scholarly journals Vitamin D, Zinc and Iron in Adult Patients with Covid-19 and Their Action in The Immune Response as Biomarkers: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza Miranda Ramos ◽  
Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo ◽  
Igor Domingos de Souza ◽  
Gilberto Gonçalves Facco ◽  
Antônio Carlos de Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Emerging Virus ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract: COVID-19 in 2020 brought challenges to the Brazilian public health system with an emerging virus with respiratory contagion called SARS-CoV-2. There are few studies in Brazil and in some countries, on the increased incidence of certain viral respiratory infections, includ-ing H1N1 and coronavirus and their association with low levels of vitamin D, zinc and iron. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that the deficit of vitamin D, zinc and iron has an impact on the infectious process of patients with COVID-19 and to establish new forms of prevention for the worsening of COVID-19 in the human body. Data were collected from medical records and test results from patients being followed up during the treatment period for COVID-19. Patients with low blood levels of vitamin D, zinc and iron during the treatment period of COVID-19 had a higher percentage of worsening and complications requiring hospitalization in intensive care beds. The ingestion of vitamin D, zinc and iron in the treatment period of patients with COVID-19 in addition to being an immunological protector against SARS-CoV-2 and alleviating the process of worsening the disease can also act as a biomarker in cases of this disease.

scholarly journals Vitamin D, Zinc and Iron in Adult Patients with Covid-19 and Their Action in the Immune Response as Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eliza Miranda Ramos ◽  
Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo ◽  
Francisco José Mendes dos Reis ◽  
Igor Domingos de Souza ◽  
Gilberto Gonçalves Facco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Emerging Virus ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

COVID-19 in 2020 brought challenges to the Brazilian public health system with an emerging virus with respiratory contagion called SARS-CoV-2. There are few studies in Brazil and in some countries, on the increased incidence of certain viral respiratory infections, including H1N1 and coronavirus and their association with low levels of vitamin D, zinc and iron. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that the deficit of vitamin D, zinc and iron has an impact on the infectious process of patients with COVID-19 and to establish new forms of prevention for the worsening of COVID-19 in the human body. Data were collected from medical records and test results from patients being followed up during the treatment period for COVID-19. Patients with low blood levels of vitamin D, zinc and iron during the treatment period of COVID-19 had a higher percentage of worsening and complications requiring hospitalization in intensive care beds. The ingestion of vitamin D, zinc and iron in the treatment period of patients with COVID-19 in addition to being an immunological protector against SARS-CoV-2 and alleviating the process of worsening the disease can also act as a biomarker in cases of this disease.

scholarly journals COVID-19, Rate of Case Factors and Nutritional Characteristics of Patients Dying in Italy and Brazil: A Critical Analyze

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Eliza Miranda Ramos ◽  
Antônio Carlos de Abreu ◽  
Sandra Luzinete Félix de Freitas ◽  
Matheus Dullius de Lima ◽  
Francisco José Mendes dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Response Change ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Viruses continued to emerge and bring challenges to the global public health system with emerging viruses with respiratory contagion. Previous studies have shown that the increased incidence of certain viral respiratory infections, including influenza and coronavirus, is associated with low levels of Vitamin D, zinc and iron. Elements such as iron, zinc and Vitamin D influence adaptive immunity by inhibiting the proliferation of B cells with differentiation and secretion of immunoglobulins that will supply the proliferation of T cells and this will result in a more pro-inflammatory response change.

scholarly journals Epidemic influenza and vitamin D

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 1129-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. CANNELL ◽  
R. VIETH ◽  
J. C. UMHAU ◽  
M. F. HOLICK ◽  
W. B. GRANT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Human Immunity ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Live Attenuated Influenza Virus ◽  
Viral Respiratory

In 1981, R. Edgar Hope-Simpson proposed that a ‘seasonal stimulus’ intimately associated with solar radiation explained the remarkable seasonality of epidemic influenza. Solar radiation triggers robust seasonal vitamin D production in the skin; vitamin D deficiency is common in the winter, and activated vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D, a steroid hormone, has profound effects on human immunity. 1,25(OH)2D acts as an immune system modulator, preventing excessive expression of inflammatory cytokines and increasing the ‘oxidative burst’ potential of macrophages. Perhaps most importantly, it dramatically stimulates the expression of potent anti-microbial peptides, which exist in neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer cells, and in epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract where they play a major role in protecting the lung from infection. Volunteers inoculated with live attenuated influenza virus are more likely to develop fever and serological evidence of an immune response in the winter. Vitamin D deficiency predisposes children to respiratory infections. Ultraviolet radiation (either from artificial sources or from sunlight) reduces the incidence of viral respiratory infections, as does cod liver oil (which contains vitamin D). An interventional study showed that vitamin D reduces the incidence of respiratory infections in children. We conclude that vitamin D, or lack of it, may be Hope-Simpson's ‘seasonal stimulus’.

scholarly journals 1332. Clinical Indicators for When Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Is Needed Beyond Nasopharyngeal Swab (NP) Testing for Viral Respiratory Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S754-S754
Author(s):  
Patrizia Ulrich ◽  
Derrick Chen
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Background This study evaluated the yield of testing NP vs BAL specimens using a multiplex PCR respiratory viral panel (RVP). Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted on all patients from 10/2017-3/2021 who had both an NP swab and BAL tested by RVP within a 4-week period. Results There were 477 cases where patients had both an NP and BAL specimen tested by RVP. Results were NP-/BAL- for 361 (76%) cases, NP+/BAL+ for 58 (12%), NP-/BAL+ for 40 (8%), and NP+/BAL- for 18 (4%). For NP+/BAL+, NP-/BAL+, and NP+/BAL-, respectively, rhinovirus was detected in 23 (40%), 3 (8%), and 16 (89%) cases (p< 0.001); influenza A or B in 9 (16%), 7 (18%), and 0 (0%) (ns); adenovirus in 3 (5%), 10 (25%), and 2 (11%) (p< 0.05); metapneumovirus in 9 (16%), 8 (20%), 2 (11%) (ns); RSV in 8 (14%), 6 (15%), and 1 (6%) (ns); and, parainfluenza in 7 (12%), 6 (15%), and 1 (6%) (ns), respectively. Average ages were 48, 48, and 48 years; numbers of males were 34 (58%), 28 (70%), and 11 (61%); immunocompromised were 56 (97%), 37 (92%), and 17 (94%); and, 16 (28%), 10 (25%), and 6 (33%) had an active malignancy, respectively (all ns). Average symptom durations prior to presentation were 7.0, 13.1, and 9.6 days (ns); pulmonary exams were abnormal in 35 (60%), 24 (60%), and 5 (28%) cases (p< 0.05); shortness of breath (SOB) was present in 40 (69%), 25 (62%), and 8 (44%) (ns); lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) symptoms were absent in 1 (2%), 12 (30%), and 8 (45%) cases (p< 0.01); when spirometry values were available, they were reduced in 28/31 (90%), 15/19 (79%), and 3/8 (37%) cases (p< 0.05); and, mean SpO2 levels were 91.5%, 93.9%, and 93.7% (ns), respectively. Mean temperatures were 99.0F, 99.0F, and 99.1F (ns); chills, sweats, and malaise were present in 27 (47%), 13 (33%), and 3 (17%) cases (p< 0.05); GI symptoms were present in 20 (34%), 5 (13%), and 10 (56%) cases (p< 0.05); and, acute kidney injury was present in 38 (66%), 13 (33%), and 6 (33%) cases (p< 0.05), respectively. Conclusion Most (88%) RVP test results were concordant between NP and BAL. There were significant differences between cases of NP+/BAL+, NP-/BAL+, and NP+/BAL-. Rhinovirus and GI symptoms were more common for NP+/BAL- vs NP-/BAL+. Conversely, pulmonary exams were more often abnormal and spirometry values reduced for NP-/BAL+ vs NP+/BAL-. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals The effects of vitamin D on acute viral respiratory infections: A rapid review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Bradley ◽  
Janet Schloss ◽  
Danielle Brown ◽  
Deisy Celis ◽  
John Finnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

scholarly journals The lung–gut axis during viral respiratory infections: the impact of gut dysbiosis on secondary disease outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Sencio ◽  
Marina Gomes Machado ◽  
François Trottein
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Viral Respiratory

AbstractBacteria that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract are essential for good health. The gut microbiota has a critical role in pulmonary immunity and host’s defense against viral respiratory infections. The gut microbiota’s composition and function can be profoundly affected in many disease settings, including acute infections, and these changes can aggravate the severity of the disease. Here, we discuss mechanisms by which the gut microbiota arms the lung to control viral respiratory infections. We summarize the impact of viral respiratory infections on the gut microbiota and discuss the potential mechanisms leading to alterations of gut microbiota’s composition and functions. We also discuss the effects of gut microbial imbalance on disease outcomes, including gastrointestinal disorders and secondary bacterial infections. Lastly, we discuss the potential role of the lung–gut axis in coronavirus disease 2019.

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