Do Mouthwashes Reduce Covid-19 Viral Load during Dental Procedures and Oropharyngeal Examinations? A Systematic Review

There is a relatively high risk of virus transmission in dental procedures and oropharyngeal examinations. We investigated the effects of mouthwashes on covid-19 viral load reduction during dental practices and oro-pharyngeal assessments. We performed a systematic search in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library for relevant studies up to February 2021. Papers evaluating patients with covid-19 infection (patients) who rinse mouthwashes (intervention) compared to patients who don’t rinse them (comparison) for reducing covid-19 viral load or reducing cross-infection of covid-19 (outcome) in the randomized and non-randomized clinical trial and quasi-experimental studies (study) were included due to PICOS question. Three independent authors conducted literature screening and data extraction. We extracted the most relevant data and we evaluated the risk of bias from the included studies. Out of 344 potentially eligible articles, six studies were included in this systematic review. Regarding viral load and negative cycle threshold (ct) values, 1% PVP_I and Listerine mouthwash were effective. 0.12% CHX mouthwash was effective 0-2 hours post rinsing, but it was not effective after 2 hours. A mixture solution of 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate and 6% Hydrogen peroxide was effective on day 5 of intervention. Gargling 1% hydrogen peroxide, 0.075% Cetylpiridinum Chloride (CPC), 0.5%PVP-I and 0.2% CHX mouthwashes was not effective on SARS-COV-2. It cannot be guaranteed that rinsing a specific kind of mouthwash prevents cross-infection of covid-19; however, the viral load of SARS-COV-2 in saliva will be decreased after rinsing mouthwashes containing 1%PVP-I and Listerine.

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A Systematic Review of Interventions to Increase Awareness, Knowledge, and Folic Acid Consumption before and during Pregnancy

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.4278/06051566r2.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 237-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Corina Mihaela Chivu ◽

Theodore H. Tulchinsky ◽

Karla Soares-Weiser ◽

Rony Braunstein ◽

Mayer Brezis

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Folic Acid ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Interrupted Time Series ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Before And After ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Time Series Studies

Objective. We conducted a systematic review of studies designed to increase awareness of, knowledge about, and consumption of folic acid before and during pregnancy. Data sources. Studies were identified from Cochrane Library, Medline, and the references of primary studies and reviews. Study inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental interrupted time series studies, follow-up studies, case-control studies, and before-and-after studies, all of which were conducted between 1992 and 2005 on women ages 15 to 49 years and/or health professionals, evaluating awareness and/or knowledge and/or consumption of folic acid both before and after intervention. Studies were excluded if data were not presented both before and after intervention or were other outcomes than those mentioned here. Data extraction. Data were extracted in relation to characteristics of studies, participants, interventions, and outcomes. Data synthesis. Because of heterogeneity, we performed a narrative synthesis describing the direction and the size of effects. Results. On average, women's awareness increased from 60% to 72%, knowledge from 21% to 45%, and consumption from 14% to 23%. Conclusions. Interventions had a positive effect on folic acid intakes before and during pregnancy, although the average usage reached less than 25%. So what? Further research is needed to design more effective interventions to increase periconceptional use of folic acid.

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Potential Benefits of Multimedia-Based Home Catheter Management Education in Patients With Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: Systematic Review

Journal of Medical Internet Research ◽

10.2196/17899 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. e17899

Author(s):

Kija Malale ◽

Jili Fu ◽

William Nelson ◽

Helena Marco Gemuhay ◽

Xiuni Gan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Management Education ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters ◽

Current Systematic Review ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

Central Catheters

Background In recent years, there have been many suggestions to use multimedia as a strategy to fully meet the educational needs of patients with peripherally inserted central catheters. However, the potential benefits remain unreliable in the literature. Objective In this study, we identified the potential benefits of multimedia-based home catheter management education in patients with peripherally inserted central catheters and discussed the clinical implications. Methods We performed systematic searches of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase Ovid, Medline, BioMed Central-cancer (BMC-cancer), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases without date constraints until November 30, 2019. The methodological quality of the eligible studies was appraised using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Narrative synthesis of the study findings was conducted. Results A total of 6 intervention studies met the inclusion criteria, including 3 randomized controlled trials and 3 case-control studies/quasi-experimental studies. The studies included a total of 355 subjects, including a total of 175 in the multimedia groups and 180 in the control groups. We identified 4 potential benefits to patients: (1) improved knowledge, (2) increased satisfaction, (3) reduced incidence of catheter-related complications, and (4) reduced number of cases of delayed care after complications. Conclusions The current systematic review highlights the potential benefits of multimedia-based home catheter management education for patients with peripherally inserted central catheters.

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Effectiveness of pictographs in improving patient education outcomes: a systematic review

Health Education Research ◽

10.1093/her/cyaa046 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tongyao Wang ◽

Joachim G Voss

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Patient Education ◽

Patient Population ◽

Health Management ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Education Outcomes ◽

Outcome Measurements ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Outcome Differences

Abstract The objective of this review was to investigate process of pictograph development and the effectiveness of pictographs in patient education. We conducted searches in Medline/PubMed, CINAHL with full text, PsycInfo, ERIC and Cochrane Library with keywords: (pictograph or pictorial) AND (patient education) NOT (children or adolescent or youth or child or teenagers). After excluding manuscripts that did not meet inclusion criteria, 56 articles were included between the time of the last review on this topic (January 2008) and May 2019. There are 17 descriptive studies, 27 randomized control trial studies, 9 quasi-experimental studies and 2 unique literatures in the systematic review. Major goals of the studies are pictograph development or validation. The majority of manuscripts (n = 48) supported the approach. However, six studies did not find significant differences in the outcome. Differences in patient population, pictograph designs and author-developed outcome measurements made it difficult to compare the findings. There is a lack of evidence on validating information outcome measurements. This review demonstrated that implementing pictographs into patient education is a promising approach for better information understanding and health management. Pictographic interventions need to be carefully developed and validated with both the targeted patient population and the clinical experts.

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The effect of pre-anaesthetic assessment clinic: a systematic review of randomised and non-randomised prospective controlled studies

10.1101/2021.06.04.21258364 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eirunn Kristoffersen ◽

Anne Opsal ◽

Tor Tveit ◽

Rigmor Berg ◽

Mariann Fossum

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Anaesthetic Assessment

ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of pre-anaesthetic assessment clinics (PACs) implemented to improve quality and patient safety in perioperative care. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: The electronic databases CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCOhost), Medline, and Embase (OvidSP) were systematically searched from 1st April, 1996 to 4th February, 2021. Eligibility criteria: The main inclusion criterion was that the study, using empirical quantitative methods, addressed the effectiveness of PACs. Data extraction and synthesis: Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened in duplicate by two authors. Risk of bias assessment, using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for quasi-experimental studies, and data extraction were performed by one author and checked by the other author. Results were synthesised narratively owing to the heterogeneity of the included studies. Results: Seven prospective controlled studies were conducted. Most studies had a high risk of bias. Three studies reported a significant reduction in the length of the hospital stay, and two studies reported a significant reduction in cancellation of surgery for medical reasons when patients were seen in the PAC. In addition, the included studies presented mixed results regarding anxiety in patients. Conclusion: This systematic review demonstrated a reduction in the length of hospital stay and cancellation of surgery when the patients had been assessed in the PAC. There is a need for high-quality prospective studies to gain a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of PACs. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019137724

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Systematic Review of Fatigue in Individuals With Cerebral Palsy

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnhum.2021.598800 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Luca Puce ◽

Ilaria Pallecchi ◽

Karim Chamari ◽

Lucio Marinelli ◽

Tiziano Innocenti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Critical Appraisal ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Evidence Quality ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Daily Physical Activities ◽

Objectively Measured

In this systematic review, we collected and analyzed literature works comparing self-reported fatigue and objectively-measured fatigue in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) and in age-matched typically developing/typically developed (TD) controls (Healthy). The search was conducted on four electronic databases/platforms (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus) using the key words “cerebral palsy” combined with “fatig*,” where the asterisk was used as a wildcard. As a critical appraisal tool, the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies (2017) was used. A total of 22 studies passed the critical appraisal rating and were included in both narrative and quantitative analyses. The overall evidence quality of the findings was considered very good. Data of objectively-measured fatigue in performing maximal fatiguing tasks indicated lower fatigue levels in participants with CP, possibly due to their pathological inability to recruit highly fatigable muscle fibers. Highly trained individuals with CP and TD controls performing maximal fatiguing tasks seem to be an exception to this, as they exhibited similar levels of fatigue. In submaximal fatiguing tasks, including daily physical activities, either objectively-measured or self-reported fatigue was higher in participants with CP than in TD controls, indicating a lower ability for development of neurophysiological compensation for fatigue among participants with CP. Further studies on fatigue are needed to gain an insight into the multifold mechanisms of fatigue in individuals with CP. Understanding fatigue mechanisms could help in setting up strategies for effective intervention programs, with benefits in healthcare and improved quality of life of individuals with CP.Systematic Review Registration: [PROSPERO 2019], identifier [CRD42019143524].

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Potential Benefits of Multimedia-Based Home Catheter Management Education in Patients With Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: Systematic Review (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.17899 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kija Malale ◽

Jili Fu ◽

William Nelson ◽

Helena Marco Gemuhay ◽

Xiuni Gan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Management Education ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters ◽

Current Systematic Review ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

Central Catheters

BACKGROUND In recent years, there have been many suggestions to use multimedia as a strategy to fully meet the educational needs of patients with peripherally inserted central catheters. However, the potential benefits remain unreliable in the literature. OBJECTIVE In this study, we identified the potential benefits of multimedia-based home catheter management education in patients with peripherally inserted central catheters and discussed the clinical implications. METHODS We performed systematic searches of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase Ovid, Medline, BioMed Central-cancer (BMC-cancer), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases without date constraints until November 30, 2019. The methodological quality of the eligible studies was appraised using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Narrative synthesis of the study findings was conducted. RESULTS A total of 6 intervention studies met the inclusion criteria, including 3 randomized controlled trials and 3 case-control studies/quasi-experimental studies. The studies included a total of 355 subjects, including a total of 175 in the multimedia groups and 180 in the control groups. We identified 4 potential benefits to patients: (1) improved knowledge, (2) increased satisfaction, (3) reduced incidence of catheter-related complications, and (4) reduced number of cases of delayed care after complications. CONCLUSIONS The current systematic review highlights the potential benefits of multimedia-based home catheter management education for patients with peripherally inserted central catheters.

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A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Slaughter and Processing Interventions To Control Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Beef and Pork

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-203 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 79 (12) ◽

pp. 2196-2210 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

IAN YOUNG ◽

BARBARA J. WILHELM ◽

SARAH CAHILL ◽

REI NAKAGAWA ◽

PATRICIA DESMARCHELIER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Hot Water ◽

Food Sources ◽

Weight Of Evidence ◽

Meat Industry ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Quasi Experimental

ABSTRACT Pork is one of the major food sources of human salmonellosis worldwide, and beef products have been implicated in numerous foodborne outbreaks. Thus, effective interventions to reduce Salmonella contamination during beef and pork processing are of interest to both regulators and the meat industry. We conducted a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of literature investigating the efficacy of slaughter and processing interventions to control Salmonella in beef and pork. Review steps included a comprehensive search strategy, relevance screening of abstracts, relevance confirmation of articles, data extraction, risk-of-bias assessment, meta-analysis (where appropriate), and a weight-of-evidence assessment. A total of 191 relevant experimental studies were identified. The results of two controlled trials indicated that hot water and steam treatments were effective for reducing the prevalence of Salmonella on beef carcasses (relative risk [RR] = 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02, 0.58), whereas in four trials, prechill organic acid washes were effective for reducing Salmonella on pork carcasses (RR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.78), with high confidence in the estimates of effect. In four quasi-experimental studies, postexsanguination chemical washes were effective for reducing the prevalence of Salmonella on cattle hides, with low confidence in the specific estimate of effect; however, moderate confidence was found for the effect estimates of scalding (RR =0.20; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.29) and singeing (RR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.52) of pork carcasses. The overall evidence supports enhanced reductions of Salmonella through a multihurdle approach. Various slaughter and processing interventions can contribute to reduction of Salmonella on beef and pork carcasses, depending on the context of application, and an appropriate combination should be selected, validated, and verified by establishment operators under their local conditions.

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Workplace intervention programmes for decreasing alcohol use in military personnel: a systematic review

BMJ Military Health ◽

10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001584 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001584

Author(s):

Jason R Watterson ◽

B Gabbe ◽

J V Rosenfeld ◽

H Ball ◽

L Romero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Military Personnel ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Active Duty ◽

Active Duty Military ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Military

IntroductionHarmful or risky-single occasion drinking (RSOD) alcohol use in the military is a significant problem. However, most studies of interventions have focused on veterans, representing a missed opportunity for intervention with active military personnel. Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework, the aim of this systematic review was to analyse and synthesise the evidence related to workplace-based interventions for reducing alcohol use in active-duty military personnel.MethodsFour electronic databases and reference lists of relevant articles were searched from database inception until 20 January 2020. This review focused on experimental and quasi-experimental studies of active-duty military personnel. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment were independently performed by two reviewers using a standardised checklist. A third reviewer was used to arbitrate the disputed studies for final selection.ResultsThe search yielded seven studies from an initial 1582 records identified. A range of interventions were used in these studies (four randomised controlled trials, two non-randomised trials and one before and after cohort study), including web-based approaches, telephone-delivered interventions and individual and group-based face-to-face interventions. Seven studies found decreased drinking, measured using a range of outcomes, following the intervention. However, this was not sustained in the longer term in any of the studies.ConclusionsThe low methodological rigour of most studies limited the capacity to demonstrate the efficacy of the interventions studied. Given the importance of reducing harmful or RSOD use of alcohol in the military, future studies would benefit from improved methodological rigour including ensuring adequate study power, randomisation, selection of validated outcome measures, including measures other than consumption (eg, attitudinal measures), and longer-term follow-up. There is also a need to develop methods that ensure participant loss to follow-up is minimised.

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Effects of telerehabilitation in occupational therapy practice: A systematic review

Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/1569186119849119 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 3-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Goris Hung KN ◽

Kenneth NK Fong

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Occupational Therapy ◽

Service Delivery ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Randomised Controlled

Objective/background This study aimed to review the current evidence on the application of telerehabilitation in occupational therapy practice and its clinical outcomes over the last 10 years. Methods A systematic review was performed on studies published in English in the decade 2008 to 2017, retrieved from seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, SAGE, Science Direct and EMBASE). Only articles evaluating the use of telerehabilitation to provide occupational therapy services from a distance were included, with no restrictions on pathology, impairment, age, or the nature of occupational therapy intervention. Results Fifteen articles (three randomised controlled trials, eight quasi-experimental studies, one trial with single-group post-intervention and three case studies) were reviewed. Despite various study designs and outcome measures, most studies indicated positive therapeutic effects of using telerehabilitation in occupational therapy practice. There is insufficient evidence, however, to confirm that telerehabilitation is more effective than the face-to-face model. Little evidence was shown on the long-term effect and cost efficacy. Only two studies used smartphones in their applications. Conclusion Telerehabilitation offers an alternative service delivery model for occupational therapy, not only bridging distance but also offering user-friendly treatment for patients at home. Further research, particularly on the use of the most cutting-edge mobile technology, is needed to determine effectiveness in occupational therapy practice treating various diseases, conditions and impairments and the characteristics of patients, interventions and therapists that lead to the best fit with this alternative and emerging form of service delivery.

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Effectiveness of Nutritional Education for Obese Older Adults With Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1291 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 401-401

Author(s):

Yue-Heng Yin ◽

Liu Yat Justina

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Physical Function ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Well Being ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Nutritional Education ◽

Hand Search ◽

Education Interventions

Abstract Obesity has been shown to intensify the decline of physical function and lead to frailty. Nutrition is an important method in managing obesity and frailty, while seldom reviews have ever explored the effects of nutritional education interventions. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42019142403) to explore the effectiveness of nutritional education interventions in managing body composition and physio-psychosocial parameters related to frailty. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies were searched in CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus from 2001 to 2019. Hand search for the reference lists of included papers was conducted as well. We assessed the quality of included studies by Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analyses and narrative synthesis were used to analyse the data. Two studies with low risk of bias were screened from 180 articles, which involved 177 older people with an average age of 69.69±4.08 years old. The results showed that nutritional education was significantly effective in reducing body weight and fat mass than exercises, and it was beneficial to enhancing physical function and psychosocial well-being. But the effects of nutritional education in increasing muscle strength were not better than exercises. The combined effects of nutritional education and exercises were superior than either exercises or nutritional education interventions solely in preventing the loss of lean mass and bone marrow density, and in improving physical function. Due to limited numbers of relevant studies, the strong evidence of effectiveness of nutritional education interventions on reversing frailty is still lacking.

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