scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity of Opuntia SP. Fruit Extracts on Human Sperm Quality and Cryopreservation Cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Contino ◽  
Elena Maria Scalisi ◽  
Roberta Pecoraro ◽  
Chiara Failla ◽  
Sara Ignoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Acrosome Reaction ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Freezing Medium ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Opuntia sp. contain antioxidant phytochemicals resistant to ROS damage, whose excess negatively affect fertilization. We investigate the activity of fruit extracts of O. dillenii and O. ficus indica (cv red and yellow) on sperm quality and cryopreservation. In the first experiment, we exposed the samples to extracts (50 µl) for 1 hour to then evaluate semen parameters (vitality, motility, acrosome reaction, DNA fragmentation and oxidative stress). The results showed a significant increase in the motility (86%±0.19 for OFI cv yellow, 82%±0.15 for OFI cv red and 90%±0.08 for O. dillenii) compared to the control (80%±0.17). Moreover, we noted a reduction of DNA fragmentation on treated (3%±0.03 in OFI cv yellow, 7%±0.09 in OFI cv red and 5%±0.07 in O. dillenii) than the control (40%±0.14). Furthermore, the oxidative stress was reduced after exposure to solutions (3.15mV in the control and 2.94mV in the treated). In the second experiment, 50 µl of solutions were added to the Freezing medium. After thawing, we observed an improvement in vitality and the number of intact acrosomes. Our results suggest that Opuntia sp. fruit extracts improve sperm quality, both before and after cryopreservation, optimizing the potential of fertilization of sperm cells.

scholarly journals Effects of human sperm cryopreservation on apoptotic markers in normozoospermic and non-normozoospermic patients

Zygote ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seda Karabulut ◽  
Asuman Demiroğlu-Zergeroğlu ◽  
Elif Yılmaz ◽  
Pelin Kutlu ◽  
İlknur Keskin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Sperm Cryopreservation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Apoptotic Markers ◽  
Neat Semen

SummaryThe negative effects of cryopreservation on sperm parameters are well documented but little information is known about molecular basis of the process. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effects of sperm cryopreservation on main apoptotic signs including DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activation and to determine if these effects vary according to sperm parameters. Sperm samples of 72 patients were cryopreserved. The patients were sub-grouped as normozoospermic or non-normozoospermic patients according to their semen parameters. DNA fragmentation rates and caspase-3 activation levels were analyzed before and after cryopreservation in both groups. Mean DNA fragmentation rate was increased significantly from 23.98% in neat semen samples to 27.34% after cryopreservation (P = 0.03). DNA fragmentation rates were slightly higher in non-normozoospermic patients compared with the normozoospermic patients in both the neat semen and after cryopreservation (23.25 and 24.71% vs. 26.32 and 28.36%, respectively) although the difference obtained were not statistically significant. An increasing trend for caspase-3 activations (0.093 vs. 0.116) was observed after cryopreservation but the differences were not statistically significant. Caspase-3 activation was found to be slightly higher in non-normozoospermic patients both in the neat semen and after cryopreservation compared with the normozoospermic patients but the differences were not statistically significant. Caspase-3 expression was also shown using immunocytochemistry in both fresh ejaculated sperm and thawed sperm after cryopreservation but at different localizations. The cryopreservation process had detrimental effects on sperm quality but the quality of the sperm samples was not adversely effective for the apoptotic markers including DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activation patterns. In fact, it was the cryopreservation process itself that adversely effected the above apoptotic markers and apoptosis. It was concluded therefore that sperm cell cryopreservation triggers apoptosis after thawing and this process adversely affects semen parameters.

scholarly journals In Vitro Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) on Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2) Genotoxicity in Human Sperm Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Santonastaso ◽  
Filomena Mottola ◽  
Concetta Iovine ◽  
Fulvio Cesaroni ◽  
Nicola Colacurci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The environmental release of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) associated with their intensive use has been reported to have a genotoxic effect on male fertility. TiO2NP is able to bind and transport environmental pollutants, such as cadmium (Cd), modifying their availability and/or toxicity. The aim of this work is to assess the in vitro effect of TiO2NPs and cadmium interaction in human sperm cells. Semen parameters, apoptotic cells, sperm DNA fragmentation, genomic stability and oxidative stress were investigated after sperm incubation in cadmium alone and in combination with TiO2NPs at different times (15, 30, 45 and 90 min). Our results showed that cadmium reduced sperm DNA integrity, and increased sperm DNA fragmentation and oxidative stress. The genotoxicity induced by TiO2NPs-cadmium co-exposure was lower compared to single cadmium exposure, suggesting an interaction of the substances to modulate their reactivity. The Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) computational method showed that the interaction between TiO2NPs and cadmium leads to the formation of a sandwich-like structure, with cadmium in the middle, which results in the inhibition of its genotoxicity by TiO2NPs in human sperm cells.

P–086 High level of sperm DNA breaks in infertile men with varicocele: its association with sperm cells death, seminal oxidative stress, and spermatic parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Ammar ◽  
M Mehdi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Enzymes Activities ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Study question Our objectives were to determine the extent of nuclear sperm injury in varicocele patients with and without altered spermatic parameters and to investigate its relationship with apoptosis and oxidative stress. Summary answer Oxidative stress (OS) in the varicocele patients may play a role in the etiology of nuclear sperm DNA damage associated with apoptosis. What is known already Varicocele is associated with high level of DNA Breaks. Study design, size, duration Ejaculated sperm samples from 51 patients diagnosed with varicocele and 29 fertile men were examined. According to the guidelines, the patient’s sperm samples were classified into varicocele with normal semen parameters (n = 11) and varicocele with abnormal semen parameters (n = 40). Participants/materials, setting, methods Sperm DNA breaks was assessed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. The proportion of both viable and dead spermatozoa with externalized phosphatidylserine was detected by the bivariate annexin V cy3/6-CFDA staining method. Seminal malondialdehyde (MDA) amounts and antioxidant enzymes activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured spectrophotometrically. Main results and the role of chance Sperm DNA Breaks, viable spermatozoa with externalized PS, and MDA levels were significantly higher in studied subgroups of patients with varicocele, either with normal or with abnormal semen parameters than controls. The seminal antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly reduced in both subgroups of patients with varicocele compared to the controls. The percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA was positively correlated to the MDA level as well as the proportion of viable spermatozoa with externalized PS. However, the decreased seminal antioxidant status was negatively correlated with the increased proportion of sperm DNA fragmentation and apoptotic spermatozoa. Limitations, reasons for caution We suggest further comparative studies connecting the varicocele patients with and without altered spermatic parameters representing high level of DNA fragmentation with more apoptotic and oxidative stress markers. Wider implications of the findings: This study reveals that impaired seminal antioxidant profile and increased seminal level of lipid peroxidation may be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of cell death-mediated DNA breaks in patients with varicocele. Trial registration number Not applicable

The relationship between genitourinary microorganisms and oxidative stress, sperm DNA fragmentation and semen parameters in infertile men

Andrologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Lok Tung Ho ◽  
Daniella R. Vaughan‐Constable ◽  
Jonathan Ramsay ◽  
Channa Jayasena ◽  
Tharu Tharakan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Melatonin and Caffeine Supplementation Used, Respectively, as Protective and Stimulating Agents in the Cryopreservation of Human Sperm Improves Survival, Viability, and Motility after Thawing compared to Traditional TEST-Yolk Buffer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana R. Pariz ◽  
Caroline Ranéa ◽  
Rosa A. C. Monteiro ◽  
Donald P. Evenson ◽  
Joël R. Drevet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Stimulant Effect ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Before And After

Cryopreservation processes can damage spermatozoa and impair structural and functional cell characteristics. Plasma, nuclear membranes, and cellular organelles can suffer from the freeze and thaw process. This study evaluates the protective and stimulant effect of melatonin and caffeine supplementation on the functional characteristics of human spermatozoa before and after freezing. Thirty seminal samples from normozoospermic men aged 19–45 years old collected between October 2012 and May 2017 were included. Semen samples were supplemented with either 2 mM melatonin (MEL) prior to cryopreservation, 2 mM caffeine (CAF) in postthaw, or CAF and MEL (CM) in precryopreservation and postthaw, respectively. Kinetics and seminal parameters, mitochondrial activity, DNA fragmentation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were analyzed before and after cryopreservation. A significant reduction in sperm concentration, total and progressive motility, sperm kinetics, and mitochondrial activity, as well as a significant increase in DNA fragmentation and ROS production in postthaw samples compared to fresh samples, was identified. After administration of a caffeine and/or melatonin supplement, there was a significant increase in progressive motility in the CAF (p=0.005) and CM (p=0.048) groups, as well as mitochondrial activity in the CM group (p<0.05). Cryopreservation has negative effects on overall sperm quality and increases ROS production. A combination of caffeine and melatonin in prefreeze and postthaw sperm samples has proven to be a very effective and simple way to improve semen quality. This will be particularly useful for initial low-quality semen samples, those which suffer the most from the freezing/thawing process.

scholarly journals Effects of Monomeric and Oligomeric Flavanols on Kidney Function, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Runners: A Randomized Double-Blind Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khrystyna O. Semen ◽  
Antje R. Weseler ◽  
Marcel J. W. Janssen ◽  
Marie-José Drittij-Reijnders ◽  
Jos L. M. L. le Noble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are frequently used by athletes in order to prevent musculoskeletal pain and improve performance. In combination with strenuous exercise, they can contribute to a reduction of renal blood flow and promote development of kidney damage. We aimed to investigate whether monomeric and oligomeric flavanols (MOF) could reduce the severity of kidney injuries associated with the intake of 400-mg ibuprofen followed by the completion of a half-marathon in recreational athletes. In this double-blind, randomized study, the original MOF blend of extracts from grape seeds (Vitis vinifera L.) and pine bark (Pinus pinaster L.) or placebo were taken for 14 days preceding the ibuprofen/half-marathon. Urine samples were collected before and after the ibuprofen/half-marathon, and biomarkers of kidney injury, inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed. Intake of MOF significantly reduced the incidence of post-race hematuria (p = 0.0004) and lowered concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 in the urine (p = 0.032). Urinary neutrophil-associated lipocalin, creatine, albumin, IL-8 and malondialdehyde tended to decrease. The supplementation with MOF in recreational runners appears to safely preserve kidney function, reduce inflammation and promote antioxidant defense during strenuous exercise and intake of a single dose of ibuprofen.

scholarly journals Low amounts of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species define human sperm quality

Reproduction ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Marques ◽  
Ana Paula Sousa ◽  
Artur Paiva ◽  
Teresa Almeida-Santos ◽  
João Ramalho-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Density Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Male Gametes

We have applied the mitochondria-specific superoxide fluorescent probe MitoSOX Red (MitoSOX) to detect mitochondria-specific reactive oxygen species (mROS) production in human sperm samples using flow cytometry. We show that human ejaculates are heterogeneous in terms of mROS production, with three subpopulations clearly detectable, comprising sperm that produce increasing amounts of mROS (MitoSOX−, MitoSOX+, and MitoSOX++). The sperm subpopulation producing the lowest amount of mROS represented the most functional subset of male gametes within the ejaculate, as it was correlated with the highest amount of live and non-apoptotic sperm and increased both in samples with better semen parameters and in samples processed by both density-gradient centrifugation and swim-up, both known to select for higher quality sperm. Importantly, the MitoSOX− subpopulation was clearly more prevalent in samples that gave rise to pregnancies following assisted reproduction. Our work, therefore, not only describe discreet human sperm heterogeneity at the mROS level but also suggests that mROS may represent a strategy to both evaluate sperm samples and isolate the most functional gametes for assisted reproduction.Free Portuguese abstractA Portuguese translation of this abstract is freely available athttp://www.reproduction-online.org/content/147/6/817/suppl/DC1

scholarly journals Investigation on the Origin of Sperm DNA Fragmentation: Role of Apoptosis, Immaturity and Oxidative Stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Muratori ◽  
Lara Tamburrino ◽  
Sara Marchiani ◽  
Marta Cambi ◽  
Biagio Olivito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
And Oxidative Stress
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