scholarly journals The Risky-Opportunity Analysis Method (ROAM) to support Risk-Based Decisions in a case-study of Critical Infrastructure Digitalization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Aghazadeh Ardebili ◽  
Elio Padoano ◽  
Antonella Longo ◽  
Antonio Ficarella
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Ancillary Service ◽  
Service Adoption ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools

Socio-ecologic, socio-economic, and socio-technical transitions are opportunities that require fundamental changes in the system. These will encounter matters associated with security, service adoption by end-users, infrastructure and availability. The purpose of this study is to examine and overcome the risks to take advantage of opportunities through the novel Risky-Opportunity Analysis Method (ROAM). A novel quantitative method is designed to determine when, after making some changes, the risks become acceptable so that the opportunity does not deviate from the objectives. The approach provided a quantitative evaluation of the possible changes in parallel with digitization, towards providing a green Service Supply Chain (SSC). The result of ROAM shows that the most cost-effective change to increase the resilience of the system is a solution (SMS) which is different from that identified by a TOPSIS multi-criteria method. Real-word decisions in change management should tackle the complexity of systems and uncertainty of events during and after transition through a careful analysis of the alternatives. A case-study was carried out to evaluate the alternatives of an ancillary service in the Payment Service Providers (PSP). The comparison of the ROAM results with the traditional TOPSIS of the case-study unveils the priority of the ROAM in practice when the alternatives are Risky-Opportunities. The existing risk assessment tools do not take advantage of risky opportunities. To this aim, the current article introduces the term Risky-Opportunity, and two indexes Stress and Strain of the alternatives that are designed to be employed in the new quantitative ROAM approach.

scholarly journals Municipal surveillance regulation and algorithmic accountability

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205395171986849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Young ◽  
Michael Katell ◽  
P. M. Krafft
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Primary Case ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Community Stakeholders ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Algorithmic Accountability ◽  
Types Of Information

A wave of recent scholarship has warned about the potential for discriminatory harms of algorithmic systems, spurring an interest in algorithmic accountability and regulation. Meanwhile, parallel concerns about surveillance practices have already led to multiple successful regulatory efforts of surveillance technologies—many of which have algorithmic components. Here, we examine municipal surveillance regulation as offering lessons for algorithmic oversight. Taking the 2017 Seattle Surveillance Ordinance as our primary case study and surveying efforts across five other cities, we describe the features of existing surveillance regulation; including procedures for describing surveillance technologies in detail, requirements for public engagement, and processes for establishing acceptable uses. Although the Seattle Surveillance Ordinance was not intended to address algorithmic accountability, we find these considerations to be relevant to the law’s aim of surfacing disparate impacts of systems in use. We also find that in notable cases government employees did not identify regulated algorithmic surveillance technologies as reliant on algorithmic or machine learning systems, highlighting definitional gaps that could hinder future efforts toward algorithmic regulation. We argue that (i) finer-grained distinctions between types of information systems in the language of law and policy, and (ii) risk assessment tools integrated into their implementation would strengthen future regulatory efforts by rendering underlying algorithmic components more legible and accountable to political and community stakeholders.

scholarly journals The colour analysis method applied to homogeneous rocks

Geologos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
Amadé Halász ◽  
Ákos Halmai
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Rock Type ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Natural Gamma ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
High Level

Abstract Computer-aided colour analysis can facilitate cyclostratigraphic studies. Here we report on a case study involving the development of a digital colour analysis method for examination of the Boda Claystone Formation which is the most suitable in Hungary for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Rock type colours are reddish brown or brownish red, or any shade between brown and red. The method presented here could be used to differentiate similar colours and to identify gradual transitions between these; the latter are of great importance in a cyclostratigraphic analysis of the succession. Geophysical well-logging has demonstrated the existence of characteristic cyclic units, as detected by colour and natural gamma. Based on our research, colour, natural gamma and lithology correlate well. For core Ib-4, these features reveal the presence of orderly cycles with thicknesses of roughly 0.64 to 13 metres. Once the core has been scanned, this is a time- and cost-effective method.

The pursuit of standardization in domestic violence social work: A multiple case study of how the idea of using risk assessment tools is manifested and processed in the Swedish social services

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Skillmark ◽  
Lotta Agevall Gross ◽  
Cecilia Kjellgren ◽  
Verner Denvall
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Assessment Practices ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Multiple Case

This multiple case study examines how the idea of using risk assessment tools is manifested and processed in Swedish social services. Based on the analysis of interviews with different stakeholders and of organizational documents in two social service organizations, we investigate the actors who control local risk assessment practices. The findings illustrate that a relatively small group of social workers in the organizations have been able to forward their claims and decide how risk assessment work should be carried out without much intrusion from local managers or politicians. The findings also validate other studies that found that increased standardization can strengthen social workers’ ability to perform their professional task rather than lead to de-professionalization. This article ends with a discussion of what risk assessment practices might mean for domestic violence victims.

scholarly journals Improving design methodologies and assessment tools for building on permafrost in a warming climate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Bjella ◽  
Yuri Shur ◽  
Misha Kanevskiy ◽  
Paul Duvoy ◽  
Bruno Grunau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Foundation Design ◽  
Site Assessment

The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) operates numerous Arctic and Subarctic installations, including Alaska. Changes to permafrost can threaten critical built infrastructure. It is critical to accurately characterize and compare site conditions in permafrost regions to enable the efficient, cost-effective design and construction of an infrastructure well suited to the permafrost environment and that meets DoD requirements. This report describes three research efforts to establish (1) field investigation approaches for ground ice detection and delineation, (2) methods and modeling for early warning detection of thawing permafrost under infrastructure, and (3) an outline of a decision support system that determines the most applicable foundation design for warming and degrading permafrost. Outcomes of these interrelated efforts address needs to improve construction of DoD mission critical infrastructure on Arctic and Subarctic permafrost terrains. Field investigation processes used systematic methodologies including borehole data and geophysical measurements to effectively characterize subsurface permafrost information. The Permafrost Foundation Decision Support System (PFFDSS) tool implements and logically links field survey information and foundation type assessments. The current version of PFFDSS is designed to be accessible to design-engineers of a broad range of experience, that will reduce the effort and cost, and improve the effectiveness of site assessment.

scholarly journals Municipal Surveillance Regulation and Algorithmic Accountability

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Young ◽  
Michael Katell ◽  
P. M. Krafft
Keyword(s):  
Public Engagement ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Primary Case ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Community Stakeholders ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Algorithmic Accountability

A wave of recent scholarship has warned about the potential for discriminatory harms of algorithmic systems, spurring an interest in algorithmic accountability and regulation. Meanwhile, parallel concerns about surveillance practices have already led to multiple successful regulatory efforts of surveillance technologies—many of which have algorithmic components. Here, we examine municipal surveillance regulation as offering lessons for algorithmic oversight. Taking the 2017 Seattle Surveillance Ordinance as our primary case study and surveying efforts across five other cities, we describe the features of existing surveillance regulation; including procedures for describing surveillance technologies in detail, processes for public engagement, and processes for establishing acceptable uses. Although these surveillance-focused laws were not intended to address algorithmic accountability, we find these considerations to be relevant to the law’s aim of surfacing disparate impacts of systems in use. We also find that in notable cases, government employees did not identify regulated algorithmic surveillance technologies as reliant on algorithmic or machine learning systems, highlighting a definitional gap that could hinder future efforts toward algorithmic regulation. We argue that (i) finer-grained distinctions between types of analytic and information systems in the language of law and policy, and (ii) risk assessment tools integrated into their implementation would both strengthen future regulatory efforts by rendering underlying algorithmic components more legible and accountable to political and community stakeholders.

scholarly journals Cross-Validation of Generic Risk Assessment Tools for Animal Disease Incursion Based on a Case Study for African Swine Fever

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clazien J. de Vos ◽  
Rachel A. Taylor ◽  
Robin R. L. Simons ◽  
Helen Roberts ◽  
Cecilia Hultén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools

A Risk Assessment of a Novel Bulk Cargo Ship-to-Ship Transfer Operation Using the Functional Resonance Analysis Method

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauchlan J. Clarke ◽  
Gregor J. Macfarlane ◽  
Irene Penesis ◽  
Jonathan T. Duffy ◽  
Shinsuke Matsubara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Resonance Analysis ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Feeder Vessel ◽  
Transfer Operation

Risk assessments underpin a maritime operation’s safety management system. When applied to an untested concept a risk assessment can also assist with overcoming resistance to new technology. This paper proposes the functional resonance analysis method (FRAM) as a tool for developing design recommendations and fulfilling the safety management objectives of the ISM Code. The FRAM is applied to benefit the floating harbour transhipper (FHT), a novel concept for the transhipment of bulk commodities. The FHT acts as a large floating warehouse with an aft well dock that provides shelter for a feeder vessel. The FHT’s materials handling equipment transfers bulk cargo from the feeder vessel onto its own stockpile or directly to an export vessel moored alongside, or from its stockpile to the export vessel. Most risk assessment tools focus on identifying and addressing system components that can potentially fail. With the FRAM however, the scope, direction and recommendations are guided by a practical understanding of the variability of work undertaken rather than preconceived notions of potential failure modes. Adopting a method based on maximising resilience rather than minimising the causes of accidents promotes a shift from a blame culture to a safety culture. Applying the FRAM generated a deeper, broader and more transparent understanding of the FHT transfer operation than what would have been achievable using traditional risk assessment tools. This understanding was used to develop recommendations designed to improve the resilience of the FHT operation.

Probabilistic Risk Analysis of Process Systems Considering Epistemic and Aleatory Uncertainties: A Comparison Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 181-207
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yazdi ◽  
Noorbakhsh Amiri Golilarz ◽  
Kehinde Adewale Adesina ◽  
Arman Nedjati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Evidence Theory ◽  
Fault Tree Analysis ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Process Systems ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Probabilistic Risk

The fault tree analysis (FTA) is one of the important probabilistic risk assessment tools that is extensively used in different industrial applications. However, the classical FTA has been widely criticized due to its ambiguity and vagueness in finding the probability of basic events (BEs), and accordingly, in computing the probability of top events (TEs). In this paper, we propose a new approach considering the integration of fuzzy set theory and evidence theory for handling both types of uncertainties, i.e., epistemic and aleatory. In addition, to estimate the probability of TEs alternatively, the normal distribution is applied. By performing a numerical example of risk assessment in a collapse case study for a common offshore facility platform, the effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated. Finally, in this study, the sensitivity analysis is also performed to represent the vulnerability of the causes and the interaction of different inputs, meaning that the proposed model is highly reliable and effective for real applications.

scholarly journals ANALISIS MANUFACTURING CYCLE EFFECTIVENESS (MCE)UNTUK MENINGKATKAN COST EFFECTIVE DANMENGURANGI NON VALUE ADDED: (STUDI KASUS PADA PT. IMA MONTAZ SEJAHTERA- LHOKSEUMAWE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Nur Afni Yunita ◽  
Cut Nurlaila Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Quantitative Data Analysis ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

This study aims to analyze the size of the effectiveness of the production process or known as manufacturing cycle effectiveness (MCE) to increase cost effective and reduce non valueadded activity at PT. Ima Montaz Sejahtera- Lhokseumawe. The research method used is Mix Method, which combines quantitative data analysis method and qualitative descriptive analysis with a case study approach. Data collection is conducted by interviews and documentation studies. The result show that MCE is 56,36%. The MCE size shows that there are still non value added activities that occur in the production process, so the management of PT. Ima montaz Sejahtera can plan a reduction program for non value added activity.

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