scholarly journals To Mask or Not to Mask - Evaluation of Cognitive Performance in Children Wearing Face Masks during School Lessons (Maskids)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Schlegtendal ◽  
Lynn Eitner ◽  
Michael Falkenstein ◽  
Anna Hoffmann ◽  
Thomas Lücke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Regular School ◽  
Randomized Controlled

In the current Sars-CoV-2 pandemic, wearing a face mask was mandatory and is still desired during school lessons. There are no controlled studies in children to date indicating an effect on cognitive performance wearing face masks. In a randomized controlled trial, we analysed the influence of face masks on cognitive performance of pupils during regular school lessons. Pupils (n=133, 5th to 7th grade) were randomized by alternating allocation into control (with masks, n=65) and intervention groups (without mask, n=68). After two school lessons with (control) and without (intervention) face masks in class all pupils performed digital tests for cognitive performance regarding attention and executive functions (Switch, CORSI block tapping, 2-back and flanker task). Overall, there were no significant differences in cognitive performance between both groups, masks vs. no masks. Wearing face masks has no significant influence on attention and executive functions of pupils and can still be recommended during school lessons.

scholarly journals To Mask or Not to Mask—Evaluation of Cognitive Performance in Children Wearing Face Masks during School Lessons (MasKids)

Children ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Anne Schlegtendal ◽  
Lynn Eitner ◽  
Michael Falkenstein ◽  
Anna Hoffmann ◽  
Thomas Lücke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Regular School ◽  
Randomized Controlled

In the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, wearing a face mask is mandatory again during school lessons. There are no controlled studies in children to date indicating an effect on cognitive performance from wearing face masks. In a randomized controlled trial, we analysed the influence of face masks on cognitive performance of pupils during regular school lessons. Pupils (n = 133, fifth to seventh grade) were randomized by alternating allocation into control (with masks, n = 65) and intervention groups (without mask, n = 68). After two school lessons with (control) and without (intervention) face masks in class, all pupils performed digital tests for cognitive performance regarding attention and executive functions (switch, Corsi block-tapping, 2-back and flanker task). Overall, there were no significant differences in cognitive performance between both groups, masks vs. no masks. Wearing face masks has no significant influence on attention and executive functions of pupils and can still be recommended during school lessons.

Supreme Laryngeal Mask Airway versus Face Mask during Neonatal Resuscitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-291.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Trevisanuto ◽  
Francesco Cavallin ◽  
Loi Ngoc Nguyen ◽  
Tien Viet Nguyen ◽  
Linh Dieu Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Laryngeal Mask Airway ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Neonatal Resuscitation ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Laryngeal Mask ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Effects of the Amount and Frequency of Fluid Intake on Cognitive Performance and Mood among Young Adults in Baoding, Hebei, China: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8813
Author(s):  
Hairong He ◽  
Jianfen Zhang ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
Songming Du ◽  
Shufang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Time Point

Water is a critical nutrient that is important for the maintenance of the physiological function of the human body. This article aimed to investigate the effects of the amount and frequency of fluid intake on cognitive performance and mood. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial was designed and implemented on college students aged 18–23 years in Baoding, China. Participants were randomly assigned into one of three groups: the recommended behavior group (RB group) who drank 200 mL of water every 2 h, the half amount group (HA group) who drank 100 mL of water every 2 h, and the high frequency group (HF group) who drank 110 mL of water every 1 h. The intervention lasted 2 days. Urine osmolality, cognitive performance, and mood of participants in each group were compared using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A total of 92 participants (46 females, 46 males) completed this study with a completion rate of 95.8%. The urine osmolality of the HA group was higher than that of the RB group and the HF group at two time points (p < 0.05). At time point 1, the scores in the portrait memory test and vigor were statistically different (F = 20.45, p < 0.001; F = 5.46, p = 0.006). It was found that the scores for the portrait memory test in the RB group were lower than those in the HA group and the HF group (p = 0.007; p < 0.001), while the scores of the HF group were higher than those of the HA group (p < 0.001). The scores for vigor in the RB group were significantly higher than those of the HA group (p = 0.006), and they were also significantly higher than those of the HF group (p = 0.004). At time point 2, only the scores for vigor were statistically different (F = 3.80, p = 0.026). It was found that the scores for vigor in the RB group were higher than those in the HA group and HF group (p = 0.018; p = 0.019). Both the amount and frequency of fluid intake may affect urine osmolality and vigor, but these factors have limited impacts on cognitive performance. Rational fluid intake behavior may be beneficial to improve the hydration status and mood of young adults. More research is needed, especially experimental research, to allow causal conclusions to be drawn.

scholarly journals Brain Training Game Boosts Executive Functions, Working Memory and Processing Speed in the Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e55518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Nouchi ◽  
Yasuyuki Taki ◽  
Hikaru Takeuchi ◽  
Hiroshi Hashizume ◽  
Takayuki Nozawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Brain Training ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals The Role of Executive Functions in Socioeconomic Attainment Gaps: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1594-1614
Author(s):  
Emma Blakey ◽  
Danielle Matthews ◽  
Lucy Cragg ◽  
Jessica Buck ◽  
David Cameron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Socioeconomic Attainment ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Attainment Gaps

scholarly journals Virtual training leads to real acute physical, cognitive, and neural benefits on healthy adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Burin ◽  
Noriki Yamaya ◽  
Rie Ogitsu ◽  
Ryuta Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Virtual Body

Abstract Background Keeping a certain level of physical activity has beneficial effects on the body itself but also, surprisingly, on cognition: specifically, physical high-intensity intermittent aerobic exercise (HIE) can show improvement on cognitive executive functions. Although, in some cases performing strength or aerobic training is problematic or not feasible. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) can induce the illusory feeling of ownership and agency over a moving virtual body, therefore showing comparable physiological reactions: for example, if an individual is sitting on a chair but his virtual body climbs a hill, the individual’s heart rate increases coherently, as if he is actually walking. In this study, we investigate whether this same illusion can show beneficial consequences on the body as well as on executive functions (using the color-word matching Stroop task) and on its neural substrates (using functional near-infrared spectroscopy [fNIRS]). Methods In a cross-over randomized controlled trial, 30 healthy young adults will experience HIE training in IVR (i.e. the virtual body will perform eight sets of 30 s of running followed by 30 s of slow walking, while the participant is completely still) according to two random-ordered conditions: during the experimental condition, the virtual body is displayed in first-person perspective (1PP), while in the control condition, the virtual body is displayed in third-person perspective (3PP). To confirm that individuals have the illusion of ownership and agency over the virtual body in 1PP (and not in 3PP), we will record the heart rate, in addition to subjective questionnaires. Before and after every IVR sessions (one week apart), we will measure cortical hemodynamic changes in the participants’ prefrontal cortex using the fNIRS device during the Stroop task’s execution. Discussion From a theoretical perspective, we could prove that the sense of body ownership and agency can modulate physical and cognitive parameters, even in the absence of actual movements; from a clinical perspective, these results could be useful to train cognition and body simultaneously, in a completely safe environment. Trial registration University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry, UMIN000034255. Registered on 1 October 2018.

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