scholarly journals Portable Neuroimaging Guided Non-invasive Brain Stimulation of Cortico-cerebello-thalamo-cortical Loop in Substance Use Disorder

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushpinder Walia ◽  
Abhishek Ghosh ◽  
Shubhmohan Singh ◽  
Anirban Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cerebellar Tdcs

Background: Maladaptive neuroplasticity related learned response in substance use disorder (SUD) can be ameliorated using non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS); however, inter-individual variability needs to be addressed for clinical translation. Objective: Our first objective was to develop a hypothesis for NIBS for learned response in SUD based on competing neurobehavioral decision systems model. Next objective was to conduct computational simulation of NIBS of cortico-cerebello-thalamo-cortical (CCTC) loop in cannabis use disorder (CUD) related dysfunctional “cue-reactivity” – a closely related construct of “craving” that is a core symptom. Our third objective was to test the feasibility of our neuroimaging guided rational NIBS approach in healthy humans. Methods: “Cue-reactivity” can be measured using behavioral paradigms and portable neuroimaging, including functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalogram (EEG), metrics of sensorimotor gating. Therefore, we conducted computational simulation of NIBS, including transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation(tACS) of the cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei(DCN), of the CCTC loop for its postulated effects on fNIRS and EEG metrics. We also developed a rational neuroimaging guided NIBS approach for cerebellar lobule (VII) and prefrontal cortex based on healthy human study. Results: Simulation study of cerebellar tDCS induced gamma oscillations in the cerebral cortex while tTIS induced gamma-to-beta frequency shift. Experimental fNIRS study found that 2mA cerebellar tDCS evoked similar oxyhemoglobin(HbO) response in-the-range of 5x10-6M across cerebellum and PFC brain regions (=0.01); however, infra-slow (0.01–0.10 Hz) prefrontal cortex HbO driven(phase-amplitude-coupling, PAC) 4Hz, ±2mA (max.) cerebellar tACS evoked HbO in-the-range of 10-7M that was statistically different (=0.01) across those brain regions. Conclusion: Our healthy human study showed the feasibility of fNIRS of cerebellum and PFC as well as fNIRS-driven ctACS at 4Hz that may facilitate cerebellar cognitive function via the frontoparietal network. Future work needs to combine fNIRS with EEG for multi-modal imaging.

Prefrontal Cortex Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Treatment in Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (PreCoTTA): Study Protocol for a Double-Blind Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anagha S. Deshmukh ◽  
Samir Kumar Praharaj ◽  
Shweta Rai ◽  
Asha Kamath ◽  
Dinesh Upadhya
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome

Background: Alcohol dependence is a significant public health problem, contributing to the global health burden. Due to its immense socio-economic burden, various psychosocial, psychological, and pharmacological approaches have attempted to alter the behaviour of the patient misusing or abusing alcohol, but their efficacy is modest at best. Therefore, there is a search for newer treatment approaches, including noninvasive brain stimulation in the management of alcohol dependence. We plan to study the efficacy of Prefrontal Cortex Transcranial direct current stimulation Treatment in Alcohol dependence syndrome (PreCoTTA). Methods: Two hundred twenty-five male patients with alcohol dependence syndrome will be randomized into the three study arms (2 active, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left orbitofrontal cortex, and 1 sham) to receive a total of 14 tDCS sessions (10 continuous and 4 booster sessions). Data will be collected from them at five different time points on clinical, neuropsychological and biochemical parameters. In addition, 225 healthy age and education matched controls will be administered the neuropsychological test battery at baseline for comparison with the patient group. Discussion: The proposed study aims to explore the use of non-invasive brain stimulation; tDCS as a treatment alternative. We also aim to overcome the methodological gaps of limited sample sizes, fewer tDCS intervention sessions, lack of long term follow ups to measure the sustainability of gains and lack comprehensive measures to track changes in functioning and abstinence after tDCS intervention. The main outcomes include clinical (reduction in cue-induced craving, time to first drink and QFI); neuropsychological (risk-taking, impulsivity, and other neuropsychological domains) and biochemical markers (BDNF, leptin and adiponectin). The findings of the study will have translational value as it may help to improve the clinician’s ability to effectively manage craving in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome. Furthermore, we will have a better understanding of the neuropsychological and biochemical effects of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques which are of interest in the comprehensive treatment of addiction disorders. Trial registration: The study has been registered with the Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI/2020/09/027582) on September 03rd 2020.

scholarly journals Neural correlates of visual aesthetic appreciation: insights from non-invasive brain stimulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Zaira Cattaneo
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Aesthetic Appreciation ◽  
Lateral Occipital Complex ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Extrastriate Body Area ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Cortical Regions

AbstractDuring the last decade, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have been increasingly employed in the field of neuroaesthetics research to shed light on the possible causal role of different brain regions contributing to aesthetic appreciation. Here, I review studies that have employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to investigate neurocognitive mechanisms mediating visual aesthetic appreciation for different stimuli categories (faces, bodies, paintings). The review first considers studies that have assessed the possible causal contribution of cortical regions in mediating aesthetic appreciation along the visual ventral and dorsal pathways (i.e., the extrastriate body area, the motion-sensitive region V5/MT+ , the lateral occipital complex and the posterior parietal cortex). It then considers TMS and tDCS studies that have targeted premotor and motor regions, as well as other areas involved in body and facial expression processing (such as the superior temporal sulcus and the somatosensory cortex) to assess their role in aesthetic evaluation. Finally, it discusses studies that have targeted medial and dorsolateral prefrontal regions leading to significant changes in aesthetic appreciation for both biological stimuli (faces and bodies) and artworks. Possible mechanisms mediating stimulation effects on aesthetic judgments are discussed. A final section considers both methodological limitations of the reviewed studies (including levels of statistical power and the need for further replication) and the future potential for non-invasive brain stimulation to significantly contribute to the understanding of the neural bases of visual aesthetic experiences.

scholarly journals The heart side of brain neuromodulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2067) ◽  
pp. 20150187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Rossi ◽  
Emiliano Santarnecchi ◽  
Gaetano Valenza ◽  
Monica Ulivelli
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Vital Functions

Neuromodulation refers to invasive, minimally invasive or non-invasive techniques to stimulate discrete cortical or subcortical brain regions with therapeutic purposes in otherwise intractable patients: for example, thousands of advanced Parkinsonian patients, as well as patients with tremor or dystonia, benefited by deep brain stimulation (DBS) procedures (neural targets: basal ganglia nuclei). A new era for DBS is currently opening for patients with drug-resistant depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, severe epilepsy, migraine and chronic pain (neural targets: basal ganglia and other subcortical nuclei or associative fibres). Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has shown clinical benefits in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy and depression. Non-invasive brain stimulation neuromodulatory techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are also being increasingly investigated for their therapeutic potential in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. In this review, we first address the most common neural targets of each of the mentioned brain stimulation techniques, and the known mechanisms of their neuromodulatory action on stimulated brain networks. Then, we discuss how DBS, VNS, rTMS and tDCS could impact on the function of brainstem centres controlling vital functions, critically reviewing their acute and long-term effects on brain sympathetic outflow controlling heart function and blood pressure. Finally, as there is clear experimental evidence in animals that brain stimulation can affect autonomic and heart functions, we will try to give a critical perspective on how it may enhance our understanding of the cortical/subcortical mechanisms of autonomic cardiovascular regulation, and also if it might find a place among therapeutic opportunities in patients with otherwise intractable autonomic dysfunctions.

scholarly journals Contribution of the right temporoparietal junction and ventromedial prefrontal cortex to theory of mind in autism: A randomized, sham-controlled tDCS study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Salehinejad ◽  
Nasim Paknia ◽  
Amir Hossein Hosseinpour ◽  
Fatemeh Yavari ◽  
Carmelo M. Vicario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Children With Asd

Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to attribute subjective mental states to oneself and others and is significantly impaired in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). A frontal-posterior network of regions including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and temporoparietal junction (TPJ) is involved in ToM. Previous studies show an underactivation of these regions in ASD. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method for causally investigating brain-behavior relationships via induction of cortical excitability alterations. tDCS, mostly over the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, has been increasingly applied for improving behavioral problems in ASD. Here we investigated the contribution of the vmPFC and right TPJ in ToM abilities of ASD children via tDCS in a pilot study. Sixteen children with ASD (mean age = 10.7±1.9) underwent three tDCS sessions (1 mA, 20 min) in a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled design. Stimulation protocols included: i) anodal vmPFC tDCS, ii) anodal r-TPJ tDCS, and iii) sham tDCS. ToM abilities were explored during tDCS using the Theory of Mind Test (TOMT). Our results show that activation of the vmPFC with anodal tDCS significantly improved ToM in children with ASD compared to both, r-TPJ tDCS and sham stimulation. Specifically, precursors of ToM (e.g. emotion recognition, perception and imitation) and elementary ToM skills (e.g. first-order mental state reasoning) were significantly improved by anodal vmPFC tDCS. Based on these results, the vmPFC is a potential target region for the reduction of ASD symptoms via non-invasive brain stimulation, which should be examined in larger detail in future studies

scholarly journals The physiological effects of non-invasive brain stimulation fundamentally differ across the human cortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Castrillon ◽  
Nico Sollmann ◽  
Katarzyna Kurcyus ◽  
Adeel Razi ◽  
Sandro M. Krieg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Biophysical Modeling ◽  
Non Invasive

AbstractNon-invasive brain stimulation reliably modulates brain activity and symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, stimulation effects substantially vary across individuals and brain regions. We combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neuronal basis of inter-individual and inter-areal differences after TMS. We found that stimulating sensory and cognitive areas yielded fundamentally heterogeneous effects. Stimulation of occipital cortex enhanced brain-wide functional connectivity and biophysical modeling identified increased local inhibition and enhanced forward-signaling after TMS. Conversely, frontal stimulation decreased functional connectivity, associated with local disinhibition and disruptions of both feedforward and feedback connections. Finally, we identified brain-wide functional integration as a predictive marker for these heterogeneous stimulation effects in individual subjects. Together, our study suggests that modeling of local and global signaling parameters of a target area will improve the specificity of non-invasive brain stimulation for research and clinical applications.

scholarly journals Outcome of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in Substance Use Disorders: A Review of Randomized Sham-Controlled Clinical Trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Trojak ◽  
Anne Sauvaget ◽  
Shirley Fecteau ◽  
Laurence Lalanne ◽  
Jean-Christophe Chauvet-Gelinier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Affective Processing in Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Over Prefrontal Cortex

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Ya Shu Leng ◽  
Xiao Han Zou ◽  
Zi Qian Cheng ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Modality-independent coding of scene categories in prefrontal cortex

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaelan Jung ◽  
Bart Larsen ◽  
Dirk B. Walther
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Complex Scene ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Scene Information

AbstractNatural environments convey information through multiple sensory modalities, all of which contribute to people’s percepts. Although it has been shown that visual or auditory content of scene categories can be decoded from brain activity, it remains unclear where and how humans integrate different sensory inputs and represent scene information beyond a specific sensory modality domain. To address this question, we investigated how categories of scene images and sounds are represented in several brain regions. A mixed gender group of healthy human subjects participated the present study, where their brain activity was measured with fMRI while viewing images or listening to sounds of different places. We found that both visual and auditory scene categories can be decoded not only from modality-specific areas, but also from several brain regions in the temporal, parietal, and prefrontal cortex. Intriguingly, only in the prefrontal cortex, but not in any other regions, categories of scene images and sounds appear to be represented in similar activation patterns, suggesting that scene representations in the prefrontal cortex are modality-independent. Furthermore, the error patterns of neural decoders indicate that category-specific neural activity patterns in the middle and superior frontal gyri are tightly linked to categorization behavior. Our findings demonstrate that complex scene information is represented at an abstract level in the prefrontal cortex, regardless of the sensory modality of the stimulus.Statement of SignificanceOur experience in daily life requires the integration of multiple sensory inputs such as images, sounds, or scents from the environment. Here, for the first time, we investigated where and how in the brain information about the natural environment from multiple senses is merged to form modality-independent representations of scene categories. We show direct decoding of scene categories across sensory modalities from patterns of neural activity in the prefrontal cortex. We also conclusively tie these neural representations to human categorization behavior based on the errors from the neural decoder and behavior. Our findings suggest that the prefrontal cortex is a central hub for integrating sensory information and computing modality-independent representations of scene categories.

scholarly journals Magnetically Induced Temporal Interference for Focal and Deep-Brain Stimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zonghao Xin ◽  
Akihiro Kuwahata ◽  
Shuang Liu ◽  
Masaki Sekino
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Neural Modulation ◽  
Stimulation Method ◽  
Deep Brain

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has been clinically applied for neural modulation. Conventional TMS systems are restricted by the trade-off between depth penetration and the focality of the induced electric field. In this study, we integrated the concept of temporal interference (TI) stimulation, which has been demonstrated as a non-invasive deep-brain stimulation method, with magnetic stimulation in a four-coil configuration. The attenuation depth and spread of the electric field were obtained by performing numerical simulation. Consequently, the proposed temporally interfered magnetic stimulation scheme was demonstrated to be capable of stimulating deeper regions of the brain model while maintaining a relatively narrow spread of the electric field, in comparison to conventional TMS systems. These results demonstrate that TI magnetic stimulation could be a potential candidate to recruit brain regions underneath the cortex. Additionally, by controlling the geometry of the coil array, an analogous relationship between the field depth and focality was observed, in the case of the newly proposed method. The major limitations of the methods, however, would be the considerable intensity and frequency of the input current, followed by the frustration in the thermal management of the hardware.

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