Oxidative stress and biochemical indicators in blood of patients addicted to alcohol treated for acute ethylene glycol poisoning

Ethylene glycol (EG), in addition to its neurotoxic and nephrotoxic effects, evokes oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the ethylene glycol on the biochemical indicators and oxidoreductive balance of patients treated for acute poisoning. The total study group consisted of 56 persons including 26 alcoholics who took EG as a substitute for ethyl alcohol in the course of alcohol dependence syndrome and 30 controls. Severity of poisoning, results of acid-base parameters, biochemical, and toxicological tests as well as biomarkers of the oxidative stress in blood were analyzed during the patients’ hospitalization. The key issue was to assess the oxidative stress and biochemical disturbances caused by EG and the type of treatment applied in the course of poisoning. Significant changes in some parameters were found both at time of diagnosis and after treatment initiation (ethanol as an antidote and hemodialysis). The most important differences included the activity of hepatic parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, AST) and oxidative stress markers like catalase (CAT); correlation of the lipid peroxidation products level (TBARS) with urea concentration has been shown. On the last day of the hospitalization, in some cases, the mutual correlation between the evaluated markers were observed, for example, between alanine transaminase (ALT) and glutathione reductase (GR), and urea concentration and glutathione level (GSH/GSSG). The concentration of ions (H+) had a major impact on the oxidoreductive balance, correlating with the elevated GR and GSH/GSSG levels.

A Case Report on Alcohol Dependence Syndrome with Cannabis Addiction

Background: Alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) and Cannabis use disorder (CUD) are every now and again co-happening or comorbid substance issues in the two young people and grown-ups. Indications of cross-over between ADS and CUD in people as they slowly move from pre-adulthood to adulthood. The researchers reasoned that the two substance-related issues are comorbid, albeit the closeness of their association ordinarily shifts over the long haul. Aim and Objective: The purpose of this case report is to determine the first-line approach for a person with alcohol dependence syndrome with cannabis addiction who has been referred to a public mental health facility for treatment. To identifying symptoms of ADS with cannabis addiction early, providing treatment and preventing possible complications. Methods: Knowledge used to write this case description was gathered from PubMed outlets, search hand, searching college and personal libraries looking for research techniques and case report texts, engaging in or writing many case reports with experience. Results: The patient was taken psychopharmacological treatment Anti- Anxiety drugs Lorazepam along with Tab. Benalgis, Tab. Neurobion fort and psycho social therapy, coping strategies, family therapy, yoga, cognitive behavioural therapy, medication. After those symptoms was minimized. Conclusion: Patients achieve positive outcomes not only through the support of their treatment management, but also through adaptation and family support. Then, with appropriate psychophysiological treatment, the patient gave a positive response and gradually all the planned goals were achieved. Finally, the patient was discharged and he is currently being monitored.

Association of polymorphic variants of genes (HTR2A, MTNR1A, MTNR1B, CLOCK, DRD2) and insomnia in alcohol dependence syndrome

The majority of patients with alcohol dependence syndrome suffer from sleep disorders, particularly insomnia, associated with a number of critical clinical aspects, increased suicide risk, anxiety and depression. The authors of relevant publications indicate associations between polymorphic melatonin genes and melatonin metabolism and symptoms of sleep disorders. However, the literature review failed to reveal any studies on the role of genetic polymorphism of circadian rhythm regulators in sleep disorders in patients with alcohol dependence.Objective: to determine the associations of polymorphic variants of genes HTR2A, MTNR1A, MTNR1B, CLOCK, DRD2 with sleep disorders risk in alcohol dependence syndrome.Patients and methods. 307 patients with alcohol dependence syndrome were screened, including 61 women (21%) and 246 (79%) men (mean age – 41.92±7.9 years). The presence and severity of sleep disorders were assessed by the Insomnia Severity Index. In addition, 10 ml of venous blood sample was obtained from all participants. Genotyping of single nucleotide variants of HTR2A (rs6313), MTNR1A (rs34532313), MTNR1B (rs10830963), CLOCK (rs1801260), DRD2 (rs1800497) genes was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using parametric and nonparametric methods.Results and discussion. The carriage of the *G allele of the polymorphic variant of the MTNR1B (rs10830963) gene, and its genotypes are associated with a greater risk of insomnia than the carriage of *С/*С genotype. The carriage of the *С allele of the polymorphic variant of the CLOCK (rs1801260) gene, as well as the *С/*Т genotype, are associated with the presence of sleep disorders. No associations between polymorphic variants of the HTR2A (rs6313), DRD2 (rs1800497) genes and insomnia risk were detected in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome.Conclusion. The found associations reveal prospects for future research on melatonin's role in the pathophysiology of sleep disorders in patients with alcohol dependence and pathogenetic therapy for insomnia.

Depression in Patients with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Alcohol dependence syndrome is an important and major public health issue seen in our community and health center. It is mostly associated with different mental health problems and psychiatric co-morbidities. This study aims to find out the prevalence of depression among alcohol dependence syndrome in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over one year from April 15, 2020, to February 15, 2021 at a tertiary care hospital. The ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee of Nobel Medical College (reference number: 409/2020). Convenience sampling method was used. The patients admitted for alcohol use and related problems in the Psychiatry Department, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar were included. Data entry was done using Microsoft Excel and statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Packages of Social Sciences Version 16.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage. Results: The prevalence of depression in patients with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome was 17 (16.3%) (95% Confidence Interval= 9.20-23.39) . The patients suffering from depressive disorder male and female were 16 (94.1%) and 1 (5.8%) respectively. The participants with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome with no other comorbid psychiatric disorders were found to be 60 (57.7%). Conclusions: Psychiatric comorbidity was found to be common in alcohol dependent people among which depression was found to be most common.

Prefrontal Cortex Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Treatment in Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (PreCoTTA): Study Protocol for a Double-Blind Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial

Background: Alcohol dependence is a significant public health problem, contributing to the global health burden. Due to its immense socio-economic burden, various psychosocial, psychological, and pharmacological approaches have attempted to alter the behaviour of the patient misusing or abusing alcohol, but their efficacy is modest at best. Therefore, there is a search for newer treatment approaches, including noninvasive brain stimulation in the management of alcohol dependence. We plan to study the efficacy of Prefrontal Cortex Transcranial direct current stimulation Treatment in Alcohol dependence syndrome (PreCoTTA). Methods: Two hundred twenty-five male patients with alcohol dependence syndrome will be randomized into the three study arms (2 active, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left orbitofrontal cortex, and 1 sham) to receive a total of 14 tDCS sessions (10 continuous and 4 booster sessions). Data will be collected from them at five different time points on clinical, neuropsychological and biochemical parameters. In addition, 225 healthy age and education matched controls will be administered the neuropsychological test battery at baseline for comparison with the patient group. Discussion: The proposed study aims to explore the use of non-invasive brain stimulation; tDCS as a treatment alternative. We also aim to overcome the methodological gaps of limited sample sizes, fewer tDCS intervention sessions, lack of long term follow ups to measure the sustainability of gains and lack comprehensive measures to track changes in functioning and abstinence after tDCS intervention. The main outcomes include clinical (reduction in cue-induced craving, time to first drink and QFI); neuropsychological (risk-taking, impulsivity, and other neuropsychological domains) and biochemical markers (BDNF, leptin and adiponectin). The findings of the study will have translational value as it may help to improve the clinician’s ability to effectively manage craving in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome. Furthermore, we will have a better understanding of the neuropsychological and biochemical effects of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques which are of interest in the comprehensive treatment of addiction disorders. Trial registration: The study has been registered with the Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI/2020/09/027582) on September 03rd 2020.

Association of alcohol dependence syndrome with clinical and psychological characteristics of suicidal behavior in individuals with organic mental disorders and aggressive behavior (moral and ethical features)

Purpose of the study: to study the association of alcohol dependence syndrome with the clinical and psychological characteristics of patients with organic mental disorders, aggressive behavior, and suicidal attempts. Materials and methods: we examined 842 patients with organic mental disorders, addictive disorders and aggressive behavior who made a suicide attempt from 1991 to 2018 in the Tyumen region, which were divided into two groups: 1) 421 patients who were diagnosed with an organic mental disorder (in categories F06.6, F06.7, F06. 8, F07.8): 201 men and 220 women; 2) 421 people with organic mental disorders of the above categories and alcohol dependence (F10.242, F10.252, F10.262): 208 men and 213 women. Results and discussion. According to the data of the clinical conversation, the structure of subjective indicators characterizing various disorders of the neuropsychiatric state was described in individuals with high and low levels of factors contributing to the development of suicidal behavior. When assessing the relative risk of factors contributing to the development of suicidal activity, when comparing the indicators of the clinical and mental status of men and women of the studied groups, a 95% confidence interval was determined: mood instability (1.34), psychosomatic complaints (1.03), sleep disorders (1.09), interpersonal interaction problems (1.02), psychopathic (1.48), depressive (1.11) reactions and self-esteem inadequacy (1.05). Conclusions: when comparing the indicators of the neuropsychiatric status in persons with organic mental disorders, aggressive behavior and addictive disorders who have committed suicide attempts, more than half (75.6%) of the examined persons revealed a high level of factors for the development of suicidal activity: 38.0% of women and 37.6% of men. Clinical and psychological parameters were significantly (p < 0.001) characterized by: mood instability (12.4%), difficulties in interpersonal interaction (11.6%), prenosological neurotic (8.5%), psychopathic (8.9%) and depressive (6.2%) reactions. The results obtained can be used to develop effective prevention and rehabilitation measures using digital resources.

THE USE OF IMPLICIT ASSOCIATIONS TEST FOR DIAGNOSING ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE

Alcohol dependence syndrome is a severe disease that affects not only the health but also the social functioning of a person and leads to dangerous consequences. Early diagnosis of this disease will help to minimize the damage. Objectives. To develop a method for diagnosing alcohol dependence syndrome by means of implicit associations test. Material and methods. The indices of passing the implicit associations test by 152 patients with the diagnosis «Alcohol dependence syndrome», who made up the control group, and those of 189 practically healthy volunteers were investigated. The statistical analysis was made in R 4.0.3 format. To build the model, multiple logistic regression was used, the quality of which was assessed using ROC analysis. The differences were considered statistically significant at p-value <0.05. Results. These values were used to build a logistic regression model. The resulting model has a high predictive power - sensitivity and specificity made up 90.32% and 67.74%, respectively, AUC (area under the curve) and Fmes (general characteristics of predictive power) were 88.06% and 83.17%, correspondingly. Conclusions. As a result of the work carried out, a highly sensitive method for diagnosing alcohol dependence syndrome using an implicit associations test has been developed, which can be used for screening and diagnosing, as well as for dynamic observation of patients with alcohol dependence syndrome.