scholarly journals Selection and Formulation of Endophytic Bacteria as Plant Resistance Elicitor against Wilt Disease of Tomato

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Arika Purnawati ◽  
Wiwik Harjani ◽  
Herry Nirwanto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease

<p>Wilt disease of <em>Solanaceae</em> caused by <em>Ralstonia solanacearum</em> reduce the crop quality and negatively affect the crop product. The objective of this research was to discover of endophytic bacteria formulation that effectively decreases bacterial which cause wilt disease on <em>Solanaceae</em>. The research consisted of purification of <em>Ralstonia solanacearum</em>, endophytic bacteria were obtained from the sample and the screening of endophytic bacteria using this following assay: antagonist assay, seedling assay and <em>in planta</em> assay. The results showed that in antagonist assay, the bacterial isolate code PS<sub>1</sub>, PS<sub>2</sub>, and PS<sub>8 </sub>could inhibit growth of <em>R. solanacearum. </em>From the seedling assay, it obtained that all of the isolates increased of percentage of germination, seed coating and powder formulation can decrease disease incidence of bacterial wilt disease.</p>

scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS IN INDUCING PLANT RESISTANCE ON GINGER AGAINST BACTERIAL WILT DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
SRI YUNI HARTATI ◽  
SUPRIADI SUPRIADI ◽  
SRI RAHAYUNINGSIH
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

ABSTRACT<br />Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most<br />destructive diseases on ginger. The aim of this study was to evaluate the<br />potential use of five different medicinal plants extracts (Acalypha indica,<br />Andrographis paniculata, Centella asiatica, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, and<br />Spinosa oleracea) as sources of plant resistance inducer compounds<br />(elicitor) against bacterial wilt disease on ginger. Salicylic acid was used<br />as a standard synthetical compound, as well as, water as a control<br />treatment. The study was conducted at the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal<br />Crops Research Institute, Bogor in 2010-2011. Research was conducted in<br />Completely Randomized Design that consisted of 7 treatments, 3<br />replicates, and 10 plants/ replicate. Ginger seeds were planted in a mixture<br />of soil and manure in polybags. One-month old ginger plants were sprayed<br />or drenched with each of the medicinal plant extract before and after R.<br />solanacearum inoculation. This experiment indicated that the medicinal<br />plant extracts tested were effective in reducing wilt disease incidence on<br />ginger. Their effectiveness varied depended on the plant species and the<br />application method used. Among those five medicinal plant extracts tested,<br />A. indica, A. paniculata, and C. xanthorrhiza were the most stable and<br />effective.  Their  effectiveness  were  comparable  with  the  standard<br />compound of salicylic acid. This finding indicated that A. indica, A.<br />paniculata, and C. xanthorrhiza were potentially used as sources of<br />botanical elicitor compounds. The use of those medicinal plant extracts as<br />sources of botanical elicitor, hopefully could increase ginger resistance and<br />rhizome production, as well as reduce the use of synthetic pesticides.<br />Keywords:  Medicinal  plant  extracts,  elicitor  compounds,  induced<br />resistance, ginger, wilt disease<br />ABSTRAK<br />Layu  bakteri  yang  disebabkan  oleh  Ralstonia  solanacearum<br />merupakan salah satu penyakit yang merusak tanaman jahe. Penelitian ini<br />bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi lima jenis ekstrak tanaman obat<br />(akar kucing, sambiloto, pegagan, temulawak, dan bayam duri) sebagai<br />sumber senyawa penginduksi ketahanan (elisitor) tanaman jahe terhadap<br />penyakit layu. Pada penelitian ini digunakan asam salisilat sebagai<br />senyawa sintetik standard dan air sebagai perlakuan kontrol. Penelitian<br />dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor pada<br />tahun  2010-2011.  Percobaan  dilaksanakan  dengan  menggunakan<br />rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas 7 perlakuan, 3 ulangan, dan 10<br />tanaman/ ulangan. Rimpang jahe ditanam pada media campuran tanah dan<br />pupuk kandang di dalam polibeg. Jahe umur satu bulan disemprot atau<br />disiram dengan ekstrak tanaman obat sebelum dan setelah diinokulasi R.<br />solanacearum. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa ekstrak tanaman<br />obat yang diuji efektif dapat mengurangi kejadian penyakit layu pada<br />tanaman jahe. Efektivitas dari tanaman tersebut bervariasi tergantung dari<br />spesies tanaman dan cara aplikasinya. Diantara kelima tanaman obat yang<br />diuji, akar kucing, sambiloto, dan temulawak paling stabil dan efektif<br />dalam mengurangi terjadinya penyakit layu. Efektivitas dari ketiga<br />tanaman obat tersebut sama dengan senyawa asam salisilat. Hasil<br />penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akar kucing, sambiloto, dan temulawak<br />berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai sumber senyawa elisitor botanis.<br />Penggunaan  ekstrak tanaman  obat  sebagai  sumber  elisitor  botanis<br />diharapkan dapat meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman dan produksi jahe<br />serta mengurangi penggunaan pestisida sintetik.<br />Kata kunci: Ekstrak tanaman, senyawa elisitor, induksi ketahanan, jahe,<br />penyakit layu.

scholarly journals The Abilities of Endophytic and Biofertilizing Bacteria and Their Combinations to Suppress Bacterial Wilt Disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) of Chili

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Istifadaha ◽  
Dewi Nurma Yanti Ningtyasb ◽  
Pujawati Suryatmana ◽  
Betty Natalie Fitriatin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Method

Bacterial wilt disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) is one of the most important diseases in Solanaceae, including chili. Biological control is one of environmentally-friendly method for controlling plant diseases. Microbes that are potential as biological control agents include bacterial endophytes and bacteria that are usually used as biofertilizer. This paper discusses the result of the study that examined the abilities of endophytic and biofertilizing bacteria solely or in combination to suppress bacterial wilt disease (R. solanacearum). The endophytic bacteria isolates tested were Lysinibacillus sp. and Bacillus subtilis, while biofertilizing bacteria used were N-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chrococcum) and P-solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas cepacea). The results showed that the endophytic bacteria, biofertilizing bacteria and their combination inhibited wilt disease incidence in chili by 46.7-80 %. The highest disease suppression (80 %) showed by the endophytic bacteria, B. subtilis. This endophyte was also able to promote a significant chili growth. Keywords: Ralstonia solanacearum, Endophytic bacteria, Biofertilizer, Biological control, Chili.

scholarly journals The RSc0454-Encoded FAD-Linked Oxidase Is Indispensable for Pathogenicity in Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-707
Author(s):  
Xun Hu ◽  
Zhiwen Zhao ◽  
Tao Zhuo ◽  
Xiaojing Fan ◽  
Huasong Zou
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Cell Aggregation ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Dehydrogenase Gene

Ralstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of bacterial wilt disease. Here, we report that a large FAD-linked oxidase encoded by RSc0454 in GMI1000 is required for pathogenicity. The FAD-linked oxidase encoded by RSc0454 is composed of 1,345 amino acids, including DUF3683, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) domains. The RSc0454 protein showed both LDH and SDH activities. To investigate its role in pathogenicity, a deletion mutant of the RSc0454 gene was constructed in GMI1000, which was impaired in its ability to cause bacterial wilt disease in tomato. A single DUF3683, LDH, or SDH domain was insufficient to restore bacterial pathogenicity. Mutagenesis of the RSc0454 gene did not affect growth rate but caused cell aggregation at the bottom of the liquid nutrient medium, which was reversed by exogenous applications of lactate, fumarate, pyruvate, and succinate. qRT-PCR and promoter LacZ fusion experiments demonstrated that RSc0454 gene transcription was induced by lactate and fumarate (both substrates of LDH). Compared with the downregulation of the succinate dehydrogenase gene sdhBADC and the lactate dehydrogenase gene ldh, RSc0454 gene transcription was enhanced in planta. This suggests that the oxidase encoded by RSc0454 was involved in a redox balance, which is in line with the different living conditions of R. solanacearum.

Evaluation of seed associated endophytic bacteria from tolerant chilli cv. Firingi Jolokia for their biocontrol potential against bacterial wilt disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 126751
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Dowarah ◽  
Heena Agarwal ◽  
Debasish B Krishnatreya ◽  
Pankaj Losan Sharma ◽  
Nilamjyoti Kalita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

scholarly journals Ralstonia solanacearum Needs Motility for Invasive Virulence on Tomato

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (12) ◽  
pp. 3597-3605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Tans-Kersten ◽  
Huayu Huang ◽  
Caitilyn Allen
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Virulence Assay ◽  
Flagellar Filament

ABSTRACT Ralstonia solanacearum, a widely distributed and economically important plant pathogen, invades the roots of diverse plant hosts from the soil and aggressively colonizes the xylem vessels, causing a lethal wilting known as bacterial wilt disease. By examining bacteria from the xylem vessels of infected plants, we found thatR. solanacearum is essentially nonmotile in planta, although it can be highly motile in culture. To determine the role of pathogen motility in this disease, we cloned, characterized, and mutated two genes in the R. solanacearum flagellar biosynthetic pathway. The genes for flagellin, the subunit of the flagellar filament (fliC), and for the flagellar motor switch protein (fliM) were isolated based on their resemblance to these proteins in other bacteria. As is typical for flagellins, the predicted FliC protein had well-conserved N- and C-terminal regions, separated by a divergent central domain. The predicted R. solanacearum FliM closely resembled motor switch proteins from other proteobacteria. Chromosomal mutants lackingfliC or fliM were created by replacing the genes with marked interrupted constructs. Since fliM is embedded in the fliLMNOPQR operon, the aphAcassette was used to make a nonpolar fliM mutation. Both mutants were completely nonmotile on soft agar plates, in minimal broth, and in tomato plants. The fliC mutant lacked flagella altogether; moreover, sheared-cell protein preparations from the fliC mutant lacked a 30-kDa band corresponding to flagellin. The fliM mutant was usually aflagellate, but about 10% of cells had abnormal truncated flagella. In a biologically representative soil-soak inoculation virulence assay, both nonmotile mutants were significantly reduced in the ability to cause disease on tomato plants. However, the fliC mutant had wild-type virulence when it was inoculated directly onto cut tomato petioles, an inoculation method that did not require bacteria to enter the intact host from the soil. These results suggest that swimming motility makes its most important contribution to bacterial wilt virulence in the early stages of host plant invasion and colonization.

scholarly journals ISOLASI DAN UJI KEMAMPUAN BAKTERIOFAG SEBAGAI AGENS PENGENDALI PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI (Ralstonia solanacearum) PADA TANAMAN TOMAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
Fery Abdul Choliq ◽  
Mintarto Martosudiro ◽  
Istiqomah Istiqomah ◽  
Muhammad Fanhash Nijami
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Bacteriophage Infection

Tomato is the top priority in the development of horticultural crops. The obstacle which mostly encountered is Ralstonia solanacearum pathogen attack. Bacteriophage can cause bacterial lysis after they they develop themselves inside the bacteria. The specific of the bacteriophage can provide result quickly, accurately, and efficiently so that it can be used as an alternative to control bacterial wilt disease R. solanacearum environmentally friendly. This study aims to find out the effectiveness of bacteriophage to control the bacterial wilt disease R. solanacearum. The testing method are plaque assay, bacteriophage infections test in various dilutions, bacteriophage infection test in a liquid medium, and transmission electron microscopy test. In the greenhouse scale testing using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Quantitative data were analyzed using analysis of variance 5% error level and followed by least significant different  test level of 5%. The results showed that bacteriophages can infect R. solanacearum. Bacteriophage can infect bacteria R. solanacearum indicated by the appearance of plaques in NA media, the declining value of absorbance spectophotometer, and can lyse bacterial cells from dilutions 10-1 to 10-9. The morphology of bacteriophages that infect R. solanacearum have hexagonal head structure and it have which is with a size of 200 nm. In the greenhouse scale showed that the symptoms of R. solanacearum appear at 29 days after inoculation. Application of bacteriophages can control R. solanacearum with lower percentage than the control treatment.

scholarly journals Streptomyces sp.: Characterization, Identification and Its Potential as a Ralstonia solanacearum Biological Control Agent in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachmad Saputra ◽  
Triwidodo Arwiyanto ◽  
Arif Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Wide Range

Streptomyces sp. bacteria have the potential to produce antibiotic compounds, which are one of the mechanisms that are widely used in biological control. However, in general, biological control mechanisms also occur through competition, cell wall degradation and induced resistance. This study was aimed to determine the physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of two isolates of Streptomyces sp. (S-4 and S16 isolates) isolated from the tomatoes roots, and to find out their ability to control Ralstonia solanacearum, which causes bacterial wilt disease on a wide range of hosts. The results showed both Streptomyces sp. isolates had several different physiological and biochemical characteristics and had a different ability to inhibit R. solanacearum in vitro. Streptomyces sp. S-16 isolate had a high similarity with Streptomyces diastaticus subsp. ardesiacus strain NRRL B-1773T based on the molecular identification results. Further research needs to be done to see the potential inhibition of the two Streptomyces isolates in inhibiting the development of bacterial wilt disease in tomato plants caused by R. solanacearum.

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