scholarly journals STATUS HUKUM KONTRAKTOR PRIVATE MILITARY AND PRIVATE SECURITY COMPANIES DALAM HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefriani ,
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Private Security Companies

<p>Abstract<br />Post- cold war the number ofmilitary privatization has been raising with many role in .This raises legal problemrelated to the legal status of PMSCs contractors. The method used is a normative legal research with statute approach, the historical approach, conceptual approach, as well as the comparative approach. Results of the study are presented in the form of descriptive analysis. The study concluded that generally the contractors are civilian unless and during they aredirectlyparticipatein thehostilities.<br /><em>Key world: PMSCs contractor; legal status; direct participation</em></p><p>Abstrak<br />Pasca perang dingin terjadi peningkatan privatisasi militer dengan banyaknya penggunaan kontraktor Private Military and Securites Companies PMSCs untuk berbagai peran di wilayah-wilayah konflik. Hal ini menimbulkan masalah hukum terkait status hukum kontraktor tersebut mengingat belum jelasnya aturan yang ada.Metode penelitianyang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan statute approach, historical, conceptual dan comparative approach yang disajikan secara deskriptif analitis. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah bahwa secara umum dikatakan kontraktor PMSc adalah civilian yang berhak atas perlindungan dari penyerangan langsung kecuali dan selama mereka ambil bagian<br />langsung dalam permusuhan..<br /><em>Kata kunci: kontraktor PMSCs, status hukum, partisipasi langsung</em></p>

scholarly journals STATUS HUKUM KONTRAKTOR PRIVATE MILITARY AND PRIVATE SECURITY COMPANIES DALAM HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefriani
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Private Security Companies

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>Post- cold war the number ofmilitary privatization has been raising with many role in .This raises legal problemrelated to the legal status of PMSCs contractors. The method used is a normative legal research with statute approach, the historical approach, conceptual approach, as well as the comparative approach. Results of the study are presented in the form of descriptive analysis. The study concluded that generally the contractors are civilian unless and during they aredirectlyparticipatein thehostilities.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key world: </em></strong><em>PMSCs contractor; legal status; direct participation</em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Pasca perang dingin terjadi peningkatan privatisasi militer dengan banyaknya penggunaan kontraktor <em>Private Military and Securites </em>Companies PMSCs untuk berbagai peran di wilayah-wilayah konflik. Hal ini menimbulkan masalah hukum terkait status hukum kontraktor tersebut mengingat belum jelasnya aturan yang ada.Metode penelitianyang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan <em>statute approach</em>, <em>historical</em>, c<em>onceptual </em>dan <em>comparative approach </em>yang disajikan secara deskriptif analitis. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah bahwa secara umum dikatakan kontraktor PMSc adalah civilian yang berhak atas perlindungan dari penyerangan langsung kecuali dan selama mereka ambil bagian langsung dalam permusuhan..</p><p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>kontraktor PMSCs, status hukum, partisipasi langsung</p>

scholarly journals Paradigma Keadilan Restoratif Dalam Putusan Hakim

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Diah Ratna Sari Hariyanto ◽  
Dewa Gede Pradnya Yustiawan
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Legal Decisions ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Procedure Code

Discriminatory treatments of judges have dominated the reports to the Judicial Commission. Injustice, in fact, is one of the lowest value attitudes of judges according to Judicial Commission assessment results. Indeed, showing justice is not easy for judges but to date in its development appears restorative justice that provides justice for all parties. Its future existence and response are interesting to be criticized. Based on this, the purpose of this study is to examine the paradigm of restorative justice in making legal decisions of judges on legal cases and the construction of the judges’ decisions which are paradigmatic in Restorative Justice. This research uses normative legal research with four types of approaches, which are case approach, legislative approach, conceptual approach, historical approach, and comparative approach. The results of the study show the restorative justice paradigm prioritizing restoration or amelioration will seek to provide justice, certainty and usefulness of the law, as well as realize progressive and responsive laws, and this makes it appropriate to be used as a judge’s paradigm in deciding a case. In constructing restorative justice-based judges’ decisions, judges do only make decisions based on the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), but substantially, through the restorative justice paradigm the judges will consider justice for all parties (victims, perpetrators of crime, and the public). Judges do not make decisions based on retributive or retaliation goals but hold on to the values, concepts, principles, and basics of restorative justice prioritizing restoration or amelioration of the parties, meeting the needs of the parties, and prioritizing expediency.   Discriminatory treatments of judges have dominated the reports to the Judicial Commission. Injustice, in fact, is one of the lowest value attitudes of judges according to Judicial Commission assessment results. Indeed, showing justice is not easy for judges but to date in its development appears restorative justice that provides justice for all parties. Its future existence and response are interesting to be criticized. Based on this, the purpose of this study is to examine the paradigm of restorative justice in making legal decisions of judges on legal cases and the construction of the judges’ decisions which are paradigmatic in Restorative Justice. This research uses normative legal research with four types of approaches, which are case approach, legislative approach, conceptual approach, historical approach, and comparative approach. The results of the study show the restorative justice paradigm prioritizing restoration or amelioration will seek to provide justice, certainty and usefulness of the law, as well as realize progressive and responsive laws, and this makes it appropriate to be used as a judge’s paradigm in deciding a case. In constructing restorative justice-based judges’ decisions, judges do only make decisions based on the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), but substantially, through the restorative justice paradigm the judges will consider justice for all parties (victims, perpetrators of crime, and the public). Judges do not make decisions based on retributive or retaliation goals but hold on to the values, concepts, principles, and basics of restorative justice prioritizing restoration or amelioration of the parties, meeting the needs of the parties, and prioritizing expediency.    

scholarly journals The Position of Constitutional Complaint in the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Agsel Awanisa ◽  
Yusdianto Yusdianto ◽  
Siti Khoiriah
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Case Number

The purpose of this research is to determine the constitutional complaint mechanism based on comparisons in other countries, practices, and adaptation of constitutional complaints under the authority of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. Many cases with constitutional complaint substance have been submitted to the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia even though they don’t have this authority. This research uses a normative legal research method using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, a comparative approach, and a case approach. This research indicates that the constitutional complaint mechanism in Germany, South Korea, and South Africa has been well implemented. In practice, cases with constitutional complaint substance are filed to the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia by changing the form by using the legal means of a judicial review, such as case number 16/PUU-VI/ 2008, case number 140/PUU-XIII/2015 and case number 102/PUU-VII/2009. Due to the consideration of the structure, substance, and culture of law, adaptation of constitutional complaint within the authority of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia needs to be carried out by amending Law Number 24 of 2003 jo. Law Number 7 of 2020 concerning the Constitutional Court.

INTERGARASI FILSAFAT PANCASILA DAN BINEKATUNGGAL IKA DALAM PENANGGULANGAN KEJAHATAN KRIMINALITAS PELAJAR DAN MAHASISWA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-287
Author(s):  
Dewi Iriani ◽  
Arif Budiono ◽  
St. Hadijah Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach

ABSTRAK: Filsafat pancasila bersemboyan pada Bineka Tunggal Ika (berbeda-beda tetap satu), namun sangat disayangkan begitu indahnya makna dan arti dari Pancasila dan Bineka Tunggal Ika. Menlunturnya makna tersebut telah lah luntur maknanya, dikarenaka banyaknya kasus-kasus kekerasan oleh oknum pelajar sekolah dan mahasiswa yang melakukan kriminalitas klitih, bully, narkoba, terorisme, ausila. artikel ini akan mengangkat kajian Intergarasi Filsafat Pancasila dan Binekatunggal Ika Dalam Penanggulangan Kejahatan Kriminalitas Pelajar Dan Mahasiswa. Maka permasalahan yang diangkat 1) Bagaimana intergrasi filsafat Pancasila dan Bineka Tunggal Ika dikalangan pelajar dan mahasiswa? 2) Bagaiman cara Penanggulangan Kriminalitas oleh Pelajar dan Mahasiswa? Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum (legal research) merupakan penelitian hukum dengan empat pendekatan yaitu pendekatan peraturan perundang – undangan (statutory approach) yakni Pendekatan kasus (case approach) pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) dengan kasus bully, kasus terorisme, kasus narkoba, kasus asusila, kasus klitih.d dengan pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach) dengan membandingkan anatara teori hukum, hukum pidana, sistem peradilan anak, filsafat pancasila dan Bineka Tunggal Ika sebagai  pisau analisisnya  Hasil yang diperoleh 1) Menerapkan nilai nilai pancasila Bineka Tunggal Ika berdasarkan Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa, Kemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab, persatuan Indonesia, kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam permusyawaratan / perwakilan, Persatuan Indonesia dalam prilaku kehidupan sehari-hari.Menghidupkan kembali dengan menganti mata kuliah atau mata pelajaran (PKN) Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan dengan mata pelajaran / mata kuliah (PMP) tingkat playgrup sampai perguruan tinggi. Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) terkait tindak penganiayaan. 2) Jika pelakunya adalah mahasiswa yang sudah dewasa maka akan dikenakan sesuai dengan KUHP dan undang-undnag yang berlaku, namun jika pelakuknya masih dibawah umur Perundang-undangan tersebut menjadi lex specialis (kekhususan) tindakan yang terjadi karena para pelaku masih di bawah umur. Perlunya kerjasama antara kampus dan sekolah dengan pemerintah, psikologi, kepolisan

The New World Order and the General Assembly: Bloc Realignment at the UN in the Post-Cold War World

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven K. Holloway ◽  
Rodney Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
New World ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
World Order ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
New World Order ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Scaling Analyses ◽  
The Cold War

AbstractThe demise of the Cold War and greater cooperation among the Security Council's permanent members have created a situation frequently characterized as a New World Order at the United Nations. This study examines whether that characterization can also be applied to the politics of the UN General Assembly. Using descriptive analysis of roll-call votes, the authors find that recent sessions, and in particular the 46th session, witnessed the end of a fairly stable decade of voting blocs in the General Assembly. An indicator of vote changing is developed which documents the rapid movement of the former Warsaw Pact members and Baltic states towards more western European positions. Hierarchical cluster and multidimensional scaling analyses are employed to identify the emerging voting alliances. The results suggest that the accommodation has not been as widespread in the General Assembly and that our longstanding conceptualizations of east/west/north/south polarizations are in need of revision.

PENYELEWENGAN TUJUAN PENDIRIAN BADAN USAHA PENUNJANG KEGIATAN OLEH LEMBAGA YAYASAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG YAYASAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Bayu Brahmantya
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Real Effect ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Article 5

This research is entitled "Misappropriation of Establishment Objectives of Supporting Business Activities by Foundation Institutions in Foundation Law Perspectives." The background of this research is the opportunity to misuse Foundation institutions that can occur because the Foundation can carry out business activities to achieve the aims and objectives of establishing the Foundation with how to set up a business entity or participate in a business entity. Article 5 of the Foundation Law stipulates that the wealth of the Foundation, including the proceeds of the Foundation's business activities, is the full wealth of the Foundation to be used to achieve the aims and objectives of the Foundation. Criminal provisions against violations of the Article are regulated in Article 70 of the Foundation Law, for those who violate the provisions of imprisonment for a maximum of 5 (five) years and are obliged to return it. Article 6 of the Foundation Law is used as a shield against the prohibition. This study focuses on two legal issues, namely, how is the Foundation's business activities to obtain profits as capital in managing the Foundation according to the Foundation Law? And what about sanctions for misappropriation of a Foundation's business activities according to the Foundation Law? The research method used in analyzing legal issues in this study is the normative legal research method. This normative legal research is carried out using the statutory approach, the historical approach to the comparative approach. Based on the analysis, it is known that the Foundation Law uses the method of prevention by including provisions that do not allow or at least, complicating the misuse of the foundation by the organs of the Foundation. However, in the Foundation Law there is a legal obscurity that affects the attitude and quantity of non-compliance and has a real effect on legal behavior, including the behavior of lawbreakers. Keywords: Foundation, Criminal, Business Entity, Misappropriation.

scholarly journals Cyber Espionage Sebagai Ancaman Terhadap Pertahanan Dan Keamanan Negara Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
Evi Dwi Hastri
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Cyber Defense ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Cyber Espionage ◽  
The Stability

This research aims to analyze the norms that have a blur (Vague Norm) against Cyber Espionage related to Indonesia's legal ability to accommodate Cyber Espionage attacks. In addition, this study also aims to analyze Indonesia's efforts to overcome the Cyber Espionage attack that could threaten the stability of national defense and security. The type of research in the legal research method used is normative juridical with three problem approaches, namely the Statute Approach, Conceptual Approach, and Comparative Approach. Primary and secondary legal materials that have been collected will be processed through deductive methods and an analysis of legal materials is carried out, namely by systematic interpretation and extentive interpretation. So based on the results of the discussion, then there is a Vague Norm about Cyber Espionage that affects Indonesian law in accommodating. The efforts taken by Indonesia to deal with Cyber Espionage outside of juridical efforts began with the preventive efforts of Cyber Security and Cyber Defense, optimizing the role of the TNI, BIN, and POLRI as national resources in defending the country's defense.

scholarly journals Prinsip Proporsionalitas dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang Terhadap UUD NRI 1945 (Studi Perbandingan di Indonesia dan Jerman)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1479
Author(s):  
Irene Angelita Rugian
Keyword(s):  
General Principle ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
Test Norms ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality

AbstractIn several decisions that have been decided by the Mahkamah Konstitusi, some of the judges considerations only test norms with benchmarks contrary to the UUD NRI 1945 or not? However, MK has not tested the basis of the petition itself, there are limitation of rights, open legal policy, and the real harm felt by the petitioner. Therefore, it is necessary to have a principle of proportionality that can be used by judges to assist in deciding cases related to limiting rights and open legal policy. In order to know the concept of the principle of proportionality, it is necessary to conduct a comparative study between Indonesia and Germany by analyzing the concept and development of this principle. The method used is legal research with a statute approach, a case approach, a comparative approach and a conceptual approach. From the results of these studies, it was found that the principle of proportionality in Germany was well conceptualized and developed rapidly. In fact, this principle has become a general principle in the Germany Federal Constitutional Court. Meanwhile in Indonesia, this principle is still unknown and undeveloped like Germany.Keywords: The Principle of Proportionality; Legitimate Aim; Suitability; Neccesity; Balancing in Narrow Sense.AbstrakDalam beberapa putusan yang telah diputus oleh MK, beberapa pertimbangan hakim hanya menguji norma dengan tolak ukur bertentangan dengan UUD NRI 1945 atau tidak? Namun, MK belum menguji sampai kepada dasar dari permohonan itu sendiri, yaitu pembatasan hak, open legal policy, dan kerugian yang nyata dirasakan oleh pemohon. Maka dari itu, perlu adanya prinsip proporsionalitas yang dapat digunakan para hakim untuk membantu memutus perkara yang berkaitan dengan pembatasan hak dan open legal policy. Agar mengetahui konsep dari prinsip proporsionalitas, maka perlu melakukan studi perbandingan antara Indonesia dan Jerman dengan menganalisis konsep dan perkembangan prinsip tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah legal research dengan pendekatan statute approach, case approach, comparative approach dan conceptual appoach. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa prinsip proporsionalitas di Jerman telah terkonsep dengan baik dan berkembang dengan pesat. Bahkan prinsip tersebut telah menjadi prinsip umum dalam Germany Federal Constitutional Court. Sedangkan di Indonesia, prinsip tersebut masih belum dikenal oleh MK. Sehingga, proporsionalitas belum memiliki konsep yang jelas dan tidak berkembang seperti negara Jerman.Kata Kunci: Prinsip Proporsionalitas; Legitimate Aim; Suitability; Neccesity; Balancing in Narrow Sense.

scholarly journals POSSIBILITY TO CORRECT THE FREEDOM OF SPEECH IN INDONESIAN LAW: COMPARISON BETWEEN SINGAPORE LAW AND INDONESIAN LAW ON BROADCASTING

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Dian Narwastuty ◽  
Christian Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Legal Sanction ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fear Of Retaliation

Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction. This principle is one of the Human Rights principles that are necessary for the progress of humanity itself. But its existence has always triggered a dispute because of the abuse of the right. The abuse of the rights consists of Hate Speech and Hoaxes. This research is normative legal research that uses a comparative approach and conceptual approach. And also, this research will compare the Freedom of Speech and Broadcasting laws in Indonesia and Singapore, especially law in the broadcasting sector. Theoretically, the benefits of this research are to answer the problem of correcting Freedom of Speech, especially in broadcasting law. Practically, it is helpful for society to know much more about hate speech and hoaxes also the possibility to correct the broadcasting law in Indonesia based on the same regulation in Singapore.

scholarly journals KEDUDUKAN HUKUM ANAK ANGKAT TERHADAP HARTA WARIS ORANG TUA MENURUT HUKUM POSITIF

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Joejoen Tjahjani
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Historical Approach

Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian lapangan dengan permasalahan yang akan dibahas yaitu, Bagaimana pengangkatan anak menurut Peratuan Pemerintah No 54 Tahun 2007? dan Bagaimana kedudukan harta waris orang tua terhadap anak angkat menurut Hukum Positif?Untuk menjawab permasalahan di atas penulis menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif (hukum normatif), yaitu suatu langkah atau prosedur penelitian ilmiah untuk menemukan kebenaran berdasarkan logika keilmuan hukum dari sisi normatifnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan kasus (case approach), pendekatan historis (historical approach), pendekatan komparatif (comparative approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa, Menurut PP No. 54 Tahun 2007 mengatur tentang Tata Cara sahnya pengangkatan anak yang harus menempuh jalur formal. Eksistensi dari pada PP tersebut juga mengenal pengangkatan anak secara adat istiadat masayarakat setempat, disamping pengangkatan anak secara undang-undang. Sehingga kedudukan anak yang diangkat secara adat juga diakui secara sah. Sedangkan Kedudukan anak angkat menurut hukum positif tetap sebagai anak angkat yang sah berdasarkan keputusan pengadilan dengan tidak memutuskan hubungan nasab dengan orang tua kandungnya. Untuk Kedudukan Anak Angkat Terhadap Harta Waris Orang Tua menurut Hukum Positif alangkah baiknya orang tua angkat memberi hak yang sama terhadap anak angkat termasuk juga mengenahi kesamaan hak dan kewajiban yang dimiliki oleh anak angkat dalam warisan harta orang tua.Keywords : Anak Angkat, Harta Waris, Hukum Positif

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