Human Body Dynamics Detection of Shock Absorption and Rebound Ability of Specialized Athletic Shoes

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Chia-Yeong Lin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Shock Absorption ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Dynamics ◽  
Athletic Shoes ◽  
Overall Performance

For those who love sports, not only appearance but also functionality are important considerations in the design of athletic shoes. This is a study done on 12 subjects on a college fencing team and other sports teams. The subjects wear experimental specialized athletic shoes, including fencing shoes and other similar athletic shoes. Five kinds of shoes, fencing shoes plus four other similar types of athletic shoes, were examined for their shock absorption and rebound capacities. No significant difference between was found among them in the lunge test. However, there were significant differences between the two types of shoes in the 15 cm and 35 cm jump-down tests and extra heel support silicone gaskets in the fencing-like shoes tests. The fencing shoes proved to be the worst in terms of rebound ability in the 35 cm jump-down test. The fencing shoes had the best shock absorption but the worst rebound ability. In terms of overall performance, fencing shoes had the best shock absorption capacity. It is advisable for fencing shoes to be required during fencing training and at tournaments, but the severity of bounces, jumps, and squats should be lowered to avoid damage to the heel.

A Comparison of Four Adolescent Language Tests

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jane Lieberman ◽  
Ann Marie C. Heffron ◽  
Stephanie J. West ◽  
Edward C. Hutchinson ◽  
Thomas W. Swem
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Significant Discrepancy ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sixth Grade Students ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Selection Of

Four recently developed adolescent language tests, the Fullerton Test for Adolescents (FLTA), the Test of Adolescent Language (TOAL), the Clinical Evaluation of Language Functions (CELF), and the Screening Test of Adolescent Language (STAL), were compared to determine: (a) whether they measured the same language skills (content) in the same way (procedures); and (b) whether students performed similarly on each of the tests. First, respective manuals were reviewed to compare selection of subtest content areas and subtest procedures. Then, each of the tests was administered according to standardized procedures to 30 unselected sixth-grade students. Despite apparent differences in test content and procedures, there was no significant difference in students' performance on three of the four tests, and correlations among test performance were moderate to high. A comparison of the pass/fail rates for overall performance on the tests, however, revealed a significant discrepancy between the proportions of students identified in need of further evaluation on the STAL (20%) and the proportion diagnosed as language impaired on the three diagnostic tests (60-73%). Clinical implications are discussed.

The Baby Shark (Songs Heard Affecting Resuscitation Kinetics) study

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjstel-2020-000657
Author(s):  
Rebecca Singer ◽  
Grace Leo ◽  
Tessa Davis ◽  
Ben Lawton ◽  
Henry Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Target Zone ◽  
Compression Depth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Training Exercises ◽  
And Control ◽  
Musical Cues

Previous research has examined the utilisation of musical cues to improve the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) delivered in training environments. We postulated a musical cue that is both contemporary and transcends cultures may improve CPR performance. Our aim was to establish whether chest compressions are performed with improved rate and depth if a song of a fixed beat (PinkFong’s ‘Baby Shark’ with a tempo of 115 beats per minute (bpm) and 15 beats in each verse) is played to a healthcare professional immediately before undertaking CPR compared to whale noises (a non-metronomic rhythm). 58 Participants of a paediatric conference (majority doctors) were randomly assigned to listen to a minute of Baby Shark (28) or whale song (30) and then undertake a minute of CPR. There was no significant difference in the mean compression rate between the Baby Shark and control groups, with the groups achieving 121 and 125 bpm, respectively (p=0.18). In relation to compression depth within the target zone, the Baby Shark group had more compressions completed within the target zone (55%) than the control group (39%) although this difference was not significant (p=0.08). Listening to Baby Shark prior to undertaking simulated CPR does not improve overall performance, but there is a potential tendency to improve adequate compression depth which may be beneficial in training exercises.

scholarly journals Age-related changes in shock absorption capacity of the human spinal column

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 987-993
Author(s):  
Grażyna Brzuszkiewicz-Kuźmicka ◽  
Jan Szczegielniak ◽  
Dawid Bączkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Column ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Shock Absorption ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Effects of Fermented Maize Residue Addition on the Physico-chemical and Sensory Properties of Chin-Chin

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Owuno Friday ◽  
Achinewu Simeon Chituru
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pasting Temperature

Chin-Chin, a traditional Nigerian snack was prepared utilizing wheat-fermented maize residue composite flour at 0 – 30% replacement levels. Effects of this addition on the functional and pasting properties of the flour composite was evaluated. The snack produced was also evaluated for its sensory attributes, proximate composition and invitro-protein digestibility (IVPD). Functional properties results showed an increase in water absorption capacity (WAC), a decrease in oil absorption capacity (OAC), decrease in Bulk Density (BD), swelling power and solubility index with residue addition. Pasting property results showed a drop in the value of peak, trough, breakdown and final viscosity with substitution while set back viscosity increased.Peak temperature decreased, but values for pasting temperature showed no significant difference between the control and the blends. Results for sensory evaluation showed equal preference for overall acceptability. Proximate composition results showed residue addition led to an increase in crude fibre and protein content with a drop in the carbohydrate value. Residue addition did not increase protein digestibility. Addition of fermented maize residue in chin-chin production can be another way of utilizing the fibre rich by-product of the production of fermented maize starch.

scholarly journals Quality Characteristics of Biscuits Produced from Composite Flour of Sweet Potato and Cashew Nut Flour Blends

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
O. O. Tanko ◽  
T. O. Hussaina ◽  
N. S. Donaldben
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Spread Ratio ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Flour Blends

The research is aimed at adding value to sweet potato based biscuits using underutilized crops such as cashew nuts. The objective of the study was to add value to sweet potato based biscuits, the sweet potato was processed into flour; while the cashew nuts was unroasted cashew nuts were sorted to remove the stones, dirt’s and unwholesome cashew nuts, roasted, shelled, dried, peeled and processed into flour and sieved. The cashew nuts flour was substituted at 20, 30, 40 and 50% into sweet potato flour to produce sweet potato and cashew nuts composite flour were  used for the production of biscuits. Functional, proximate composition of the biscuits, physical and sensory properties of composite biscuits were determined. Significance difference (P<0.05) was observed Bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling capacity, emulsion activity, foaming stability and gelatinization temperature increased from 0.62 to 0.73 g/cm3, 1.31 to 1.81 g/g, 2.10 to 2.22 g/g, 6.42 to 7.18 ml, 59.71 to 60.51%, 6.19 to 6.43% and 68.20 to 72.10ºC, respectively with an increase in the addition of cashew nuts flour. The crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and ash increase from 14.65 to 18.31%, 7.88 to 10.21%, 3.21 to 3.51% and 4.10 to 4.76% respectively; while the moisture and carbohydrate content of the biscuits decreased from 13.77 to 13.31% and 56.39 to 49.89%, respectively with increase in the addition of the cashew nuts flour. The physical properties of the composite biscuits such as the weight, thickness, diameter and spread ratio ranged from 16.09 to 17.45 g, 10.87 to 10.96 mm, 38.94 to 40.02 mm and 3.56 to 3.60 respectively. The average means scores for the appearance, crispness, taste, aroma and overall acceptability increase were observed. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the appearance, taste and aroma while there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the crispness and overall acceptability.

Identifying predictors of players’ perception regarding sliding friendliness and the overall field performance of artificial turf systems for soccer

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Wilbert van den Eijnde ◽  
Renée Richters ◽  
Gert-Jan Kieft ◽  
Piet van Erp
Keyword(s):  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Artificial Turf ◽  
Shock Absorption ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Soccer Team

Due to different design parameters, there is a large variety of artificial turf configurations on the market for soccer. The ultimate aim for any player surface is to maximize the performance and to minimize injuries. The aim of this study is to develop and validate the Football Turf Performance Questionnaire which measures the performance of an artificial turf soccer pitch and to identify predictors for both the overall performance and sliding friendliness based on the players’ perceptions. Three types of artificial turf configurations were evaluated by an elite soccer team in five different trials. Statistical analyses were performed to check the reliability, the classification into factors and identification of predictors, respectively. The best predictors of the total judgement are the descriptors ‘hardness of the field during falling and during sprinting’ and ‘traction during stopping’ and the indicators ‘traction’ and ‘shock absorption’. For sliding friendliness solely, the best predictors are the descriptor ‘burning feeling of the skin after a sliding movement’ and the indicators ‘skin irritation’ and ‘traction’.

scholarly journals A Reappraisal of Rhythmic Coma Patterns in Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh RamachandranNair ◽  
Rohit Sharma ◽  
Shelly K. Weiss ◽  
Hiroshi Otsubo ◽  
Miguel A. Cortez
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Favourable Outcome ◽  
Category Scale ◽  
Rhythmic Pattern ◽  
Performance Category ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Clinically Significant

ABSTRACT:Objective:This study was designed to determine the prevalence of rhythmic coma patterns in comatose children and to ascertain the prognostic significance of reactive rhythmic coma patterns.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed and classified electroencephalogram (EEGs) in comatose children between two months and 18 years of age during the period 1996 - 2003 according to modified Young's classification. Outcome at one-year was scored according to the Paediatric Cerebral and Overall Performance Category Scale. Outcomes were compared using Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney test.Results:Analysis of 63 electroencephalogram (EEG) records in 38 patients showed rhythmic patterns in 19 records (30.2%; 9 alpha, 4 spindle, 4 theta and 2 beta coma patterns, total number of children = 14). Aetiology and outcome of alpha coma patterns and other rhythmic coma patterns were similar. In five children, one type of rhythmic pattern changed to another. Records with reactive rhythmic coma 66.7% (6/9), were associated with favourable outcome. Sixty percent of the records (6/10 records in seven children) with non-reactive pattern were associated with unfavourable outcome. This clinically significant difference did not reach statistical significance (lower Paediatric Cerebral and Overall Performance Category Scale score p= 0.14; favourable outcome p=0.19).Conclusion:Rhythmic coma patterns in comatose children are not uncommon. Aetiology, reactivity and outcome of individual patterns are similar and thus make the rhythmic coma patterns distinct EEG signatures in comatose children. There was a clinically significant better outcome with reactive rhythmic coma patterns.

scholarly journals Gear selection between techniques in freestyle cross-country skiing in athletes with intellectual impairment: A pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1150-1155
Author(s):  
Sven Blomqvist ◽  
Debbie Van Biesen ◽  
Yves Vanlandewijck
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intellectual Impairment ◽  
Race Time ◽  
Impaired Cognitive Function ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Training Background

Cross-country skiing is a fast-paced, a cognitively demanding, and a popular sport within international organizations including athletes with intellectual impairment (II); however, research on how the level of II affects skiing performance is limited. The aim of this exploratory study was to compare differences in the overall performance (segment time and race time) and gear selection between a sample of cross-country skiers with II ( n = 22) and a control group of skiers without II ( n = 12), during a competitive 10 km freestyle race. The groups were matched on training background and skiing level based on interviews with coaches and trainers. The independent samples t-test revealed a higher velocity in the first segment for the control group (6.10 ± 0.62 m/s) compared to the skiers with II (5.50 ± 0.56 m/s; p < 0.05), but no significant differences in total race time between the groups. With respect to their ability to effectively select gears during the races, there was a significant difference between the groups, where the pattern was that skiers with II used a lower gear compared to the skiers without II and that pattern became even more apparent towards the second half of the race. These findings support the assumption that impaired cognitive function may constrain the ability to optimally select the appropriate gear in function of the characteristics of the skiing track, which is a key determinant of skiing performance.

NEW STANDARDS FOR FEVER SCREENING WITH THERMAL IMAGING SYSTEMS

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350045 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. J. RING ◽  
A. JUNG ◽  
B. KALICKI ◽  
J. ZUBER ◽  
A. RUSTECKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Contact Site ◽  
Infrared Thermal Imaging ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Body Temperature ◽  
Eye Region

Infrared thermal imaging has in recent years become more accessible and affordable as a means of remote sensing for human body temperature such as in identifying a person with fever. The implementation and operational guidelines for identifying a febrile human using a screening thermograph as documented in the ISO/TR 13154:2009 ISO/TR 80600 has been deployed for the screening of a total of 402 children. It was found that there was a significant difference between the temperatures measured in non-fevered patients and those with known fever, with the thermal imaging of the eye region being the most rapid non-contact site for measurement.

Ultrasound Imaging Characterization of Soft Tissue Dynamics of the Seated Human Body

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Yamada ◽  
Alperen Değirmenci ◽  
Robert D. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Excitation Amplitude ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Body Dynamics ◽  
Excitation Pattern

Abstract To characterize the dynamics of internal soft organs and external anatomical structures, this paper presents a system that combines medical ultrasound imaging with an optical tracker and a vertical exciter that imparts whole-body vibrations on seated subjects. The spatial and temporal accuracy of the system was validated using a phantom with calibrated internal structures, resulting in 0.224 mm maximum root-mean-square (r.m.s.) position error and 13 ms maximum synchronization error between sensors. In addition to the dynamics of the head and sternum, stomach dynamics were characterized by extracting the centroid of the stomach from the ultrasound images. The system was used to characterize the subject-specific body dynamics as well as the intrasubject variabilities caused by excitation pattern (frequency up-sweep, down-sweep, and white noise, 1–10 Hz), excitation amplitude (1 and 2 m/s2 r.m.s.), seat compliance (rigid and soft), and stomach filling (empty and 500 mL water). Human subjects experiments (n = 3) yielded preliminary results for the frequency response of the head, sternum, and stomach. The method presented here provides the first detailed in vivo characterization of internal and external human body dynamics. Tissue dynamics characterized by the system can inform design of vehicle structures and adaptive control of seat and suspension systems, as well as validate finite element models for predicting passenger comfort in the early stages of vehicle design.

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