scholarly journals A Clinical Jaw Movement Training Robot for Mouth Opening/Closing and Lateral Movement Training

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihisa Okino ◽  
◽  
Hideaki Takanobu ◽  
Atsuo Takanishi ◽  
Kayoko Ohtsuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Mechanism ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Lateral Movement ◽  
Jaw Movement ◽  
Movement Training ◽  
Temporomandibular Joints ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Mandibular Joints

This paper discusses a jaw movement training robot implementing a 6-DOF (degrees of freedom) parallel mechanism, and its application to mouth opening and closing and lateral movement training. Temporomandibular joints (TMJ) syndrome prevents patients from opening their mouths or moving their jaws easily due to problems with mandibular joints, mastication muscles, and other organs involved in food chewing. Conventional therapy involves simple mouth opening apparatuses, although individual techniques vary with the physician. We developed and improved a jaw movement training robot that aids jaw opening and closing and lateral jaw movement training. This system consists of a 6-DOF slave manipulator representing a patient manipulator and a 2-DOF or 3-DOF master manipulator representing the doctor command manipulator.

Magnetization Transfer Contrast on Gradient Echo MR Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint

1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Niitsu ◽  
H. Hirohata ◽  
H. Yoshioka ◽  
I. Anno ◽  
N. G. Campeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Receiver Coil ◽  
Gradient Echo ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Contrast ◽  
Signal Suppression ◽  
Temporomandibular Joints ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Sequential Images ◽  
Significant Superiority

Thirty-nine temporomandibular joints (TMJ) from 20 patients with suspected internal derangements were imaged by a 1.5 T MR imager. The on-resonance binomial magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) pulse was applied to gradient echo images with a dual receiver coil (9 s/section). With the use of an opening device, a series of sequential images were obtained at increments of mouth opening and closing. The tissue signal intensities with (Ms) and without (Mo) MTC were measured and subjective image analysis was performed. Compared with the standard images, MTC technique provided selective signal suppression of disks. The average of Ms/Mo ratio of the disks (0.56) was lower than that of the retrodiskal pad (0.79) and of the effusion (0.89). With MTC technique, fluid conspicuity was superior to standard image. However, no significant superiority was found in disk definition subjectively.

Comparison of mandibular movement trajectories and associated patterns of oral muscle electromyographic activity during spontaneous and apomorphine-induced rhythmic jaw movements in the guinea pig

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Lambert ◽  
L. J. Goldberg ◽  
S. H. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Masseter Muscle ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Lateral Movement ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Medial Pterygoid ◽  
Pterygoid Muscles ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Mandibular Movements ◽  
Masseter Muscles

Vertical and horizontal movements of the lower jaw (mandible) of ketamine-anesthetized guinea pigs were recorded in association with electromyographic (EMG) activity in the anterior digastric, lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid, and deep masseter muscles during spontaneously occurring rhythmic jaw movements (SRJMs) and during rhythmical jaw movements induced by the intravenous administration of apomorphine (ARJMs). Both ARJMs and SRJMs were near periodic and occurred at frequencies in the 2- to 5-Hz range. However, the profiles of the mandibular movements and associated patterns of jaw muscle EMG activity differed dramatically for SRJMs versus ARJMs. SRJMs were characterized by prominent lateral excursions of the mandible that occurred in association with both the jaw opening and closing movements. The lateral excursions were directed to the left side on some SRJM cycles and to the right side on others. The direction of the lateral component alternated irregularly, but no more than three consecutive cycles with horizontal movements to the same side were observed at any time. Each SRJM cycle was generated by the occurrence of one of two coordinated sequences of EMG activity. One sequence produced right-sided cycles, the other produced left-sided cycles. Each sequence was initiated by an EMG burst in the digastric muscle ipsilateral to the direction of the horizontal excursion of the mandible, followed by EMG bursts in the contralateral digastric, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid muscles. The EMG bursts in the digastrics and contralateral lateral pterygoid muscles were associated with jaw opening and the initial stage of lateral movement. EMG activity in the contralateral medial pterygoid muscle was associated with the onset of closing and a second stage of lateral movement. Masseter muscle activity was also observed during SRJMs, but only in a subset of the animals tested (3 of 12). When present, the masseter activity began well after the onset of jaw closing. No significant horizontal mandibular movements were observed during ARJMs. The mandibular trajectories during opening and closing always remained close to the midline. The opening phase of ARJM cycles was associated with bilaterally synchronized activity in the digastric and lateral pterygoid muscles. The closing phase was associated with bilaterally symmetric activity in the masseter muscles. The medial pterygoid muscles displayed little or no EMG activity during ARJMs. The durations of the EMG bursts recorded in the masseter muscle were correlated with cycle time during SRJMs, as were the burst durations of the digastric and lateral pterygoid muscles during ARJMs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Rotation and Translation of the Jaw During Speech

1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Edwards ◽  
Katherine S. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Jaw Movement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Rigid Body Model ◽  
Hinge Axis ◽  
Opening And Closing

A two-dimensional rigid-body model of jaw movement was used to describe jaw opening and closing gestures for vowels and for bilabial and alveolar consonants. Jaw movements were decomposed into three components: (a) rotation about the terminal hinge axis, (b) the horizontal translation of that axis, and (c) the vertical translation of that axis. Data were collected for 3 subjects in two separate recording sessions. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationships among the three jaw movement components. For 2 subjects, but not for the third, an interdependence between jaw rotation and the first principal component of jaw translation, horizontal translation, was observed. For these 2 subjects, the first degree of freedom of jaw movement corresponded to a combination of rotation and the first principal component of jaw translation. For the third subject, the first degree of freedom of jaw movement corresponded to rotation alone. The results of this study, like those of Westbury (1988), indicate that an accurate description of jaw movement during speech requires the recording of two points of jaw movement.

Stiffness Analysis and Experimental Validation for the 6-Dof Jaw Opening-Closing Training Parallel Robot WY-5 (Waseda Yamanashi 5)

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 570-578
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Carbone ◽  
◽  
Hideaki Takanobu ◽  
Marco Ceccarelli ◽  
Atsuo Takanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stiffness Matrix ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Parallel Robot ◽  
Stiffness Analysis ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Stiffness Characteristics ◽  
Opening And Closing

In this paper a mouth opening and closing training robot named as WY-5 (Waseda Yamanashi version 5) is analyzed in terms of stiffness characteristics. Basic models and a formulation are proposed in order to deduce the stiffness matrix as a function of the most important stiffness parameters of the WY-5 architecture. A numerical simulation is carried out as based on the proposed formulation. Experimental tests are carried out in order to validate the proposed model that can be used for design/control purposes in order to improve the performance of WY-5.

Threshold for Detection of Incisal Forces Is Increased by Jaw Movement

2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.F Sowman ◽  
R.S.A. Brinkworth ◽  
K.S. Türker
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Jaw Movement ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Opening And Closing

Current knowledge regarding the sensitivity of the teeth to forces is based on psychophysical experiments that measured touch detection thresholds under static jaw conditions. It is not known whether jaw movements alter the perception of forces applied to the teeth, but, based on limb movement studies, it is hypothesized that the perception of mechanoreceptor outputs will be downwardly modulated by jaw movements. We predicted that, compared with static jaw conditions, rhythmic jaw movements would be associated with significantly higher psychophysical thresholds for the detection of incisally applied forces. In eight participants, mechanical pulses were delivered to an incisor during static jaw holding or during cyclic jaw opening and closing. Analogous to findings in human limbs, the psychophysical salience of periodontal mechanoreceptor feedback was downwardly modulated by physiologically relevant movements; detection thresholds for mechanical pulses applied to a central incisor were significantly higher during jaw-closing movements than during static jaw positioning.

scholarly journals Jaw movement during the speech in children with allergic rhinitis

CoDAS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Júnior Henrique Lima ◽  
Leandro de Araújo Pernambuco ◽  
Aline de Lima Lins ◽  
Lucas Carvalho Aragão Albuquerque ◽  
Hilton Justino da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Opening And Closing

INTRODUCTION: Allergic rhinitis can cause changes in stomatognathic functions, which may alter the mandibular dynamics. Electrognathography is used in the recording of jaw movements, making it valid for analysis of movements in speech.PURPOSE: To characterize the amplitude and velocity of jaw movements during speech in children with and without allergic rhinitis.METHODS: The sample consisted of 32 children aged 7-12 years, treated at a university hospital, divided into two groups: one with rhinitis and the other without rhinitis. To capture the jaw movements during speech, we used an electrognathography with the aid of a list of phonetically balanced figures. For the analysis of data, we used, in addition to descriptive statistics, nonparametric tests, Spearman correlation coefficient and the Mann-Whitney test, with a significant value of p=0.05.RESULTS: No significant difference was observed in jaw movements between groups, with values of p equals to 0.175, 0.650, and 0.462 for amplitude and jaw opening and closing velocity, respectively. However, a strong correlation was observed between the variables velocity and amplitude of mouth opening, being slightly higher in the group of children with allergic rhinitis.CONCLUSION: The amplitude and velocity of jaw movements are found to be similar in children with and without allergic rhinitis, and a correlation exits between these variables. In addition, they were more heterogeneous in the group without allergic rhinitis.

Direction-Specific Jaw Dysfunction and Its Impact on Tongue Movement in Individuals With Dysarthria Secondary to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimin Lee ◽  
Elizabeth Rodriguez ◽  
Antje Mefferd
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Tongue Movement ◽  
Jaw Movement ◽  
Electromagnetic Articulography ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Purpose The current study tested jaw movement characteristics and their impact on tongue movement for speech production in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Specifically, the study examined tongue and jaw movement in multiple directions during jaw opening and closing strokes in individuals with ALS and controls. Method Twenty-two individuals with ALS and 22 controls participated in the current study. Tongue and jaw movements during the production of the words “Iowa” and “Ohio” (produced in a carrier phrase) were recorded using electromagnetic articulography. Tongue and jaw distances were measured for jaw opening and closing strokes. Distance was measured in the anterior–posterior and superior–inferior dimensions (retraction, advancement, lowering, and raising). Results Findings revealed that individuals with ALS exaggerated their jaw opening movements, but not their jaw closing movements, compared to controls. Between the groups, a comparable tongue lowering distance was observed during jaw opening movements. In contrast, reduced tongue raising was observed during the jaw closing movements in individuals with ALS compared to controls. Conclusion The findings suggest that individuals with ALS produce excessive jaw opening movements in the absence of excessive jaw closing movements. The lack of excessive jaw closing movements results in reduced tongue raising in these individuals. Excessive jaw opening movements alone suggest a direction-specific jaw dysfunction. Future studies should examine whether excessive jaw raising can be facilitated and if it enhances tongue raising movement for speech production in individuals with dysarthria secondary to ALS.

scholarly journals A New Approach of Soft Joint Based on a Cable-Driven Parallel Mechanism for Robotic Applications

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Luis Nagua ◽  
Carlos Relaño ◽  
Concepción A. Monje ◽  
Carlos Balaguer
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Mechanism ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Inverse Kinematic ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Flexible Polymer ◽  
The Mathematical Model

A soft joint has been designed and modeled to perform as a robotic joint with 2 Degrees of Freedom (DOF) (inclination and orientation). The joint actuation is based on a Cable-Driven Parallel Mechanism (CDPM). To study its performance in more detail, a test platform has been developed using components that can be manufactured in a 3D printer using a flexible polymer. The mathematical model of the kinematics of the soft joint is developed, which includes a blocking mechanism and the morphology workspace. The model is validated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) (CAD software). Experimental tests are performed to validate the inverse kinematic model and to show the potential use of the prototype in robotic platforms such as manipulators and humanoid robots.

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