scholarly journals TALL BUILDINGS IN HISTORICAL URBAN CONTEXT – ANALYSIS OF SELECTED EXAMPLES

space&FORM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (36) ◽  
pp. 159-176
Author(s):  
Klara Czyńska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Context Analysis

Diagrid Structures for Complex-Shaped Tall Buildings

2012 ◽  
Vol 450-451 ◽  
pp. 1489-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung Sun Moon
Keyword(s):  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Structural Efficiency ◽  
Engineering Software ◽  
Geometric Configurations ◽  
Study Results

Diagrid structures are widely used for today’s tall buildings due to their distinguished architectural aesthetics in any existing urban context and structural efficiency in carrying lateral loads. With prevalent emergence of complex-shaped buildings throughout the world, this paper investigates structural efficiency of diagrid structures employed for complex-shaped tall buildings, such as twisted, tilted and freeform towers. For each complex form category, tall buildings are designed with diagrid systems, and their structural efficiency is studied in conjunction with building forms. In order to investigate the impacts of various important geometric configurations of complex-shaped tall buildings, parametric models are generated using appropriate computer programs, and the models are exported to structural engineering software for design and analyses. Based on the study results, structural efficiency of diagrids for tall buildings of each complex form category is estimated.

scholarly journals ‘Hier woont men in de wereld’

Bulletin KNOB ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 14-34
Author(s):  
Erik Lips
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Dutch Population ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Urban Amenities ◽  
Floor Plans ◽  
Post War ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Dutch History

In Dutch history the years between 1945 and 1965 are regarded as the period of post-war recovery and reconstruction (wederopbouw). One of the main issues of this period was the urgent need to house the rapidly rising Dutch population. High-rise dwellings were seen as one of the answers and, according to many, desirable. However, after the war, and even into the early 1960s, the construction of high-rise apartment towers was considered suitable for only a small, relatively well-to-do, part of the Dutch population. It was thought that most people would not be interested in living in tall buildings unless there was an element of luxury in both the buildings and the apartments themselves. Most architects and city planners labelled high-rise as unfit for the working class and for families with children. Consequently, most high-rise construction in the 1950s and early 1960s was aimed at a small group of ‘modern’ people, well-educated and perhaps slightly bohemian. Seven of these buildings are studied in this article. They vary in size, height and architectural appearance, but still form a distinct architectural type. As the article points out, these buildings were, and are to this day, very successful. Their success is analysed through a close reading of the buildings themselves and of their location in the urban context. The success of the luxury apartment building is attributed to the following conditions. The buildings were built for a small group of independently-minded people, keen to live a modern and comfortable life. They were even prepared to pay far more for their apartment than most terraced houses would have cost. Secondly, the developers invested in a wide variety of luxury features such as central heating, elevators, roof terraces, a housekeeper, ‘American’ kitchens, lock-up garages and the like. Thirdly, renowned architects were hired to design these luxury buildings. Since it did not concern social housing, the building budgets were rather generous. The architects could therefore design rather stylish buildings with well thought-out floor plans and airy and spacious rooms. Costly and decorative materials were used lavishly. As these buildings were unique, architects could meet the requirements of the building plot as well as of the intended inhabitants. Furthermore, the buildings were invariably built on highly desirable sites. They either overlook a city park, a large pond or a canal, or are in an already established residential area, but always within easy reach of urban amenities. Unlike a considerable part of the social high-rise buildings in Dutch cities built from the early 1960s onwards, many of the luxury apartment buildings are still considered highly desirable places to live, even sixty years after their construction.

scholarly journals Modelling the overheating risk in an uniform high-rise building design with a consideration of urban context and heatwaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Habitzreuter ◽  
Stefan Thor Smith ◽  
Trevor Keeling
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Vertical Gradient ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Impact

Overheating in buildings is one of the increasing concerns related to climate change and can lead to an increase in heat-related health issues and higher energy consumption due to the use of air conditioning systems. Literature shows that internal conditions and demand on environmental control systems can vary with height within buildings. However, an architectural trend towards highly glazed façades for tall buildings suggests the vertical gradient of performance is not always considered in the design process. By simulating a high-rise residential building in London, a comparative analysis of the overheating risks and daylighting at different levels in the building was conducted. In this study the model was able to consider the influence of surrounding built environment on solar gain and so influence of urban location on overheating risk was taken into account. Simulations were conducted using typical reference years as well as meteorological data for specific heat-wave periods experienced in London and that are expected to become more intense and frequent due to climate change. Passive mitigation options (external shading) are demonstrated to help reduce overheating occurrence by 74%, at the same time the impact of decreased daylighting (30%) is less problematic at higher levels where daylight factor is greater.

PAR Method

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Billies
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Critical Consciousness ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Context Analysis ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender

The work of the Welfare Warriors Research Collaborative (WWRC), a participatory action research (PAR) project that looks at how low income lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and gender nonconforming (LG-BTGNC) people survive and resist violence and discrimination in New York City, raises the question of what it means to make conscientization, or critical consciousness, a core feature of PAR. Guishard's (2009) reconceptualization of conscientization as “moments of consciousness” provides a new way of looking at what seemed to be missing from WWRC's process and analysis. According to Guishard, rather than a singular awakening, critical consciousness emerges continually through interactions with others and the social context. Analysis of the WWRC's process demonstrates that PAR researchers doing “PAR deep” (Fine, 2008)—research in which community members share in all aspects of design, method, analysis and product development—should have an agenda for developing critical consciousness, just as they would have agendas for participation, for action, and for research.

THE URBAN CONTEXT OF HISTORICAL ACTIVISM

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-328
Author(s):  
Townsand Price-Spratlen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Context

Urban energetics applications and Geomatic technologies in a Smart City perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bitelli ◽  
P. Conte ◽  
T. Csoknyai ◽  
E. Mandanici
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
City Management ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Research Areas

The management of an urban context in a Smart City perspective requires the development of innovative projects, with new applications in multidisciplinary research areas. They can be related to many aspects of city life and urban management: fuel consumption monitoring, energy efficiency issues, environment, social organization, traffic, urban transformations, etc. Geomatics, the modern discipline of gathering, storing, processing, and delivering digital spatially referenced information, can play a fundamental role in many of these areas, providing new efficient and productive methods for a precise mapping of different phenomena by traditional cartographic representation or by new methods of data visualization and manipulation (e.g. three-dimensional modelling, data fusion, etc.). The technologies involved are based on airborne or satellite remote sensing (in visible, near infrared, thermal bands), laser scanning, digital photogrammetry, satellite positioning and, first of all, appropriate sensor integration (online or offline). The aim of this work is to present and analyse some new opportunities offered by Geomatics technologies for a Smart City management, with a specific interest towards the energy sector related to buildings. Reducing consumption and CO2 emissions is a primary objective to be pursued for a sustainable development and, in this direction, an accurate knowledge of energy consumptions and waste for heating of single houses, blocks or districts is needed. A synoptic information regarding a city or a portion of a city can be acquired through sensors on board of airplanes or satellite platforms, operating in the thermal band. A problem to be investigated at the scale A problem to be investigated at the scale of the whole urban context is the Urban Heat Island (UHI), a phenomenon known and studied in the last decades. UHI is related not only to sensible heat released by anthropic activities, but also to land use variations and evapotranspiration reduction. The availability of thermal satellite sensors is fundamental to carry out multi-temporal studies in order to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of the UHI for a city. Working with a greater detail, districts or single buildings can be analysed by specifically designed airborne surveys. The activity has been recently carried out in the EnergyCity project, developed in the framework of the Central Europe programme established by UE. As demonstrated by the project, such data can be successfully integrated in a GIS storing all relevant data about buildings and energy supply, in order to create a powerful geospatial database for a Decision Support System assisting to reduce energy losses and CO2 emissions. Today, aerial thermal mapping could be furthermore integrated by terrestrial 3D surveys realized with Mobile Mapping Systems through multisensor platforms comprising thermal camera/s, laser scanning, GPS, inertial systems, etc. In this way the product can be a true 3D thermal model with good geometric properties, enlarging the possibilities in respect to conventional qualitative 2D images with simple colour palettes. Finally, some applications in the energy sector could benefit from the availability of a true 3D City Model, where the buildings are carefully described through three-dimensional elements. The processing of airborne LiDAR datasets for automated and semi-automated extraction of 3D buildings can provide such new generation of 3D city models.

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