scholarly journals Use of Models as Non-destructive Method for Leaf Area Estimation in Horticultural Crops

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Khan ◽  
F. A. Banday ◽  
S. Narayan ◽  
F. U. Khan ◽  
S. A. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Area Estimation ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Estimation Models

<div><p><em>Leaf area estimation is an important biometrical trait for evaluating leaf development and plant growth analysis in field study of horticultural as well as other species of crop plants. These measurements can be made either destructively and/or non-destructively by using a variety of sensitive instruments as well as models of leaf area estimation. Easy, accurate, cost-effective, and nondestructive methods of leaf area estimation are useful tool in physiological studies related to plant growth and development. The use of regression equations is a nondestructive, simple, quick, accurate, reliable and not expensive method of leaf area estimation. The usual procedure of this method involves measuring length (L), breadth (W) and/or dry mass (M) of a sample of leaves and then calculating the several possible regression coefficients or leaf factors to estimate the area of subsequent leaf samples. Computer programs such as Excel, SAS and SPSS may be used in this process. The paper thrashed out several leaf area estimation models of horticultural crops from the available literature and synthesized in tabular form for the use of researchers. Article also offered some advantages and disadvantages of leaf area estimation models used for analyzing the plant growth and development. </em></p></div>

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Metabolism and Efficiency of Photosystem II in Mown Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.)

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Howieson ◽  
Nick Edward Christians
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Glucose Levels

Regrowth of leaf tissue after mowing is necessary to form photosynthetic leaf area required for CO2 assimilation and plant growth and development. Leaf tissue regrowth often is dependent on levels of reserve carbohydrates stored in leaf sheaths and leaf bases. The objective of this study was to quantify mowing injury by measuring levels of fructan, sucrose, glucose, and fructose and efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in not-cut, rolled, single-cut, and double-cut creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) grown in a greenhouse. Efficiency of PSII was reduced in double-cut grasses by as much as 9% compared with not-cut grasses. Fructan levels were reduced in single- and double-cut grasses compared with not-cut grasses by 52% and 45%, respectively, 36 h after mowing. Glucose levels were 31% lower in double-cut grasses compared with not-cut grasses. No differences were observed in sucrose and fructose levels among not-cut, rolled, single-cut, and double-cut grasses. Mowing transiently reduced fructan and glucose levels in mowed grasses. Duration of reduction of fructan levels, magnitude of reduction in glucose levels, and efficiency of PSII were greatest in double-cut grasses, suggesting that multiple cuttings may be more damaging to plant vigor than single cutting.

scholarly journals Closed soilless growing system for producing strawberry bare root transplants and runner tips

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1757-1761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Giménez ◽  
Jerônimo Luiz Andriolo ◽  
Djeimi Janisch ◽  
Rodrigo Godoi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Substrate Layer ◽  
Bare Root

The objective of this work was to test a closed soilless growing system for producing bare root transplants and runner tips of two strawberry clones, using two categories of substrates. The system used corrugated roofing panels of fiber-cement, over which a substrate layer was used as a growing bed. The nutrient solution was pumped from a reservoir toward the upper end of the roofing panels and drained back to a reservoir. Plant growth and development were determined for two advanced strawberry clones, grown in sand or in Plantmax organic substrate. Growth of the stock plants and the number and dry mass of bare root transplants were similar in the substrates, but bare roots differed in their crown diameters by substrate. For number of runner tips, no significant differences were found in total, small, and medium categories in the substrates. A mean production of about 590 runner tips per square meter and 145 bare root transplants per square meter was obtained. For both clones, a large number of bare root transplants and runner tips of adequate size were produced in the closed soilless growing system using sand or organic substrate.

scholarly journals Response of Plant Growth and Development, and Accumulation of Hydroxyl-cinnamoyl Acid Derivatives to Selected Shade Nets and Seasonality of Field-grown Bush Tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC.)

HortScience ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Maanea L. Ramphinwa ◽  
Godwin R.A. Mchau ◽  
Ntakadzeni E. Madala ◽  
Ndamulelo Nengovhela ◽  
John B.O. Ogola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Athrixia Phylicoides

Horticultural practices and quality of bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC.) are critical for herbal tea industrialization. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of selected shade nets and seasonal variation on plant growth and development, and hydroxycinnamic acid content of field-grown bush tea. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design consisting of three shade nets (black, green, and white) and control or full sunlight with three different light intensities (40%, 50%, and 80%) replicated three times. Proportion of intercepted radiation by the canopy, chlorophyll content, plant height, and fresh and dry mass were measured, and hydroxycinnamic acid accumulation was determined. In addition, hydroxycinnamic acid composition was determined using liquid chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The application of shade nets resulted in plant growth and yield reduction as compared with the plants exposed to full sunlight during summer followed by white shade net. The accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acid was higher in 80% white shade net plots compared with unshaded plants (control) and the other shade nets. Therefore, lack of shading provides a conducive environment to enhance plant growth and development of bush tea. The white shade net (80%) was an effective microclimate tool to enhance accumulation of caffeoylquinic acid (m/z 353), p-coumaric acids (m/z 337), dicaffeoylquinic acid (m/z 515), and tricaffeoylquinic acids of bush tea. This study is the first to demonstrate light as a determining factor for production of chlorogenates in bush tea plants. Future studies will be conducted to determine the effect of light on extracts of the bush tea using different solvents.

scholarly journals Grass Weeds Interfering with Eucalypt: Effects of the Distance of Coexistence on the Initial Plant Growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Graat ◽  
J.O. Rosa ◽  
M.P. Nepomuceno ◽  
L.B. Carvalho ◽  
P.L.C.A. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis ◽  
Mass Accumulation ◽  
Number Of Branches

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the initial plant growth of Eucalyptus urograndis growing in coexistence with Urochloa decumbens and U. ruziziensis. In 100-L box, one plant of U. decumbens or U. ruziziensis grew in coexistence with one plant of E. urograndis clones C219H or H15, respectively, in the distances of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 cm from the crop. After 30, 60, 90 (both clones), and 150 days (just for H15), growth characteristics were evaluated. Plants of both clones, growing in weed-free situations, showed a better growth and development than plants that grew in weedy situations, independently of the distance, having the highest plant height, stem diameter, dry mass of stem, and dry mass of leaves. As the same way, the number of branches, number of leaves, and leaf area of the clone C219H were similarly affected. Urochloa ruziziensis reduced the dry mass accumulation of stem and leaves by the rate of 0.06 and 0.32 g per plant, respectively, per each centimeter growing nearest to the crop, while U. decumbens reduced by 0.03 and 0.14 g per plant. The interference of U. decumbens and U. ruziziensis with E. urograndis is more intense when weedy plants grow in short distances from the crop.

scholarly journals Application of Light-emitting Diodes and the Effect of Light Quality on Horticultural Crops: A Review

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1656-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zheng ◽  
Huaming He ◽  
Weitang Song
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry

Plant growth and development relies on light and is influenced by light. Light-emitting diode (LED) technology is nowadays providing the possibility for regulating plant growth and development by modifying light spectral composition. Many researches have been carried out to figure out the effects of light quality on various aspects of plant behaviors, including plant morphology, physiology, and biochemistry. In this review, we summarized those research outputs, in order to give suggestion of light quality application for both research and production purposes, in the field of productional yield, productional quality for horticultural plants including vegetables or ornamentals in difference with cultivation goals.

scholarly journals Silicon’s Role in Plant Stress Reduction and Why this Element is not used Routinely for Managing Plant Health

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Zellener ◽  
Brenda Tubana ◽  
Fabricio Avila Rodrigues ◽  
Lawrence E Datnoff
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Consistent Information

Numerous reviews and 100s of refereed articles have been published on silicon’s effects on abiotic and biotic stress as well as overall plant growth and development. The science for silicon is well-documented and comprehensive. However, even with this robust body of information, silicon is still not routinely used for alleviating plant stress and promoting plant growth and development. What is holding producers and growers back from using silicon? There are several possible reasons, which include: (i) lack of consistent information on which soil orders are low or limited in silicon, (ii) no universally accepted soil test for gauging the amounts of soluble silicon have been calibrated for many agronomic or horticultural crops, (iii) most analytical laboratories do not routinely assay plant tissue for silicon and current standard tissue digestion procedures used would render silicon insoluble, (iv) many scientists still state that plants are either silicon accumulators or non-accumulators when in reality all plants accumulate some silicon in their plant tissues, (v) silicon is not recognized as being necessary for plant development, (vi) lack of economic studies to show the benefits of applying silicon, and (vii) lack of extension outreach to present the positive benefits of silicon to producers and growers. Many of these issues mentioned above will need to be resolved if silicon is to become a standard practice to improve agronomic and horticultural crop production and plant health.

Mechanisms of ethylene biosynthesis and response in plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Ethylene Signalling

Ethylene is the simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon, yet it has profound effects on plant growth and development, including many agriculturally important phenomena. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying ethylene biosynthesis and signalling have resulted in the elucidation of multistep mechanisms which at first glance appear simple, but in fact represent several levels of control to tightly regulate the level of production and response. Ethylene biosynthesis represents a two-step process that is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels, thus enabling plants to control the amount of ethylene produced with regard to promotion of responses such as climacteric flower senescence and fruit ripening. Ethylene production subsequently results in activation of the ethylene response, as ethylene accumulation will trigger the ethylene signalling pathway to activate ethylene-dependent transcription for promotion of the response and for resetting the pathway. A more detailed knowledge of the mechanisms underlying biosynthesis and the ethylene response will ultimately enable new approaches to be developed for control of the initiation and progression of ethylene-dependent developmental processes, many of which are of horticultural significance.

Response of Poinsettia Growth and Development to Ratio of Radiant to Thermal Energy

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 508e-508
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Royal D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Daily Light Integral ◽  
Highly Correlated

A concept of ratio of radiant to thermal energy (RRT) has been developed to deal with the interactive effect of light and temperature on plant growth and development. This study further confirms that RRT is a useful parameter for plant growth, development, and quality control. Based on greenhouse experiments conducted with 27 treatment combinations of temperature, light, and plant spacing, a model for poinsettia plant growth and development was constructed using the computer program STELLA II. Results from the model simulation with different levels of daily light integral, temperature, and plant spacing showed that the RRT significantly affects leaf unfolding rate when RRT is lower than 0.025 mol/degree-day per plant. Plant dry weight is highly correlated with RRT; it increases linearly as RRT increases.

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