scholarly journals Integrated geophysical surveys for the knowledge of a monument of Lecce: the sixteenth-century fortifications

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Giovanni Leucci ◽  
Giacomo Di Giacomo ◽  
Lara De Giorgi ◽  
Immacolata Ditaranto ◽  
Ilaria Miccoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Geophysical Investigations ◽  
The City ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Within<strong> </strong>the project for the<strong> </strong>restoration of the<strong> </strong>northern section of the sixteenth-century city wall of Lecce, CNR-IBAM carried out geophysical surveys aimed at the study and the reconstruction of the fortifications system. In particular, the investigations focused on a wide band of land outside the two bastions at the northern far end of the fortifications. The integrated use of GPR and ERT systems has allowed to detect anomalies related to the main ditch outside the city wall and to characterize the rocky bench in which it was excavated; at the time of the surveys, this ditch was still buried and the results of the measurements have guided its excavations. Moreover, the investigations have allowed to identify also other possible ditches or quarries and more ancient structures, which subsequent archaeological excavations have dated at the Roman period. Moreover, geophysical surveys highlighted the presence of modern walls, corresponding with the foundations of the stadium constructed in the first half of the 1900s close to the fortifications. So, geophysical investigations were very important since they allowed not only to direct the archaeological excavations, but also because they allowed to formulate some hypotheses on the ancient topography of the not excavated area.

scholarly journals Forum provinciae in Sarmizegetusa

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
Ádám Szabó ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empty Space ◽  
Exact Match ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Imperial Cult ◽  
The Third ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
City Walls ◽  
The City ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Made In

L. F. Marsigli represented three archaeological structures on the map of Colonia Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa, made in 1699 and published in 1726 – the city walls, the amphitheatre and a rectangular, double-walled building which encloses an empty space, and which has a square-shaped niche on one side (Pl. I/2). The map, compared in scale to the results of archaeological excavations and geophysical surveys shows an exact match with the currently known groundplan of the city wall, its northeastern corner and the amphitheatre. The third building may be identified as the centre of the provincial assembly (concilium provinciae)1 and the provincial imperial cult, namely the forum provinciae, that was situated within the territory of the Area sacra (Pl. I/1; Pl. II), approximately 20 metres to the northwest from the location given by Marsigli. The two textual fragments previously found in the area also support the assessment of the structure of forum provinciae. The dislocation of the third building on the map was presumably due to misprinting or Marsigli’s field error. Today, the area is still unexplored, only future archeological excavations can justify or refute the exact characteristics, structure and periodisation of the third building depicted on Marsigli’s map.

scholarly journals Balsa, Topografia e Urbanismo de uma Cidade Portuária

2020 ◽  
pp. 1399-1412
Author(s):  
Vítor Silva Dias ◽  
João Pedro Bernardes ◽  
Celso Candeias ◽  
Cristina Tété Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Strip ◽  
Urban Plan ◽  
Ria Formosa ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
The City ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
The Way

Geophysical surveys, field walking prospections and archaeological excavations recently carried out and still ongoing under the project, “Balsa, searching the origins of Algarve”, have allowed us to know more about this ancient city, namely by assessing what is still preserved and / or what it will have been destroyed, the extension of the city, some of its urban and topographic realities or, definitively eliminating hypotheses of archaeological realities that, evidently, never existed. Based on a multivariate methodology and using different technologies and specialists, the results of the work already carried out allowed us to attest that the city is smaller than was supposed, extending along a narrow strip along the Ria Formosa; they also allowed to know the orientation of the urban plan, the location and extent of its main necropolis, the location of the forum, as well as some aspects of the way the city has evolved.

scholarly journals Les caractéristiques architecturales et constructives de la muraille médievale à la période Hammadite à Bejaia (Algérie)

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naima Abderrahim Mahindad
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Petrographic Analyses ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The City

The architectural and constructive characteristics of the medieval wall of Bejaia city during the Hammadite periodBejaia, is a coastal city of Central-East Algerian which has seen succeeding on its lands several civilizations: Byzantine, Roman, Hammadite, Spanish and Ottoman It reached its peak from the beginning of the eleventh century, when the Hammadite ruler, An-Nasir made it the capital. The city maintained this important status until the sixteenth century, when it was considered the jewel of the Maghreb. At that time, the city was fortified with a large surrounding wall, which spanned more than 5000 m. This city wall was flanked with bastions and towers, and rose in tiers from the sea-side to Mount Gouraya. Its layout was perfectly designed and blended with the city’s topography It consisted of three walls: one to the east and another to the west, which were connected by a third wall, which ran along the seaside. Today, two gates are preserved from the city of Bejaia’s rich defensive heritage: Bab El Bahr, which opens onto the sea, and Bab El Fouka, which opens onto the plains, as well as some parts of the walls, dotted around different parts of the city. This heritage is threatened and its preservation, restoration and enhancement require a comprehensive knowledge of the architectural and constructive styles, which characterize it, and of the materials used in its construction. This contribution aims to identify the architectural and constructive features of this defense system, developed by the Hammadites, as well as a characterization of the construction materials used, such mortar, through physical, chemical and petrographic analyses.

A stronger predecessor to the M 6.2 Petrinja, Croatia earthquake in Antiquity – archaeoseismology of the 4th century Siscia event

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miklós Kázmér ◽  
Rosana Škrgulja
Keyword(s):  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
First Wall ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Loose Soil ◽  
The City ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

&lt;p&gt;Archaeological excavations of the Roman city of Siscia (Sisak, Croatia) found walls of the city, up to 2 m thick, toppled in the moat. Brick masonry wall segments were found in various orientations: tilted, rotated, twisted, toppled, overturned. Foundations display features of twisting and shearing. There are additional shearing planes within the fallen walls, which allowed the segments to extend during collapse. Much of construction material was robbed in later centuries, so original dimensions are estimates only. Subsoil is alluvial sandy clay. We suggest that a major earthquake damaged the city wall of Siscia. Excitated by site effects of loose soil, high peak ground acceleration caused the wall to be sheared off from its foundation, landing it ultimately in the adjacent moat. Rebuilding of the city wall in the late antique period suggests that the first wall collapsed between the beginning of the 3rd and the middle of the 4th century. This earthquake between ~200 AD and ~350 AD is missing from historical catalogues. Both the Antique and the modern earthquakes were of intensity IX. The St. Quirinus site at Siscia is 12 km from the fault which caused the destruction in Petrinja on 29 December 2020, mere 3 km from the fault. We suggest that the Antique earthquake was stronger than the M 6.2 modern event.&lt;/p&gt;

The Silchester ogham stone: a reconsideration

Antiquity ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 54 (211) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fulford ◽  
Bruce Sellwood
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Similar Material ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The City

A recent re-examination of the architectural and other sculpted stone fragments from Silchester (Calleva Atrebatum) drew attention to the small sandstone column on which is scored an ogham inscription. The commonest materials used for columns, capitals and ornamental sculpture at Silchester are the fine Jurassic limestones of Bath or Portland type. A very few pieces are carved intertiary sandstones or imported marble. This is the pattern for architectural masonry throughout southern England in the Roman period; limestone predominates and sandstone, usually greensand, is rare. On visual examination the particular stone with the ogham appears to be different from that of the other architectural fragments in the Silchester collection. It should also be noted that no similar material has so far been identified in the city wall or amongst any of the other ordinary building materials recovered from the Roman town. On the basis of visual examination alone it has been suggested that the stone originated from the calcareous grit of the Oxfordshire Corallian (Boon 1959, 87), but doubts about this identification led us to a more searching investigation to ascertain the character and source of the stone. Before introducing these analyses and their results it will be useful to summarize our present knowledge of the Silchester ogham. In this way the implications of the new results can be more satisfactorily appreciated.

TERRACOTTA OIL LAMPS FROM GRAECO-ROMAN MEMPHIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
Victoria I. Yarmolovich ◽  
◽  
Elena Yu. Chepel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Archaeological Pottery ◽  
Mixed Layers ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The City ◽  
Indoor Spaces ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Made In

The article explores 15 terracotta oil lamps found during the archaeological excavations of the Centre for Egyptological Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences at Kom Tuman (Memphis, Egypt). The majority of these lamps were made in moulds, and only one — on potter’s wheel. Various types of local Egyptian clays were used for the production of the lamps. Many of the lamps are decorated with various ornaments, such as palms, dolphins, torches, and, possibly, the ‘Macedonian shield’. Similar lamps were widespread in all the territory of Egypt; equally, such lamps appear among archaeological finds in the countries neighbouring with Egypt. The Memphite lamps under study were found in mixed layers and, therefore, we have compared them with analogous lamps from other locations in order to obtain more secure dating. Based on the parallels, we date the lamps to the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods (3rd century B.C. — 3rd century A.D.). The archaeological context of the lamps indicates their possible use in households and/or in temples for illumination of indoor spaces. The lamps are archaeological evidence for the existence of active everyday life at Kom Tuman in Graeco-Roman Period which is also confirmed by other sources. The study of archaeological pottery and of papyri found in the city of Memphis and in adjacent necropoleis shows that even after the foundation of the new Ptolemaic capital Alexandria, Memphis was not abandoned but continued for centuries to be a major administrative and cultic centre. The article includes the catalogue of 15 lamps with descriptions and illustrations.

Roman-period pottery from a trench by the northern city wall in Beit Ras/Capitolias

2020 ◽  
pp. 577-602
Author(s):  
Jolanta Młynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Roman Period ◽  
City Wall ◽  
The City ◽  
Northern City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Northern Jordan

One of the trenches opened by the team of the PCMA during 2015–2016 at the site of Beit Ras (ancient Capitolias) in the governorate of Irbid, northern Jordan, revealed remains of the defensive city wall. Neither the foundation nor the earliest walking level connected with the wall could have been reached; however, the archaeological exploration allowed to identify three upper floors, all posterior to the construction of the city wall. The analysis of the ceramics from under the floors permitted to establish the repertory of the local, regional and some imported wares in the Roman-period Capitolias and, at the same time, provided an insight into the chronology of the defenses of ancient Capitolias.

WALLS, GATES AND STORIES: DETECTING ROME'S RIVERSIDE DEFENCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
T.P. Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Careful Attention ◽  
City Wall ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

The construction date of the ‘Servian’ wall and its layout in the riverside area between the Aventine and the Capitol are the two main questions addressed in this article. The interlocking topographical problems were addressed in 1988 by Filippo Coarelli, whose interpretation has become the generally accepted orthodoxy. But not all the difficulties have been solved, and with Coarelli's recent return to the subject a fresh examination of the evidence may be helpful. Careful attention is given here to stories of early Rome that involve the walls and gates, as reported in Livy, Dionysius and Plutarch; they are not, of course, taken as authentic evidence for the time of the alleged events, but as indicating what was taken for granted when the stories were first composed. New suggestions are made about a revision of the line of the city wall in 212 BC and the consequent restructuring of two important gates, the Porta Carmentalis and the Porta Trigemina; the mysterious ‘Porta Triumphalis’ is discussed separately in an appendix.

scholarly journals Guilds, Social Mobility and Status in Sixteenth-Century Ghent

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Dambruyne
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Social Promotion ◽  
Social Position ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Democratic Character ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This article investigates the relationship between social mobility and status in guilds and the political situation in sixteenth-century Ghent. First, it argues that Ghent guilds showed neither a static picture of upward mobility nor a rectilinear and one-way evolution. It demonstrates that the opportunities for social promotion within the guild system were, to a great extent, determined by the successive political regimes of the city. Second, the article proves that the guild boards in the sixteenth century had neither a typically oligarchic nor a typically democratic character. Third, the investigation of the houses in which master craftsmen lived shows that guild masters should not be depicted as a monolithic social bloc, but that significant differences in status and wealth existed. The article concludes that there was no linear positive connection between the duration of a master craftsman's career and his wealth and social position.

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