scholarly journals Role for artificial intelligence in respiratory diseases—chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Chris Carlin ◽  
Anna Taylor ◽  
Isabel van Loon ◽  
Grace McDowell ◽  
Shane Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

scholarly journals Tanimilast, A Novel Inhaled Pde4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Facchinetti ◽  
Maurizio Civelli ◽  
Dave Singh ◽  
Alberto Papi ◽  
Aida Emirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Pde4 Inhibitor ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Chronic respiratory diseases are the third leading cause of death, behind cardiovascular diseases and cancer, affecting approximately 550 million of people all over the world. Most of the chronic respiratory diseases are attributable to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with this latter being the major cause of deaths. Despite differences in etiology and symptoms, a common feature of asthma and COPD is an underlying degree of airways inflammation. The nature and severity of this inflammation might differ between and within different respiratory conditions and pharmacological anti-inflammatory treatments are unlikely to be effective in all patients. A precision medicine approach is needed to selectively target patients to increase the chance of therapeutic success. Inhibitors of the phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzyme like the oral PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast have shown a potential to reduce inflammatory-mediated processes and the frequency of exacerbations in certain groups of COPD patients with a chronic bronchitis phenotype. However, roflumilast use is dampened by class related side effects as nausea, diarrhea, weight loss and abdominal pain, resulting in both substantial treatment discontinuation in clinical practice and withdrawal from clinical trials. This has prompted the search for PDE4 inhibitors to be given by inhalation to reduce the systemic exposure (and thus optimize the systemic safety) and maximize the therapeutic effect in the lung. Tanimilast (international non-proprietary name of CHF6001) is a novel highly potent and selective inhaled PDE4 inhibitor with proven anti-inflammatory properties in various inflammatory cells, including leukocytes derived from asthma and COPD patients, as well as in experimental rodent models of pulmonary inflammation. Inhaled tanimilast has reached phase III clinical development by showing promising pharmacodynamic results associated with a good tolerability and safety profile, with no evidence of PDE4 inhibitors class-related side effects. In this review we will discuss the main outcomes of preclinical and clinical studies conducted during tanimilast development, with particular emphasis on the characterization of the pharmacodynamic profile that led to the identification of target populations with increased therapeutic potential in inflammatory respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals Possible Role of Serum Leptin as Biomarker in COPD

Folia Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-521
Author(s):  
Yanitsa A. Zhelyazkova ◽  
Tanya T. Tacheva ◽  
Dimo M. Dimov ◽  
Denitsa G. Vlaykova ◽  
Aneliya V. Bivolarska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Severe Copd

Leptin is one of the adipokines shown to exert a significant effect in respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible role of serum leptin as biomarker in COPD.The serum leptin levels were assessed in 58 patents with stable COPD and 21 controls applying ELISA method.The leptin levels were higher, although not significantly, in COPD patients than in controls (221.52&plusmn;24.28(SE) vs. 165.04&plusmn;26.01 pg/ml, p=0.197). This tendency turned out significant when only females were compared (414.60&plusmn;60.63 vs. 219.40&plusmn;44.15 pg/ml, p=0.038). The levels of leptin were highly dependent on the BMI both in COPD patients (p<0.001) and in controls (p=0.024): they were the highest in obese individuals and decreased with reducing the BMI.In the COPD group, women had significantly higher leptin levels than men (p<0.0001) independent of the BMI. The non-smoking patients had significantly higher leptin levels than ex-smokers (p=0.007) and current smokers (p=0.007). In patients with BMI above 25, several associations were observed: patients with mild COPD had higher serum leptin level than those with severe or very severe COPD (p=0.038); the leptin levels correlated positively with FEV1% (r= 0.304, p=0.045) and FEV1/FVC ratio (I= 0.348, p=0.021), and tended to correlate negatively with ABCD GOLD groups (Rho=-0.300, p=0.043) and with the CAT points (Rho=-0.258, p=0.091); the leptin levels below 300 ng/ml determined 4.08-fold higher risk for more severe COPD.The results of our study confirm that the serum leptin levels depend significantly on the BMI and are interfered by gender and smoking habits. However, this adipokine cannot be used as a serum biomarker for distinguishing COPD patients, but its decrease might be associated with aggravation of the disease.

scholarly journals An analysis of how senior students of the Medical Institute know basic concepts of bronchopulmonary system diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 240-245
Author(s):  
Anna Albertovna Dyachkova ◽  
Darya Viktorovna Khoreva ◽  
Marina Sergeevna Blinkova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Senior Students

Respiratory diseases are one of the most pressing problems of modern internal medicine, which is associated with their prevalence, significant impact on the quality of life and social activities of a person. This study is done not only by the complexity of diagnosis and treatment of major respiratory diseases, but also by the rapid development of modern pulmonology. The paper determines the level of knowledge of COPD and community-acquired pneumonia basic concepts among students of 5-6 courses at the Medical Institute of National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University majoring in General medicine with the use of an anonymous questionnaire. The survey was conducted using questionnaires developed on the basis of clinical national recommendations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and community-acquired pneumonia. The study found that less than half of senior students do not give correct answers to basic questions about the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture or treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). More than half of 5-year-students have difficulties answering questions about the etiology, classification, diagnosis, and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. The results of the survey predispose to additional educational solutions in the field of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, community-acquired pneumonia and to focus more on prevention and therapy.

scholarly journals Association Between SGLT2is and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Large Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao-Gen Yin ◽  
Mei Qiu ◽  
Xue-Yan Duan
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Meta Analyses

The association between sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and various cardiovascular and respiratory diseases is unestablished. This meta-analysis aimed to explore whether use of SGLT2is is significantly associated with the occurrences of 80 types of cardiovascular diseases and 55 types of respiratory diseases. Large randomized trials of SGLT2is were included in analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Nine large trials were included in analysis. Compared to placebo, SGLT2is were associated with the reduced risks of 9 types of cardiovascular diseases (e.g., atrial fibrillation [RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.67-0.91], bradycardia [RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.40-0.89], and hypertensive emergency [RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.12-0.72]) and 11 types of respiratory diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.97], asthma [RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35-0.95], and sleep apnoea syndrome [RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.15-0.87]). The results of random-effects meta-analysis were similar with those of fixed-effects meta-analysis. No heterogeneity or only little heterogeneity was found in most meta-analyses. No publication bias was observed in most of the meta-analyses conducted in this study. SGLT2is were not significantly associated with the other 115 cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. SGLT2is are associated with the reduced risks of 9 types of cardiovascular diseases (e.g., atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, and hypertensive emergency) and 11 types of respiratory diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and sleep apnoea syndrome). This proposes the potential of SGLT2is to be used for prevention of these cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.

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