scholarly journals Possible Role of Serum Leptin as Biomarker in COPD

Folia Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-521
Author(s):  
Yanitsa A. Zhelyazkova ◽  
Tanya T. Tacheva ◽  
Dimo M. Dimov ◽  
Denitsa G. Vlaykova ◽  
Aneliya V. Bivolarska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Severe Copd

Leptin is one of the adipokines shown to exert a significant effect in respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible role of serum leptin as biomarker in COPD.The serum leptin levels were assessed in 58 patents with stable COPD and 21 controls applying ELISA method.The leptin levels were higher, although not significantly, in COPD patients than in controls (221.52&plusmn;24.28(SE) vs. 165.04&plusmn;26.01 pg/ml, p=0.197). This tendency turned out significant when only females were compared (414.60&plusmn;60.63 vs. 219.40&plusmn;44.15 pg/ml, p=0.038). The levels of leptin were highly dependent on the BMI both in COPD patients (p<0.001) and in controls (p=0.024): they were the highest in obese individuals and decreased with reducing the BMI.In the COPD group, women had significantly higher leptin levels than men (p<0.0001) independent of the BMI. The non-smoking patients had significantly higher leptin levels than ex-smokers (p=0.007) and current smokers (p=0.007). In patients with BMI above 25, several associations were observed: patients with mild COPD had higher serum leptin level than those with severe or very severe COPD (p=0.038); the leptin levels correlated positively with FEV1% (r= 0.304, p=0.045) and FEV1/FVC ratio (I= 0.348, p=0.021), and tended to correlate negatively with ABCD GOLD groups (Rho=-0.300, p=0.043) and with the CAT points (Rho=-0.258, p=0.091); the leptin levels below 300 ng/ml determined 4.08-fold higher risk for more severe COPD.The results of our study confirm that the serum leptin levels depend significantly on the BMI and are interfered by gender and smoking habits. However, this adipokine cannot be used as a serum biomarker for distinguishing COPD patients, but its decrease might be associated with aggravation of the disease.

scholarly journals Nutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Rawal ◽  
Sankalp Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Supplement Therapy

AbstractCachexia and muscle wasting is a frequent but partly reversible complication in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and affects the disease progression and prognosis. Weight loss in COPD is a consequence of increased energy requirements unbalanced by dietary intake. Nutritional supplement therapy has been shown to be effective for maintaining and improving the muscle strength and exercise tolerance in poorly nourished COPD patients, thereby decreasing morbidity and mortality. This mini review discusses the role of nutritional supplement therapy in the treatment of COPD.

scholarly journals Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Ibrahim Mohammad ◽  
Ahmed Gouda Elgazzar ◽  
Shymaa Mohammad Mahfouz ◽  
Marwa Elsayed Elnaggar
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Severe Copd

Abstract Background The conjunction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is known as overlap syndrome (OS). The coexistence of these diseases has cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of OSA in COPD patients. One hundred COPD patients (obese and non-obese) performed sleep questionnaires and polysomnograms. Results OSA prevalence in COPD was 50% and it increases with increasing disease severity (P < 0.001). The highest prevalence of OSA was found in obese patients with severe COPD; 90.5% of these patients have OSA. In the OSA group, obese patients were found to have significantly higher STOP-Bang Questionnaire (SBQ), Epworth Sleep Scale (ESS), modified medical research council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), respiratory disturbance index (RDI), and oxygen desaturation index (ODI). Both obese and non-obese COPD patients showed significant positive correlations between AHI and smoking index (SI), SBQ, ESS, mMRC, ODI, and neck circumference (NC). Conclusions From this study, it can be concluded that moderate and severe COPD patients had a higher diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing. Also, obese-COPD patients are more susceptible to develop OSA. Trial registration Name of the registry: Benha University Protocol Record Benha U123, Obstructive Sleep Apnea Prevalence in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases. Trial registration number: NCT04903639. Date of registry: 5/22/2021 (retrospective study).

scholarly journals Decreased plasma epidermal growth factor (EGF) levels in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Pneumologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Retno AS Soemarwoto ◽  
Andika Chandra Putra ◽  
Syazili Mustofa ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Severe Copd

Abstract Background Chronic mucus hypersecretion is a common feature in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is associated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) activity. Aberrant EGF and its receptor signalling can cause airway hyperproliferation, increase in mucous cell differentiation and mucus hyperproduction. Furthermore, it can also promote subepithelial fibrosis and excessive collagen deposition in COPD. The objective of this research was to investigate the plasma levels of EGF in smokers with COPD in comparison with clinically healthy smokers. In addition, the relationship between the plasma levels of EGF and clinical features was investigated. Methods A cross-sectional study included 82 clinically stable male patients with mild-to-very severe COPD (mean age: 64.5±8.6 years), and the control group consisted of 86 healthy male smokers (mean age: 61.6±9.5 years). To define COPD, we performed spirometry and classified COPD using Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification. We analyzed the levels of EGF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in plasma. Results The mean serum levels of EGF were significantly lower in smokers with COPD than those in controls (69.30 and 83.82 pg/mL, respectively, p = 0.046). The plasma levels of EGF were significantly different (p = 0.004) between mild COPD and moderate-to-very severe COPD. There were no significant differences between the levels of EGF in plasma of spontaneous sputum producers (COPD patients) vs. nonsputum producers (p = 0.101) and between nonexacerbated COPD and exacerbated COPD patients(p = 0.138). Conclusions There is a significant difference in the plasma levels of EGF in male smokers with COPD as compared with male healthy smokers. Our findings suggest that the plasma levels of EGF may contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD.

scholarly journals Reassessing the Role of Eosinophils as a Biomarker in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinè ◽  
Biondini ◽  
Semenzato ◽  
Bazzan ◽  
Cosio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Exacerbation Risk ◽  
Blood Eosinophils

Blood eosinophils measurement, as proxy for tissue eosinophils, has become an important biomarker for exacerbation risk and response to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Its use to determine the pharmacological approach is recommended in the latest COPD guidelines. The potential role of blood eosinophils is mainly based on data derived from post-hoc and retrospective analyses that showed an association between increased blood eosinophils and risk of exacerbations, as well as mitigation of this risk with ICS. Yet other publications, including studies in real life COPD, do not confirm these assumptions. Moreover, anti-eosinophil therapy targeting interleukin (IL)-5 failed to reduce exacerbations in COPD patients with high blood eosinophils, which casts significant doubts on the role of eosinophils in COPD. Furthermore, a reduction of eosinophils might be harmful since COPD patients with relatively high eosinophils have better pulmonary function, better life quality, less infections and longer survival. These effects are probably linked to the role of eosinophils in the immune response against pathogens. In conclusion, in COPD, high blood eosinophils are widely used as a biomarker for exacerbation risk and response to ICS. However, much is yet to be learned about the reasons for the high eosinophil counts, their variations and their controversial effects on the fate of COPD patients.

Erythropoietin response after correction of severe hypoxaemia due to acute respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana PAVLISA ◽  
Veljko VRBANIC ◽  
Vesna KUSEC ◽  
Branimir JAKSIC
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Severe Hypoxaemia ◽  
Physiological Research

In order to determine the initial values and dynamic changes of EPO (erythropoietin) after therapy, 57 consecutively presenting, typical COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) patients with chronic hypoxia and acute exacerbated serum EPO levels were serially measured. Initial mean EPO levels were slightly above the normal range (41.4±83.5 units/l), but in the majority of patients the initial EPO levels were significantly reduced. Following the correction of hypoxaemia, mean EPO levels decreased to 14.1±16.9 units/l (P=0.0093). However, not all COPD patients showed this pattern; in an important subset of patients (36.8%), who had initially lower EPO levels and lower erythrocyte count, EPO levels were significantly increased (by more than 60%; P=0.0028) on the second day of treatment, despite correction of the hypoxaemia. This finding was unexpected and paradoxical when compared with physiological studies addressing the same issue. The data presented support previous reports of variable EPO levels in severely hypoxic COPD patients and suggest that the haematological response is already hampered at an early stage, at the level of EPO production, and much less likely at later steps in the haemopoietic response by failure to respond to elevated EPO levels. Our data are consistent with recent discoveries that the O2 sensing and regulation of EPO production is a complex process in which multiple factors, including cytokines and therapeutic agents, play a role by enhancing or inhibiting the response. We believe that further studies on this clinical condition are complementary to basic physiological research and may help to elucidate the role of cytokines and other individual factors in complex clinical hypoxic situations.

scholarly journals Tanimilast, A Novel Inhaled Pde4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Facchinetti ◽  
Maurizio Civelli ◽  
Dave Singh ◽  
Alberto Papi ◽  
Aida Emirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Pde4 Inhibitor ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Chronic respiratory diseases are the third leading cause of death, behind cardiovascular diseases and cancer, affecting approximately 550 million of people all over the world. Most of the chronic respiratory diseases are attributable to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with this latter being the major cause of deaths. Despite differences in etiology and symptoms, a common feature of asthma and COPD is an underlying degree of airways inflammation. The nature and severity of this inflammation might differ between and within different respiratory conditions and pharmacological anti-inflammatory treatments are unlikely to be effective in all patients. A precision medicine approach is needed to selectively target patients to increase the chance of therapeutic success. Inhibitors of the phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzyme like the oral PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast have shown a potential to reduce inflammatory-mediated processes and the frequency of exacerbations in certain groups of COPD patients with a chronic bronchitis phenotype. However, roflumilast use is dampened by class related side effects as nausea, diarrhea, weight loss and abdominal pain, resulting in both substantial treatment discontinuation in clinical practice and withdrawal from clinical trials. This has prompted the search for PDE4 inhibitors to be given by inhalation to reduce the systemic exposure (and thus optimize the systemic safety) and maximize the therapeutic effect in the lung. Tanimilast (international non-proprietary name of CHF6001) is a novel highly potent and selective inhaled PDE4 inhibitor with proven anti-inflammatory properties in various inflammatory cells, including leukocytes derived from asthma and COPD patients, as well as in experimental rodent models of pulmonary inflammation. Inhaled tanimilast has reached phase III clinical development by showing promising pharmacodynamic results associated with a good tolerability and safety profile, with no evidence of PDE4 inhibitors class-related side effects. In this review we will discuss the main outcomes of preclinical and clinical studies conducted during tanimilast development, with particular emphasis on the characterization of the pharmacodynamic profile that led to the identification of target populations with increased therapeutic potential in inflammatory respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Its Association with Lung Cancer: Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Targets

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanmugam G ◽  
◽  
Rakshit S ◽  
Sarkar K ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Lung Carcinogenesis ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Lung cancer are the major reasons for lung disease-related mortality worldwide. Chronic inflammation is a key attribute of COPD and a potential driver of lung carcinogenesis. Among various environmental risk factors, cigarette smoke plays a crucial role in the development and progression of COPD and lung cancer. Several epidemiological studies show that COPD patients are at a greater risk of developing lung cancer independently of cigarette smoking which suggests the role of genetic predisposition in the disease development. Uncovering the mechanistic link between these two diseases is hampered due to their heterogeneous nature: each is characterized by several sub-phenotypes of diseases. This review focuses on the nature of the link between the two diseases and specific mechanisms that occur in both COPD and lung cancer, some of the therapeutic targets which are currently employed, and the role of gene-editing technology to combat these debilitating lung-inflammatory disorders.

scholarly journals Diaphragm Ultrasound Distinguishes Exacerbation From Stable Status in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai Joon An ◽  
Yeun Jie Yoo ◽  
Jeong Uk Lim ◽  
Wan Seo ◽  
Chan Kwon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
The Status

Abstract Background: The importance of evaluating the diaphragm muscle in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is widely accepted. However, the role of diaphragm ultrasound (DUS) in COPD is not fully understood. We set this study to evaluate the role of DUS for distinguishing the status of COPD. Methods: COPD patients who underwent DUS were enrolled between March 2020 and November 2020. The diaphragm thickening fraction (TFmax) and diaphragm excursion (DEmax) during maximal deep breathing were measured. Patients were divided into exacerbation and stable groups. Demographics, lung function, and DUS findings were compared between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and univariate/multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.Results: Fifty-five patients were enrolled. The exacerbation group had a lower body mass index (BMI) (20.9 vs. 24.2, p = 0.003), lower TFmax (94.8 ± 8.2% vs. 158.4 ± 83.5%, p = 0.010), and lower DEmax (30.8 ± 11.1 mm vs. 40.5 ± 12.5 mm, p = 0.007) compared to stable group. The areas under the TFmax (0.745) and DEmax (0.721) curves indicated fair results for distinguishing exacerbation. The patients were divided into low and high TFmax and DEmax groups based on calculated cut-off values. Low TFmax (odds ratio [OR] 8.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.55–45.56) and low DEmax (OR 11.51; 95% CI 1.15–115.56) were associated with exacerbation after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec.Conclusion: TFmax and DEmax distinguished exacerbation from stable status. We describe the DUS cut-off values for determining an exacerbation status in this study.

scholarly journals Study of Factors Associated with Sarcopenia in COPD Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Saleh Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Severe Copd

Introduction: Sarcopenia is frequently associated with chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Sarcopenia can be classified as physical frailty where frailty is associated with adverse health outcomes. Sarcopenia was found to be associated with worsening lung function in male COPD patient. Objective was to find out the factors associated with sarcopenia in COPD patients. Materials & Methods: This was cross-sectional observational study was carried out Different Privet Medical in Chandpur and Chandpur Medical College Hospital, Chandpur. Patients diagnosed with COPD according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD) guidelines were included in this study. Exclusion criteria were unstable cardiac disease, an exacerbation within the preceding 4 weeks, predominant neurological limitation to walking (eg, significant hemiplegia) or contraindication to bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) including an implanted pacemaker or defibrillator. All participants gave written informed consent. EWGSOP criteria were applied to outpatients with stable COPD. Results: In uniavariate analysis, age, moderate COPD, severe COPD, obesity, non-elective admission over the past 12 months, MMRC scale and MAP were significantly associated with sarcopenia. In multivariate analysis, age, moderate COPD, severe COPD, obesity and MMRC scale were significantly associated with sarcopenia. Conclusion: Prevalence of sarcopenia was 26%. Independent factors associated with sarcopenia Age (>70 years) years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.387. Sarcopenia affects about one-quarter of COPD patients. Age, severity of COPD, MMRC scale, and BMI status were the factors associated with sarcopenia. Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(1): 50-53

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document