20. Mass Gatherings and Public Events

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 169-188

Author(s):

Sevinç Alkan Özcan ◽

Muhammed Hüzeyin Mercan

Keyword(s):

State Intervention ◽

Religious Groups ◽

Religious Traditions ◽

Mass Gatherings ◽

Public Events ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

The Social ◽

Religion And State ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Regulations, measures and restrictions implemented by state authorities on public events and mass gatherings due to fear, anxiety, and panic caused by COVID-19 pandemic have made religious field more open to state intervention since the global pandemic started and religious practices underwent radical changes. Governments’ public health measures concerning the places of mass worship and religious gatherings to stop the spread of the pandemic and the reactions of religious groups against their orders and imposed restrictions emerged as a new dimension of the debates on state-religion and state-individual relations. In this regard, the main purpose of the study is to discuss the new global religious trends that emerged with the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, which reshapes state-religion relations through the regulations and measure for containing the virus, in light of the experiences in different regions and religious traditions, and to analyze the relationship between the religion and the state in the Middle East, specifically the cases of Israel and Iran as religious character is dominant and orthodox religious groups play a significant role within the social and political structure in both countries.

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Mass Gathering Medicine: A Predictive Model for Patient Presentation and Transport Rates

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x00025905 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 150-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 114

Author(s):

Paul Arbon ◽

Franklin H.G. Bridgewater ◽

Colleen Smith

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Predictive Model ◽

Regression Models ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Mass Gathering ◽

Mass Gatherings ◽

Public Events ◽

Care Services ◽

Patient Presentation

AbstractIntroduction:This paper reports on research into the influence of environmental factors (including crowd size, temperature, humidity, and venue type) on the number of patients and the patient problems presenting to firstaid services at large, public events in Australia. Regression models were developed to predict rates of patient presentation and of transportation-to-a-hospital for future mass gatherings.Objective:To develop a data set and predictive model that can be applied across venues and types of mass gathering events that is not venue or event specific. Data collected will allow informed event planning for future mass gatherings for which health care services are required.Methods:Mass gatherings were defined as public events attended by in excess of 25,000 people. Over a period of 12 months, 201 mass gatherings attended by a combined audience in excess of 12 million people were surveyed through-out Australia. The survey was undertaken by St. John Ambulance Australia personnel. The researchers collected data on the incidence and type of patients presenting for treatment and on the environmental factors that may influence these presentations. A standard reporting format and definition of event geography was employed to overcome the event-specific nature of many previous surveys.Results:There are 11,956 patients in the sample. The patient presentation rate across all event types was 0.992/1,000 attendees, and the transportation-to-hospital rate was 0.027/1,000 persons in attendance. The rates of patient presentations declined slightly as crowd sizes increased. The weather (particularly the relative humidity) was related positively to an increase in the rates of presentations. Other factors that influenced the number and type of patients presenting were the mobility of the crowd, the availability of alcohol, the event being enclosed by a boundary, and the number of patient-care personnel on duty.Three regression models were developed to predict presentation rates at future events.Conclusions:Several features of the event environment influence patient presentation rates, and that the prediction of patient load at these events is complex and multifactorial. The use of regression modeling and close attention to existing historical data for an event can improve planning and the provision of health care services at mass gatherings.

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Medical Care at Mass Gatherings: Considerations for Physician Involvement

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x00042163 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 273-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Steven J. Parrillo

Keyword(s):

Medical Care ◽

Mass Gathering ◽

Emergency Medical Care ◽

Mass Gatherings ◽

Public Events ◽

Medical Needs ◽

Mass Public ◽

Emergency Medical ◽

Delivery Of Medical Care ◽

Few Data

AbstractAlthough many authorities define a “mass gathering” as a group exceeding 1,000 persons, several times that number likely are to be present. The event for which the group will gather may be anything from a rock concert to an Olympic competition. Preparations for the event can be minor or major. This article reviews the issues that a physician should consider if he or she chooses to become involved in the delivery of medical care to such populations, as well as the evidence suggesting that a physician should be involved in most such gatherings.Emergency medical care at public gatherings is haphazard at best and dangerous at worst.There are surprisingly few data from which to plan the emergency medical needs for public events and no recognized standards or guidelines for providing emergency medical services at mass public gatherings.

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“MedTRIS” (Medical Triage and Registration Informatics System): A Web-based Client Server System for the Registration of Patients Being Treated in First Aid Posts at Public Events and Mass Gatherings

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x16000728 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 557-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Stefan Gogaert ◽

Axel Vande veegaete ◽

Annelies Scholliers ◽

Philippe Vandekerckhove

Keyword(s):

First Aid ◽

Close Monitoring ◽

Data Set ◽

Web Based ◽

Client Server ◽

Mass Gatherings ◽

Public Events ◽

System A ◽

Informatics System ◽

Server System

AbstractFirst aid (FA) services are provisioned on-site as a preventive measure at most public events. In Flanders, Belgium, the Belgian Red Cross-Flanders (BRCF) is the major provider of these FA services with volunteers being deployed at approximately 10,000 public events annually. The BRCF has systematically registered information on the patients being treated in FA posts at major events and mass gatherings during the last 10 years. This information has been collected in a web-based client server system called “MedTRIS” (Medical Triage and Registration Informatics System). MedTRIS contains data on more than 200,000 patients at 335 mass events. This report describes the MedTRIS architecture, the data collected, and how the system operates in the field. This database consolidates different types of information with regards to FA interventions in a standardized way for a variety of public events. MedTRIS allows close monitoring in “real time” of the situation at mass gatherings and immediate intervention, when necessary; allows more accurate prediction of resources needed; allows to validate conceptual and predictive models for medical resources at (mass) public events; and can contribute to the definition of a standardized minimum data set (MDS) for mass-gathering health research and evaluation.GogaertS, Vande veegaeteA, ScholliersA, VandekerckhoveP. “MedTRIS” (Medical Triage and Registration Informatics System): a web-based client server system for the registration of patients being treated in first aid posts at public events and mass gatherings. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(5):557–562.

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American Custom, Ritual, and Holidays

The Oxford Handbook of American Folklore and Folklife Studies ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190840617.013.12 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 255-276

Author(s):

Jack Santino

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Life Course ◽

First Century ◽

The Political ◽

Public Events ◽

Close Study ◽

Twenty First Century ◽

The Life Course ◽

Comprehensive Study

Since the nineteenth century, attention in folklore and folklife studies has shifted from viewing certain customary symbolic actions such as “calendar customs” and rituals of the life course to a more inclusive performance-oriented perspective on holidays and customs. Folklorists recognize the multiplicity of events that people may consider ritual and festival, and the porous nature of these categories. The concept of the “sacred” has expanded to include realms other than the strictly religious, so as to include the political and other domains, both official and unofficial. A comprehensive study of ritual and festival incorporates a close study of folk and popular actions as well as institutional ceremony. In the twenty-first century, approaching events as both carnivalesque and ritualesque allows folklorists to describe purpose and intention in public events, and to account for political, commemorative, celebratory, and festive elements in any particular event.

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Asymptomatic transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 and implications for mass gatherings

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses ◽

10.1111/irv.12767 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 596-598 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Justin Wong ◽

Sirajul Adli Jamaludin ◽

Mohammad Fathi Alikhan ◽

Liling Chaw

Keyword(s):

Mass Gatherings

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Festival Glasperlenspiel, Estonia. Tartu 9–15 July 2020 and Saaremaa 15–18 July 2020.

Tempo ◽

10.1017/s0040298220000704 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (295) ◽

pp. 95-96

Author(s):

Lauri Supponen

Keyword(s):

Relative Stability ◽

25Th Anniversary ◽

Music Festivals ◽

Public Events

Although 2020 will mostly be remembered as a period of hiatus for music festivals, a period of relative stability during the summer in Estonia enabled the festival Glasperlenspiel to hold most of its 25th anniversary programme. The strict restrictions on travel and gatherings (limited to 2 people in March) were eased in May when Covid cases in Estonia went under 10 per 100,000. Travel from Finland opened without restrictions on June 15, and the festival organisers knew in May that public events would again be allowed as of July 1. They were cutting it rather close, as until 30 June public events were completely prohibited.

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(P2-42) Mass-Gathering Risks in the Beijing Subway System

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x11004869 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S1) ◽

pp. s149-s149

Author(s):

W. Du ◽

G. Fitzgerald

Keyword(s):

Health And Safety ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Mass Gathering ◽

Psychosocial Risks ◽

Mass Gatherings ◽

Biomedical Monitoring ◽

Safety Aspects ◽

Safety And Health ◽

Subway System ◽

Beijing Subway

IntroductionMass gatherings pose a significant risk on health and safety. The mass gathering in the subway systems in Beijing represents a daily risk. An average of 4.52 million passengers rode the subway each day between 15 November and 30 November 2010, with the highest daily passenger number totaling 5.14 million. The purpose of this study is to identify the health and safety aspects of mass gatherings in Beijing subways, and proposes strategies that may mitigate these risks.MethodsThe methods included a literature review, field visitation of the subway systems, and interviews of 20 passengers and 10 management personnel from the subway system.ResultsMany safety and health measures has been taken by the Beijing Subway System, including emergency exit signs and other safety signs, prohibition of smoking, firefighting equipment and explosion-proof tanks, safety inspection of bags, and safety education in the subways. However, additional key health and safety aspects were indentified, including: (1) lack of strict flow control of passengers in interchange subway stations; (2) lack of platform safety gates in Line 1, Line 2, Line 13; (3) lack of passenger control during peak hours; (4) lack of biomedical monitoring systems in the subways; and (5) lack of health facilities and rescue equipments in the subways.ConclusionsMass gatherings pose great risks on subway passengers in Beijing, including psychosocial risks, biomedical risks, and environmental risks. Additional safety measures need to be taken to ensure the safety and health of passengers in subways in Beijing.

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DNA sonification for public engagement in bioinformatics

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05685-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Heleen Plaisier ◽

Thomas R. Meagher ◽

Daniel Barker

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequence ◽

Public Engagement ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Sensory Perception ◽

Data Representation ◽

Sequence Information ◽

Dna Sequence Data ◽

Public Events ◽

Dna Base ◽

Alternative Means

Abstract Objective Visualisation methods, primarily color-coded representation of sequence data, have been a predominant means of representation of DNA data. Algorithmic conversion of DNA sequence data to sound—sonification—represents an alternative means of representation that uses a different range of human sensory perception. We propose that sonification has value for public engagement with DNA sequence information because it has potential to be entertaining as well as informative. We conduct preliminary work to explore the potential of DNA sequence sonification in public engagement with bioinformatics. We apply a simple sonification technique for DNA, in which each DNA base is represented by a specific note. Additionally, a beat may be added to indicate codon boundaries or for musical effect. We report a brief analysis from public engagement events we conducted that featured this method of sonification. Results We report on use of DNA sequence sonification at two public events. Sonification has potential in public engagement with bioinformatics, both as a means of data representation and as a means to attract audience to a drop-in stand. We also discuss further directions for research on integration of sonification into bioinformatics public engagement and education.

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