scholarly journals HIV test-seeking before and after the restriction of anonymous testing in North Carolina.

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 1446-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Hertz-Picciotto ◽  
L W Lee ◽  
C Hoyo
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Anonymous Testing ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Before And After

Genetic Exceptionalism vs. Paradigm Shift: Lessons from HIV

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lainie Friedman Ross
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Consent Forms ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Anonymous Testing ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Exceptionalism

The term “exceptionalism” was introduced into health care in 1991 when Bayer described “HIV exceptionalism” as the policy of treating the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) different from other infectious diseases, particularly other sexually transmitted diseases. It was reflected in the following practices: pre- and post-HIV test counseling, the development of specific separate consent forms for HIV testing, and stringent requirements for confidentiality of HIV test results. The justification for these practices was the belief that testing was essential for prevention and that patients might not seek HIV testing if confidentiality were not guaranteed. Confidentiality was believed to be particularly important given the degree of discrimination and stigmatization associated with the illness. Anonymous testing was a further step in ensuring strict confidentiality, even though such a practice prevented public officials from contacting partners and others who were at risk.

scholarly journals The Migration Pattern of Florida Seasonal Farmworkers

EDIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengfei Guan ◽  
Berdikul Qushim ◽  
Feng Wu ◽  
Alicia J. Whidden
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Strawberry Industry ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Seasonal Farmworkers

This article investigates the migration pattern of seasonal farmworkers in the Florida strawberry industry based on a worker survey conducted in 2016. In the survey, we asked workers where they were working and what crops they were working on before this job. We also asked where they would migrate and what crops they would be working on after this job.  We found most workers were from Florida, Michigan, North Carolina, California in that order, and similar percentages of workers would migrate to these states after the job. Blueberries, tomatoes, and apples were the top three crops they were working on before and after the job.

scholarly journals Effect of the Strengthening Opioid Misuse Prevention (STOP) Act on Opioid Prescription Practices After Ankle Fracture Fixation

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 247301141988902
Author(s):  
S. Hanif Hussaini ◽  
Kevin Y. Wang ◽  
T. David Luo ◽  
Aaron T. Scott
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Ankle Fractures ◽  
Opioid Misuse ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Prescription Practices ◽  
Prevention Act ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Operative Fixation ◽  
Ed Visits

Background: In North Carolina, the Strengthen Opioid Misuse Prevention Act of 2017 (STOP Act) went into effect on January 1, 2018, intending to increase oversight over opioid prescriptions. This study compares postoperative narcotic prescription practices following operative fixation of ankle fractures before and after the STOP Act. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of patients 18 years and older who underwent operative fixation of ankle fractures between January 1 and June 30, 2017 (before STOP Act), and between January 1 and June 30, 2018 (after STOP Act). Variables of interest included demographics, amount of opioids prescribed postoperatively, number of prescription refills, and number of pain-related calls or visits to the emergency department (ED) or clinic after surgery. This study assessed 71 patients in the Pre group and 47 patients in the Post group. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in the average number of postoperative narcotic pills prescribed after the STOP Act (52.7 vs 76.2, P < .001). There was also a statistically significant decrease in the average number of prescription refills (0.6 vs 1.0, P = .037). There were no significant changes in pain-related clinic calls (35.2% Pre vs 34.0% Post, P = .896), pain-related clinic visits ahead of schedule (4.2% Pre vs 6.4% Post, P = .681), or pain-related ED visits (2.8% Pre vs 10.6% Post, P = .113). Conclusion: In the postoperative period after operative fixation of ankle fractures, the volume of narcotic prescriptions decreased after the new legislation, without an associated strain on medical resources. Level of Evidence: Level III, therapeutic, comparative study.

The Impact of Regionalization of Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Cancer in North Carolina since 2004

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Z. Swan ◽  
David J. Niemeyer ◽  
Ramanathan M. Seshadri ◽  
Kyle J. Thompson ◽  
Amanda Walters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Major Morbidity ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
The Impact

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) carries a significant risk. High-volume centers (HVCs) provide improved outcomes and regionalization is advocated. Rapid regionalization could, however, have detrimental effects. North Carolina has multiple HVCs, including an additional HVC added in late 2006. We investigated regionalization of PD and its effects before, and after, the establishment of this fourth HVC. The North Carolina Hospital Discharge Database was queried for all PDs performed during 2004 to 2006 and 2007 to 2009. Hospitals were categorized by PD volume as: low (one to nine/year), medium (10 to 19/year), and high (20/year or more). Mortality and major morbidity was assessed by comparing volume groups across time periods. Number of PDs for cancer increased 91 per cent (129 to 246 cases) at HVCs, whereas decreasing at low-volume (62 to 58 cases) and medium-volume (80 to 46 cases) centers. Percentage of PD for cancer performed at HVCs increased significantly (47.6 to 70.3%) while decreasing for low- and medium-volume centers ( P < 0.001). Mortality was significantly less at HVCs (2.8%) compared with low-volume centers (10.3%) for 2007 to 2009. Odds ratio for mortality was significantly lower at HVCs during 2004 to 2006 (0.31) and 2007 to 2009 (0.34). Mortality for PD performed for cancer decreased from 6.6 to 4.6 per cent ( P = 0.31). Major morbidity was not significantly different between groups within either time period; however, there was a significant increase in major morbidity at low-volume centers ( P = 0.018). Regionalization of PD for cancer is occurring in North Carolina. Mortality was significantly lower at HVCs, and rapid regionalization has not detracted from the superior outcomes at HVCs.

Sexually transmitted disease rates before and after HIV testing

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 291-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel George ◽  
John Green ◽  
Siobhan Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Disease ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Negative Test ◽  
Negative Test Result ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Test Result

Summary: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of having an HIV-positive or negative test result on sexual risk behaviour before and after the test. Longitudinal retrospective case-note survey identifying new episodes of sexually transmitted disease (STD) infections in 114 subjects testing HIV positive and 114 matched negatives were examined at the Genitourinary Medicine Department, St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London. Across the whole sample in the year after HIV testing the number of cases of new STD infections was 40% of the number of cases in the year prior to HIV testing. There was no association between serostatus and incidence of STD infections before and after HIV testing. Of those testing negative, 5.3% were identified as having a new infection in the year after the HIV test, while amongst those testing positive there was a rate of new STDs of 2.6%. In conclusion, there was no evidence that having a negative test result increased the risk of acquisition of new STDs. Rates of new STD infections amongst seropositives in the year after HIV testing were low.

Indicator condition-guided HIV testing with an electronic prompt in primary healthcare: a before and after evaluation of an intervention

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laia Cayuelas Redondo ◽  
Marina Ruíz ◽  
Belchin Kostov ◽  
Ethel Sequeira ◽  
Pablo Noguera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Younger Patient ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Test Request ◽  
Made In

ObjectiveIndicator condition (IC)-guided HIV testing is a strategy for the diagnosis of patients with HIV. The aim of this study was to assess the impact on the proportion of HIV tests requested after the introduction of an electronic prompt instructing primary healthcare (PHC) physicians to request an HIV test when diagnosing predefined IC.MethodsA prospective interventional study was conducted in 2015 in three PHC centres in Barcelona to assess the number of HIV test requests made during the implementation of an electronic prompt. Patients aged 18–65 years without HIV infection and with a new diagnosis of predefined IC were included. The results were compared with preprompt (2013) and postprompt data (2016).ResultsDuring the prompt period, 832 patients presented an IC (median age 41.6 years [IQR 30–54], 48.2% female). HIV tests were requested in 296 individuals (35, 6%) and blood tests made in 238. Four HIV infections were diagnosed (positivity rate 1.7%, 95% CI 0.5% to 4.4%). The number of HIV tests requested based on IC increased from 12.6% in 2013 to 35.6% in 2015 (p<0.001) and fell to 17.9% after removal of the prompt in 2016 (p<0.001). Younger patient age (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96 to 0.98), birth outside Spain (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.21) and younger physician age (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96 to 0.99) were independent predictive factors for an HIV test request during the prompt period. The electronic prompt (OR 3.36, 95% CI 2.70 to 4.18) was the factor most closely associated with HIV test requests. It was estimated that 10 (95% CI 3.0 to 26.2) additional new cases would have been diagnosed if an HIV test had been performed in all patients presenting an IC.ConclusionsA significant increase in HIV test requests was observed during the implementation of the electronic prompt. The results suggest that this strategy could be useful in increasing IC-guided HIV testing in PHC centres.

Comparison of sonographs taken before and after Hurricane Diana, Onslow Bay, North Carolina

Geology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Mearns ◽  
Albert C. Hine ◽  
Stanley R. Riggs
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals HIV-related risk factors of blood donors in northern Thailand before and after knowing HIV test results

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-413
Author(s):  
P Sawanpanyalert ◽  
W Uthaivoravit ◽  
H Yanai ◽  
K Limpakarnjanarat ◽  
T. Mastro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Before And After

Asthma-Related Emergency Department Visits in North Carolina Following Hurricane Irene

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Kristen N. Cowan ◽  
Audrey F. Pennington ◽  
Kanta Sircar ◽  
W. Dana Flanders
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Hurricane Irene ◽  
Asthma Exacerbations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
Disaster Declarations ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Objective: Previous research suggests that people with asthma may experience a worsening of symptoms following hurricanes due to changes in environmental exposures, discontinuity in chronic disease management, and stress. The objective of this study was to estimate changes in asthma-related emergency department (ED) visits in North Carolina following Hurricane Irene, which made landfall in August 2011. Methods: Changes in asthma-related ED visits in September to December of 2010 and 2011 were examined using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Emergency Department and Inpatient Databases. A Poisson generalized linear model was used to estimate the association between Federal Emergency Management Agency disaster declarations following Hurricane Irene and county-level asthma-related ED visits controlling for month, year, and county. Results: Following Hurricane Irene, disaster declarations were made for 38 of 100 counties in North Carolina. In September 2010, the rate of asthma-related ED visits for North Carolina was 6 per 10,000 person-months. In September 2011, rates of asthma-related ED visits were similar in counties with and without disaster declarations (7 and 5 per 10,000 person-months, respectively). When adjusting for covariates, there was little or no difference in the rate of asthma ED visits before and after the hurricane between counties with and without a disaster declaration (rate ratio {RR} [95% confidence interval {CI}] = 1.02[0.97, 1.08]). Conclusions: Although risk factors for asthma exacerbations increase following hurricanes, these results found little evidence of an increase in asthma-related ED visits in North Carolina following Hurricane Irene.

Introduction

Lethal State ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Seth Kotch
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Death Row ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of

The introduction frames the themes and subjects of the book, including racial discrimination, cruelty, advocacy movements, and reform. It briefly outlines the history of the death penalty in North Carolina before and after the Civil War and describes the growth of the state’s incarceration infrastructure, including Central Prison, where death row is still located.

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