scholarly journals Consorts of gastropod Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) in the Northern Black Sea. Part II: Mollusca (Polyplacophora, Bivalvia)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. Bondarev ◽  
N. K. Revkov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Rapana Venosa ◽  
The Core ◽  
The North ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Plastic Bag

The study of mollusks-symbionts of the predatory gastropod Rapana venosa is a continuation of the work on the description of the taxonomic composition of the epibiont complex formed on the shell of the rapana. Modern studies of invasive gastropods R. venosa show that the ecological role of this species is not reduced only to predation. On a fairly large rapana shell a specific complex of organisms-epibionts considered as a consortium can be formed, the core of which is R. venosa. The consort of the gastropod mollusk-invader R. venosa is poorly understood and unaccounted for link in benthic communities and the ecosystem of the Black Sea shelf. In order to study the rapana consortian community, sampling were conducted in 7 regions of the Northern part of the Black Sea: 1 – Mamaya, Romania; 2 – the north-western part of the Black Sea, Crimean sector; 3 – Sevastopol, 4 – Alupka, 5 – Yalta – Alushta, 6 – Karadag, 7 – Kerch Strait. The sampling of R. venosa in the coastal zone to a depth of 15 m was carried out with the use of light-diving equipment, while in the deeper zone (up to 40 m), the “Ocean-50” bottom grab was used on board of the RV “Professor Vodyanitsky”. The collection of specimens was carried out totally, each sample was placed in a separate plastic bag indicating the collection region, depth and biotope. Along with the collection of mollusks, visual observations and photographic fixation of hydrobionts in situ were carried out. A total 890 specimens of R. venosa were sampled and analyzed. Compared with previous studies, the taxonomic list of consonant mollusks of R. venosa has been significantly expanded. The mollusc-consorts found on rapana have been classified into three classes: Polyplacophora, Bivalvia, Gastropoda. In this part of the investigation Polyplacophora, presented in a consortium of 3 species of 2 genera of 2 families, and Bivalvia, 7 species of 7 genera of 5 families, were considered. It was found that mollusks are an important component of the consortium of rapana. On rocky rapana ecomorph chitons were observed at a frequency of up to 25 %, on sandy rapana — up to 10 %, in the consortium of rapans as a whole chitons were found in around 12 % frequency. More than 80 % of the all chitons total number on rapana is in Lepidochitona cinerea. The occurrence of Bivalvia in most of the investigated regions is 50–75 %. The area of covering the shell of rapana with bivalves is usually 2–20 %, sometimes reaching 85 %. The most common species of bivalves and mollusks as a whole in the consortium of the Black Sea rapana is the Mytilaster lineatus. Most Bivalvia have a close relationship with the core of the consortium attaching to the surface of the shell of the rapana, and at the earliest stages and to the surface of the epiphytes. Representatives of Polyplacophora are confined mainly to the rocky form of rapana, while Bivalvia show a greater species diversity in the consociation of the ecomorph R. venosa of loose grounds (6 species) than the rocky form (3 species). Differences in the taxonomic composition of epibionts and the percent coverage of the shell of the two ecoforms of R. venosa are predominantly determined by specific dynamic impact of the water mass in the zones of development of rocky and loose grounds.

scholarly journals Consorts of gastropod Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) in the Northern Black Sea. Part I: Porifera, Cnidaria, Bryozoa, Chordata

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. Bondarev ◽  
N. K. Revkov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Fauna ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Shell Surface ◽  
Rapana Venosa ◽  
The Core ◽  
Rapa Whelk

Gastropod mollusk-invader Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) in the 1940s took a free ecological niche terminal predator in benthic communities of the Black Sea shelf and has become an important element of the ecosystem. The ability of rapa whelk to have a devastating impact on the biocenosis filter feeders determines the necessity of constant monitoring of this species populations’ state. The study of rapa whelk showed that the ecological role of this species is not limited to predation. Fairly large shell R. venosa is a solid substrate for alga, attached and restrictedly movable (sedentary) benthic animal organisms, among which mobile free-living forms sometimes find shelter. The aim of the work is to describe specific complex of epibiotic organisms formed on rapa-whelk shells, which is regarded as a consortium, where of R. venosa is the core. To study the consort community of R. venosa a sampling was made in 7 regions of the northern part of the Black Sea: 1 – Mamaia beach, Romania, 2 – the north-western part of the Black Sea (NWBS), Crimean sector, 3 – Sevastopol, 4 – Alupka, 5 – Yalta – Alushta, 6 – Karadag, 7 – the Kerch Strait. The sampling in the coastal zone (less then 15 m depth) was carried out by SCUBA and snorkel diving, deeper (up to 40 m) was used “Ocean-50”grab corer was used. Totally of 856 specimens of R. venosa were collected and analyzed. The main bulk of the material in the amount of 750 specimens of R. venosa was sampled in the coastal zone in Sevastopol vicinity (south-western Crimea) at the depth range of 1.5–10.0 m. The collection of the rapa whelk specimens was carried out totally and each specimen was placed in a separate plastic bag indicating the collection area, depth and biotope. Along with the mollusks sampling, visual observations and photographic fixation of hydrobionts in situ were carried out. Based on the research results the taxonomic list of rapa whelk epibiotic organisms was extended and for the first time the taxonomic composition of the mobile forms permanently or temporarily present in the R. venosa consortium was given. The first part of the investigation provides a list of rapa whelk epibionts taxa relating to four (Porifera, Cnidaria, Bryozoa, Chordata) of the seven detected Phyla with indication of sampling depths and bottom type and comments on the frequency of occurrence, the quantity and of their interaction with the consortium core. Phylum Porifera is represented by 1, Bryozoa – 3 Cnidaria – 2 and Chordata – 4 species. The drilling sponge Pione vastifica was found in all the investigated areas, except region 2 (NWBS), with a frequency of 20 to 90 % and the shell surface area damage was up to 100 % (average 30–35 %). Not numerous representatives of Cnidaria were found singly in the region 3 (Actinia equina) and in the region 5 (Diadumene lineata). Bryozoans are the most common group of animal-consorts of rapa whelk present in all the areas of our research. The frequency of their occurrence ranged from 10 to 100 %, the covering area of the shell surface was from 0 to 85 %. More than 90 % of the total surface area of rapana shell cover with bryozoans and their occurrence is in Cryptosula pallasiana. The second bryozoans’ species on development indices is Conopeum seurati, which was found in areas 3, 6 and 7, where the occurrence was up to 30 % and the coverage was up to 25 %. The other 3 species of bryozoans (Schizomavella auriculata, Bowerbankia imbricata, Hippothoa sp.) were found rarely. Representatives of Chordata – 2 species of ascidians (Botryllus schlosseri, Ciona intestinalis) and 3 species of fish (Diplecogaster bimaculata, Parablennius tentacularis, Scorpaena porcus) were recorded singly in regions 2, 3, 5. For the four Phyla of animal organisms considered the consorts list of R. venosa of the sandy bottom biotopes (10 species) is twice more numerous than that of the rocky eco-form (5 species). The organisms studied are of a different degree and nature of relations with the core consortium from commensalism to parasitism. Generalized information on periphyton and total coverage of rapa whelk shells with epibiotic complex is given. The results of the work show that in the Black Sea R. venosa has become an important element of the ecosystem, increasing biological diversity of the bottom fauna due to the formation of its own consortium complexes of epibiontic organisms.

scholarly journals Consorts of gastropod Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) in the Northern Black Sea. Part III: Mollusca (Gastropoda)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
I. P. Bondarev ◽  
N. K. Revkov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Gastropod Species ◽  
Rapana Venosa ◽  
Rapa Whelk

This work is a continuation of a series of descriptions of the taxonomic composition of the consort community of Rapana venosa. The shell of the large invasive gastropod R. venosa, which occupies the ecological niche of the terminal predator in benthic community, is simultaneously an attractive substrate for various hydrobionts – fouling and associated mobile forms, one of which is small gastropod mollusks. The latter are poorly explored and accounted for in the R. venosa consortium. The study of this group of hydrobionts in the composition of epibionts of rapana was carried out on the material obtained in 7 regions of the northern part of the Black Sea: 1 – Mamaya, coast of Romania; 2 – NW Crimean coast, Tarkhankut area; 3 – SW coast of Crimea, Sevastopol; 4 – Southern coast of Crimea, Alupka; 5 – Southern coast of Crimea, Yalta – Alushta; 6 – SE coast of Crimea, Karadag; 7 – Kerch Strait. Sampling of rapa-whelk in the coastal zone up to a depth of 15 m was carried out using light water diving equipment, in the deeper zone (up to 40 m), the “Ocean-50” bottom grabber was used from the board of the RV “Professor Vodyanitsky”. Gastropods as consorts of rapa-whelk were found predominantly in reg. 3, where in the summer – autumn season 2015–2017 the most detailed works were carried out and about 90 % of the material was sampled (1100 of 1216 R. venosa specimens). It was found that gastropods in the consortia of rapana were represented by 14 species of 9 genera of 6 families, 7 species of them with egg laying. The gastropods were observed in the consortium of R. venosa mainly in the epiphyton community of algal fouling of the shell, where the mollusc-consorts can form significant clusters – more than 60 individuals. Directly on the shell of the rapa-whelk, the gastropods were found singly or in small groups – from 2–5 to 10 individuals. The most numerous and often occurring (up to 25 %) gastropod species in the consortium of R. venosa was Bittium reticulatum (Cerithiidae). Less numerous were Tricolia pullus (Phasianellidae) (5–10 %, in Kazachya Bay – up to 25 %) and Rissoa splendida (Rissoidae) (the occurrence on the average was about 10 %). The remaining species were observed singly. The highest species diversity and abundance of gastropods were recorded at the depth of 4–10 m in the consortium of loose soils R. venosa ecomorph – 14 species; on the rocky ecomorph of rapa-whelk inhabiting the zone of more intensive hydrodynamics – only 2 species. Our research demonstrates that the ecological role of the invasive species of the Black Sea fauna, R. venosa, is not limited to be a predation. In particular, it contributes to reproduction, development and resettlement of other gastropod species. In the biotope of loose soils, where the there is a deficit of the solid substrate necessary for reproduction of many species of hydrobionts, including gastropods, R. venosa is “oasis” increasing the biological diversity of the benthos as a whole.

scholarly journals ZOOPLANKTON OF THE NORTH-EASTERN PART OF THE BLACK SEA OFF THE COAST OF TAMAN IN THE SUMMER-AUTUMN PERIOD 2018–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
N.P. Remizova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mnemiopsis Leidyi ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Oithona Davisae ◽  
Invading Species ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Eastern Part

The taxonomic composition and quantitative characteristics of zooplankton in the northeastern part of the Black Sea near the Taman coast in the summer-autumn period of 2018–2019 were studied. Zooplankton was represented mainly by eurythermic and thermophilic forms. All the discovered species and taxa are currently typical of the Black Sea, including the invading species: copepods Acartia tonsa, Oithona davisae, and combtails Mnemiopsis leidyi, Beroe ovata. The average number of zooplankton in 2018 ranged from 2.7–15.9 thousand copies/m3, the biomass – 0.02–0.14 g/m3; its indicators in 2019; they were lower, respectively, 2.0–5.6 thousand copies/m3 and 0.02–0.07 g/m3. These indicators were within the values recorded earlier, in 2013–2014. A significant part of the coastal zooplankton is meroplankton, which accounted for 5–69% of the population and 4–47% its biomass. O. davisae dominated amoung copepods. This speciest was leading in numbers in both years except June 2019. Despite the similarity of the taxonomic composition of zooplankton, the dominant species in terms of biomass differed by month in two years.

scholarly journals Consorts of gastropod Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) in the northern Black Sea. Part V: Annelida (Polychaeta)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
I. P. Bondarev ◽  
N. A. Boltachova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Rapana Venosa ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Rapa Whelk

The study of Annelida (Polychaeta) taxocene – epibionts of the invasive gastropod Rapana venosa – continues the cycle of publications describing the composition of the consortium of the largest gastropod of the Black Sea benthos. R. venosa consortium is still a poorly investigated and unaccounted component in the structure of the Black Sea shelf biocenoses. The aim of this work is to study the complex of polychaetes of R. venosa consortium. The objectives of this stage are as follows: compiling a list of Annelida (Polychaeta) taxa – rapa whelk epibionts; studying taxocene biogeographic and trophic structure; and analyzing ecological relationships of polychaetes with the consortium core. To study the consort community of rapa whelk, sampling was conducted in seven areas of the northern Black Sea: 1 – Mamaia, Romania; 2 – northwestern Black Sea, Crimea offshore; 3 – Sevastopol; 4 – Alupka; 5 – Yalta – Alushta; 6 – Karadag; 7 – Kerch Strait. In the coastal area down to a depth of 15 m, R. venosa was sampled totally using surface-supplied diving equipment; in the deeper-water area (up to 40 m), samples were taken with an “Ocean-50” bottom grab from the board of the RV “Professor Vodyanitsky”. Each rapa whelk specimen (sample) was placed in a separate plastic bag, with the indication of the area, depth, and biotope. In total, 2,411 samples were taken and analyzed: 977 – rock rapa whelks and 1434 – sand rapa whelks. R. venosa shell coverage with epibionts (fouling intensity) was determined as a percentage of the total area of the outer shell surface. Polychaeta taxocene of R. venosa consortium includes 31 species representing 31 genera of 15 families of 2 subclasses. Most species (18) belong to Errantia, and half of them are representatives of the families Nereididae and Syllidae. Sedentaria includes 13 species; by the largest number of species (4), the family Serpulidae is represented. Polychaeta taxocene of R. venosa consortium is represented by three biogeographic groups: native species of the Mediterranean-Atlantic genesis (84 %), the Black Sea endemics (10 %), and recent invaders of various geographical genesis (6 %). On sand rapa whelk, 31 Polychaeta species were found; on rock rapa whelk, only 5 species were recorded. The indicators of Polychaeta fauna development differ significantly by the depth and research area. The most diverse polychaetes are those in bays of Sevastopol (the area No. 3) at depths of 2–10 m; the maximum depth of Polychaeta finding (40 m) corresponds to the greatest depth of rapa whelk sampling. The area of shell coverage with polychaetes reaches 70 %; occurrence in several areas is up to 95 %. The maximum number of species found at a single rapa whelk specimen is 8; on average, 2–4 Polychaeta species are recorded at R. venosa individuals. Taxonomic diversity and abundance of polychaetes determine their significance in R. venosa consortium. Due to the invasive predatory mollusc R. venosa, polychaetes get additional opportunities for spread on the Black Sea shelf.

Modeling of ecological conditions in the Euxine Basin in the Sarmatian and Maeotian by methods of diatom analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 257-261
Author(s):  
Eleonora P. Radionova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Subtidal Zone ◽  
Diatom Analysis ◽  
Diatom Flora ◽  
North West ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
The North

The associations and ecological conditions of the existence of modern diatoms of the North-West (Pridneprovsky), Prikerchensky and Eastern regions of the subtidal zone of the Black Sea are considered. Based on the unity of the composition of the Present and Sarmatian-Meotian diatom flora, an attempt has been made to model some of the ecological c situation of the Late Miocene Euxinian basin.

An Evaluation of the Wind Energy in the North-West of the Black Sea

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Onea ◽  
Eugen Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

Oscillations of the Black Sea sea level in the north part of the coast

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Goryachkin ◽  
V. A. Ivanov ◽  
Yu. A. Stepanyants
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
North Part

Influence of Currents and Atmospheric Circulation on the Efficiency of European Anchovy Fishing during its Wintering off the Black Sea Coast of the Krasnodar Territory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Panov ◽  
E. O. Spiridonova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Mesoscale Eddy ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Short Term ◽  
European Anchovy ◽  
The North ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Sea Coast

Russian fishermen harvest European anchovy primarily off the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory during its wintering and wintering migrations. At wintering grounds, temperature conditions become a secondary factor in determining the behaviour of commercial concentration of European anchovy, with wind and currents being the primary factors. Therefore, the aim of this work is to determine the potential use of daily data on water circulation and local atmospheric transport in short-term (1–7 days) forecasting of European anchovy fishing in the Black Sea. The research used the European anchovy fishery monitoring materials for January – March 2019, as well as daily maps of the Black and Azov Seas level anomalies (from satellite altimetry data) and surface atmospheric pressure and temperature in Europe (analysis) for the mentioned period. The dynamics of the catch rate and its relation to altimetry and atmospheric transport indicators in the north-eastern part of the Black Sea were investigated using graphical and correlation methods. This analysis showed that the main factor contributing to increased catches is intensification of northwest currents in the coastal 60-km zone. The effect of atmospheric transport on fishing efficiency depends on the mesoscale eddy structure of the nearshore current field. In the presence of an intense northwest current in the fishing area, southwest atmospheric transports have a positive effect on fishing, while in the presence of an anticyclonic meander of currents, northeast atmospheric transports become effective. The presence of maximum significant relationships when the determinants of fishing performance are shifted by 1–7 days allows making short-term predictions of fishing efficiency.

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