scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of the balance and synoptic methods of determination of the assimilation volume of water ecosystems

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
H. H. Asadov ◽  
S. A. Askerova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Quantitative Correlation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
Mass Volume ◽  
Assimilation Capacity

The assimilation capacity of sea waters is known to be defined as a maximum dynamic volume of such content of pollutants which can be accumulated, destructed, transformed and excluded out of the limits of the ecosystem during a curtain time period if normal condition functioning of the ecosystem is not disturbed. The paper focuses on comparative analysis of assimilation capacity calculated using balance and synoptic methods. Geometrical representation of the compared methods in 3-D space {Т, V, C} is suggested, where T is time interval, V is water mass volume, C is concentration of pollutants. Quantitative correlation between two considered values of assimilation capacity is given. The results obtained are applied for some areas of coastal northern zones of Azerbaijan sector of the Caspian Sea. It is shown that in winter season the value of assimilation capacity calculated using synoptic method is somewhat lower in comparison with the same parameter calculated by balance method and equal to 0.6–0.8 share of the latter. Such a result can be considered as much better in comparison with the known results where the difference reaches one order.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis Between Pre-Trading Volume Activities with Post Event Tax Amnesty

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Bayu Teguh Imani ◽  
Satia Nur Maharani ◽  
Sheila Febriani Putri
Keyword(s):  
Trading Volume ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Volume Activity ◽  
Tax Amnesty ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Events Study ◽  
Observation Period

This study aims to determine the difference of Trading Volume Activity that exceed before and after the determination of tax amnesty policy and to figure out the existence of abnormal return formed before and after the determination of the tax amnesty. This study uses the Events Study method with 100 days observation for the estimation period and 15 days for event period. The study used a group of perception banks that listed in BEI in 2016 period as population and 22 selected stocks to be sampled by using saturated sampling method. During the observation period, positive and negative abnormal returns with fluctuating movements were formed. Trading Volume Activity changes between before and after-tax amnesty policy. From these two results, it can be concluded that there was leakage of information before the event published that indicates the form of market efficiency of Indonesia is half strong (semistrong form). Further research is suggested to use the calculation method and time period different from this research in order to obtain more accurate results.

S272 – Diagnostic and Staging Accuracy of MRI vs. CT in CRS

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P166-P166
Author(s):  
Harrison W Lin ◽  
Neil Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Disease Classification ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Sinus Disease ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Staging Accuracy ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Ct And Mri

Objectives Determine the correlation between computed tomography (CT)- and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based staging and classification of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods Paired CT and MRI scans of 89 adult patients who were imaged by both modalities within a 3-month time period for evaluation of pituitary disease were scored for sinus disease using the Lund-Mackay system in a randomized and blinded fashion. The Lund scores were compared for similarity, correlation, and diagnostic classification between modalities. Results The mean Lund scores were 2.3 ± 0.6 (95% CI) for CT-based staging and 2.1 ± 0.5 for MRI-based staging with a median time interval between scans of 3 days. The difference in means was not statistically significant (p=0.444, paired t-test). Correlation analysis revealed a significant association between CT- and MRI-based scores (Pearson's r=0.837, p<0.001). Disease classification agreement analysis using published Lund score cutoffs (3 versus 4) for the likelihood of true sinus disease revealed that CT- and MRI-based scoring agreed on 76 cases (85.4%). Disagreement in disease classification occurred in 13 cases (7 MRI positive but CT negative and 6 CT positive but MRI negative) for a kappa value of 0.557 (p<0.001). Conclusions Lund-Mackay staging of sinus disease by MRI is closely correlated to corresponding staging based on CT. MRI does not significantly over-stage or over-classify patients with sinus disease.

scholarly journals Research on the initial abstraction – storage ratio and its effect on hydrograph simulation at a watershed in Greece

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2169-2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Baltas ◽  
N. A. Dervos ◽  
M. A. Mimikou
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Initial Abstraction ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Runoff Events

Abstract. The present research was conducted at an experimental watershed in the prefecture of Attica, Greece, using the selected observed rainfall-runoff events from a four-year time period. The objectives of this study were two: The first was the determination of the initial abstraction Ia – watershed storage S ratio. The average ratio (Ia/S) was equal to 0.014. The corresponding ratio at a subwatershed was 0.037. The difference was attributed to the different spatial distribution of landuses at the extent of the watershed. The second objective of the study was to examine the effect of the SCS empirical equation on hydrograph simulation. This was investigated through the comparison between the observed and two different simulated hydrographs at each one out of eighteen selected storm events. The simulated hydrographs were calculated by applying on the watershed's unit hydrograph two time distributions of excess rainfall that derived from the SCS method using two different approaches. In the first approach, the initial abstraction was determined from the observed rainfall-runoff data, while in the second, it was calculated using the SCS empirical equation. It was found that the SCS empirical equation estimates greater amount of initial abstraction and leads to the delayed start of the excess rainfall and the simulated runoff. This resulted in the overestimation of the peak flow rate and the time to peak at the majority of the storm events.

scholarly journals A Methodology to Derive Radar Reflectivity–Liquid Equivalent Snow Rate Relations Using C-Band Radar and a 2D Video Disdrometer

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwo-Jong Huang ◽  
V. N. Bringi ◽  
Robert Cifelli ◽  
David Hudak ◽  
W. A. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Apparent Volume ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Radar Reflectivity ◽  
Spherical Diameter ◽  
Fall Speed ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The objective of this work is to derive equivalent radar reflectivity factor–liquid equivalent snow rate (Ze–SR) power-law relations for snowfall using the C-band King City operational weather radar and a 2D video disdrometer (2DVD). The 2DVD provides two orthogonal views of each snow particle that falls through its 10 cm × 10 cm virtual sensor area. The “size” parameter used here for describing the size distribution is based on the “apparent” volume computed from the two images, and an equivolume spherical diameter Dapp is defined. The determination of fall speed is based on matching two images corresponding to the same particle as it falls through two light planes separated by a precalibrated separation distance. A new “rematching” algorithm was developed to improve the quality of the fall speed versus Dapp as compared with the original matching algorithm provided by the manufacturer. The snow density is parameterized in the conventional power-law form , where α and β are assumed to be variable. To account for strong horizontal winds that tend to decrease the measured concentrations from the 2DVD, a third parameter γ is introduced. The methodology estimates the three parameters (α, β, and γ) by minimizing the difference between the radar-measured reflectivity and the equivalent reflectivity computed from the 2DVD in a least squares sense. The optimally determined values of α, β, and γ are used to estimate the SR and the coefficient and exponent of the Ze = a(SR)b relation. For validation, the accumulation from the SR is compared with the manually recorded accumulations from the double-fence international reference (DFIR) gauge. The data were collected during the Canadian Cloudsat Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) Validation Project (C3VP) conducted in Ontario, Canada, during the 2006/07 winter season. A total of seven snow days were analyzed and the accumulation intercomparisons gave a fractional standard deviation of 26% and normalized bias 2.1%. The range of the a and b values for the seven days appear reasonable and similar to conventional Ze–R relations.

A comparison of three techniques to determine the herbage intake of dairy cows grazing kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pasture

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Reeves ◽  
WJ Fulkerson ◽  
RC Kellaway ◽  
H Dove
Keyword(s):  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Pennisetum Clandestinum ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Standard Energy

Two studies were conducted to compare the precision of estimating kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) intake by Friesian cows fed 0, 3 or 6 kg of cereal-based concentrate/cow.day, using a rising plate meter (RPM), standard energy requirements in reverse (RS) and plant wax alkanes as internal markers. Study 1 compared herbage intake estimates obtained using the RPM and RS techniques over a 45-day period. RS estimates were based on the metabolisable energy (ME) of ration components derived from in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD) values. Pregrazing calibration equations for the RPM determined at 2-weekly intervals differed significantly (P<0.01) from postgrazing calibrations; consequently separate equations were used to determine pasture intake as the difference in pre- and post-grazing pasture mass. Estimates of total intake were lower using the RPM than the RS technique for the groups fed 0 kg (12.5 v. 14.8 kg dry matter (DM)/cow.day) and 3 kg (10.4 v. 12.9 kg DM/cow.day) of concentrate, and higher for those receiving 6 kg (10.5 v. 7.8 kg DM/cow.day). In study 2 (12 days duration), intakes derived using alkanes were compared with intakes estimated using the RS and RPM techniques. The C32/C33 alkane pair gave the closest estimate of herbage intake to that obtained using the RPM and RS techniques. Whole diet in vivo DM digestibility (DMD), determined by the alkane method, was not significantly different between the 3 groups (mean 70%), suggesting that digestibility of the kikuyu declined with increasing concentrate supplementation. The in vivo DMD of kikuyu alone (determined in the non-concentrate-supplemented cows) was considerably higher (69.5%) than the OMD determined in vitro (63.9%). By using in vivo rather than in vitro digestibilities for kikuyu in the RS calculations, the intake estimates were reduced by 17%, and for the 0 kg concentrate group, intake estimates aligned closely to predictions of the RPM and alkanes. Concentrates in the diet resulted in lower intake estimates using the RS technique compared with the RPM and alkane techniques. This was most evident at the 6 kg level of supplementation where RS predicted kikuyu intake to be 6.5 kg DM/cow.day using in vivo-derived DMD and this was substantially lower than either the RPM (12.4 kg DM/cow.day) or alkanes (9.2 kg DM/cow.day). The alkane technique provided a direct and precise method of measuring the intake of individual cows grazing tightly-managed kikuyu pasture. With the use of accurate animal production and feed quality parameters, the RS technique can provide sensible pasture intake estimates over an extended time period. The RPM technique is useful for obtaining herd estimates of pasture intake and for the determination of pasture parameters associated with intake.

Shrinkage of Industrial Concrete Floors

2014 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
Lukas Zizka ◽  
Lucie Vackova ◽  
Ludek Spas
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Normative Requirements ◽  
Formation Of Cracks

The paper deals with issues connected to shrinkage of industrial concrete floors and the consequent formation of cracks within the structure, since it handles about an undesirable effect. A huge number of cracks may cause serious defects and faults. The beginnings of the paper do summarise the theoretical background of volumetric changes, discusses their types and explains the possible methodologies for their measurements, the major objective of which is focused on the determination of the amount of cracks. Inside of the experimental part three samples are monitored with respect to shrinkage. The measurements are done with the utilisation of a shrinkage drain and are carried out for a time interval of 12 hours, whereas the structure moves the most under this particular time period. In the last chapters it comes to an evaluation of the results. This includes a comparison of obtained data against normative requirements dealing with shrinkage, and a subsequent a comparison of samples, since the observations are done under the exact same boundary conditions

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating of Modern Peat Profiles: Pre- and Post-Bomb 14C Variations in the Construction of Age-Depth Models

Radiocarbon ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Goslar ◽  
W O van der Knaap ◽  
Sheila Hicks ◽  
Maja Andrič ◽  
Justyna Czernik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Time Period

We present studies of 9 modern (up to 400-yr-old) peat sections from Slovenia, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, and Finland. Precise radiocarbon dating of modern samples is possible due to the large bomb peak of atmospheric 14C concentration in 1963 and the following rapid decline in the 14C level. All the analyzed 14C profiles appeared concordant with the shape of the bomb peak of atmospheric 14C concentration, integrated over some time interval with a length specific to the peat section. In the peat layers covered by the bomb peak, calendar ages of individual peat samples could be determined almost immediately, with an accuracy of 2–3 yr. In the pre-bomb sections, the calendar ages of individual dated samples are determined in the form of multi-modal probability distributions of about 300 yr wide (about AD 1650–1950). However, simultaneous use of the post-bomb and pre-bomb 14C dates, and lithological information, enabled the rejection of most modes of probability distributions in the pre-bomb section. In effect, precise age-depth models of the post-bomb sections have been extended back in time, into the “wiggly” part of the 14C calibration curve.Our study has demonstrated that where annual resolution is concerned, tissues of Sphagnum are the only representative material for 14C dating, although even samples of pure Sphagnum collected from a very thin slice of the peat section contain tissues grown in different years, so they integrate the atmospheric 14C signal over a period of time. This time period (0.5–8 yr, depending on the site) seems to correlate with the peat accumulation rate, but it also depends on how the sampled peat sections were handled. When constructing age-depth models, for some peat sections we used the strategy of multi-stage 14C dating. This led to a drastic reduction in the uncertainty of the age-depth models, by dating only a few additional samples in the profile.Our study is the first in which peat sections from the late pre-bomb time (AD 1900–1960) have been precisely dated at a high temporal resolution. In this time interval, 14C ages of all the samples dated were younger than those derived from the atmospheric calibration curve, apparently due to the effect of integration. Evidently, the determination of calendar ages based on 14C dating of single peat samples from that interval may be affected by a serious error if the possibility of integration is ignored.

scholarly journals Stability of tris-1,10 - phenanthroline iron (II) complex in different composites

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragica Lazic ◽  
Branko Skundric ◽  
Jelena Penavin-Skundric ◽  
Slavica Sladojevic ◽  
Ljubica Vasiljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Iron ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Time Interval ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Composite Samples

The composition of composites has a huge impact on the stability of tris-1, 10 - phenanthroline iron (II) complex during the determination of total iron. The subject of this work is determination the stability of tris-1, 10 - phenanthroline iron (II) complex in different composites. Composites with different concentration in which total iron was determined were alumina and zeolite. Stability of this complex was monitored in a time period of 0-60 min. The aim of this work is to determine the concentration of different composite samples and the time interval in which the stability of the complex is the highest. The spectrophotometric method was used for the determination. The tris-1, 10 - phenanthroline iron (II) complex with alumina is more stable at higher concentration of the samples. With zeolite, however, this complex is stable in a short time interval, regardless of the concentration of the sample. This conclusion indicates on increase of absorption, which is a consequence of impede complex formation and creating a new complex. For this reason, this method has only a limited application.

FRACTIONAL DETERMINATIONS OF URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti A. Järvinen ◽  
Sykkö Pesonen ◽  
Pirkko Väänänen
Keyword(s):  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Daily Urine ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT The fractional determination of 17-ketosteroids in the daily urine was performed in nine cases of hyperemesis gravidarum and in four control cases, in the first trimester of pregnancy both before and after corticotrophin administration. The excretion of total 17-KS is similar in the two groups. Only in the hyperemesis group does the excretion of total 17-KS increase significantly after corticotrophin administration. The fractional determination reveals no difference between the two groups of patients with regard to the values of the fractions U (unidentified 17-KS), A (androsterone) and Rest (11-oxygenated 17-KS). The excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone is significantly higher in the hyperemesis group than in the control group. The excretion of androstanolone seems to be lower in the hyperemesis group than in the control group, but the difference is not statistically significant. The differences in the correlation between dehydroepiandrosterone and androstanolone in the two groups is significant. The high excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and low excretion of androstanolone in cases of hyperemesis gravidarum is a sign of adrenal dysfunction.

THE SUBJECT FIELD OF INSTITUTIONAL EDUCATION: THE SENSE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Irina Mordous
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
National Education ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Separate Area ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Economic

The development of modern civilization attests to its decisive role in the progressive development of institutions. They identified the difference between Western civilization and the rest of the world. Confirmation of the institutional advantages of the West was its early industrialization. The genesis and formation of institutionalism in its ideological and conceptualmethodological orientation occurs as a process alternative to neoclassic in the context of world heterodoxia, which quickly spread in social science. Highlighting institutional education as a separate area of sociocultural activity is determined by the factor of differentiation of institutional theory as a whole. A feature of institutional education is its orientation toward the individual and his/her transformation into a personality. The content of institutional education is revealed through the analysis of the institution, which includes a set of established customs, traditions, ways of thinking, behavioral stereotypes of individuals and social groups. The dynamics of socio-political, economic transformations in Ukraine requires a review of the foundations of national education and determination of the prospects for its development in the 21st century in the context of institutionalism.

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