scholarly journals Biofloc based technology evaluation for nutrient dense culture system for nursery and grow-out farming of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Panigrahi ◽  
M. Sundaram ◽  
J. Jebha ◽  
J. Syamadayal ◽  
S. K. Otta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Percentage Mortality ◽  
Cumulative Percentage

The concept of “biofloc technology” is changing the facet of intensive aquaculture with scope to attain high productivity in a sustainable manner. In biofloc, dense heterotrophic bacterial community is developed through C:N ratio manipulation, where the system becomes bacterial dominated rather than algae dominated and takes care of the wastes generated through in situ bioremediation. Protein is utilised in two ways; as feed for the shrimp and as microbial floc when the heterotrophic microbes convert the nitrogenous wastes into protein. It also promises a healthy rearing system, which is increasingly identified as one possible solution for disease problems especially those striking at early stages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofloc and periphyton technology (BPT) on the growth and immunomodulatory performance of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei during nursery and grow-out culture. The experimental BPT treatments with three tier substrate system with molasses as carbohydrate (CHO) source were compared with the conventional autotrophic system. Theimmunomodulation and cumulative percentage mortality upon challenge with pathogenic strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were assessed in the reared animals. We have successfully demonstrated the BPT based nursery and grow-out systems for P. vannamei with the advantage of providing significantly (p<0.05) better growth performance (27.6% improvement inaverage body weight, ABW) and feed utilisation (31% improvement in feed conversion ratio, FCR). A production level of 4-4.5 kg m-3 of water was achieved through this BPT system registering a significant improvement over the conventional system (p<0.05). The Cumulative percentage mortality following pathogen challenge was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the biofloc grown shrimps compared to that of the control group, thus showing better resistance to pathogenic challenge. Furthermore, the biofloc reared shrimp did exhibit significant improvement in non-specific immune response in terms of serum phenoloxidase activity and total haemocyte counts possibly suggesting potential immunostimulatory role of the biofloc associated heterotrophic bacteria. This eco-based technology as revealed through our studies brings substantial improvement in productivity, minimising water requirement, recycling in situ nutrients and organic matter in turn improvingfarm biosecurity, augmentation of natural food, improvement of FCR and better health of the cultured shrimp.

scholarly journals Alternate livelihood development for ‘Aila’ affected tribal people through aquaculture in Bali Island of the Sunderban, West Bengal, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Chakrabarti ◽  
A. Ghosh ◽  
B. C. Mohapatra ◽  
N. K. Barik ◽  
A. Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Percentage Mortality ◽  
Cumulative Percentage

The concept of “biofloc technology” is changing the facet of intensive aquaculture with scope to attain high productivity in a sustainable manner. In biofloc, dense heterotrophic bacterial community is developed through C:N ratio manipulation, where the system becomes bacterial dominated rather than algae dominated and takes care of the wastes generated through in situ bioremediation. Protein is utilised in two ways; as feed for the shrimp and as microbial floc when the heterotrophic microbes convert the nitrogenous wastes into protein. It also promises a healthy rearing system, which is increasingly identified as one possible solution for disease problems especially those striking at early stages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofloc and periphyton technology (BPT) on the growth and immunomodulatory performance of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei during nursery and grow-out culture. The experimental BPT treatments with three tier substrate system with molasses as carbohydrate (CHO) source were compared with the conventional autotrophic system. The immunomodulation and cumulative percentage mortality upon challenge with pathogenic strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were assessed in the reared animals. We have successfully demonstrated the BPT based nursery and growout systems for P. vannamei with the advantage of providing significantly (p<0.05) better growth (27.6% improvement in average body weight, ABW) and feed utilisation (31% improvement in feed conversion ratio, FCR). A production level of 4-4.5 kg m-3 of water was achieved through this BPT system registering a significant improvement over the conventional system (p<0.05). The cumulative percentage mortality following pathogen challenge was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the biofloc grown shrimps compared to that of the control group, thus showing better resistance to pathogenic challenge. Furthermore, the biofloc reared shrimp did exhibit significant improvement in non-specific immune response in terms of serum phenoloxidase activity and total haemocyte counts possibly suggesting potential immunostimulatory role of the biofloc associated heterotrophic bacteria. This eco-based technology as revealed through our studies brings substantial improvement in productivity, minimising water requirement, recycling in situ nutrients and organic matter in turn improving farm biosecurity, augmentation of natural food, improvement of FCR and better health of the cultured shrimp.

scholarly journals The Effects of Different UVA Photoperiods on the Growth Performance, Immune Responses, Antioxidant Status and Apoptosis-Related Gene Expression of the Pacific White Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Xinyi Wang ◽  
Baoliang Liu ◽  
Xiaoqiang Gao ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
Hongxu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Apoptosis Related Gene

UVA is the most common type of solar UV radiation in aquatic environments; however, the effects it causes in shrimp farming in recirculating water systems (RAS) is unclear. Thus, the growth performance, immune responses, antioxidant status and apoptosis-related gene expression in Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei (body weight 9.56 ± 0.10 g), reared with 12L: 12D full spectrum light as background light under five UVA (peak at 400 nm) photoperiods (0L: 24D, 2L: 22D, 4L: 20D, 8L: 16D and 12L: 12D) at a light intensity of 1 W/m2 were investigated. The results showed that the 2L: 22D and 4L: 20D UVA photoperiods enhanced the growth performance and reduced the feed conversion ratio and the shrimp mortality. Shrimp exposed to UVA (2L: 22D and 4L: 20D) also displayed higher levels of hepatopancreas catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP), phenol oxidase (PO) and lysozyme (LZM) compared to the 8L: 16D and 12L: 12D groups. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased in line with the extension of the UVA irradiation time. The mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes in all the UVA treatments were significantly higher than with the control treatment, except for the 2L: 22D group. The results of the 2L: 22D and 4L: 20D treatments were significantly higher than those of the control group, except for LGBP. In conclusion, 2L: 22D and 4L: 20D UVA photoperiods increased growth performance and decreased FCR, improved the innate immunity and antioxidant response and reduced the mortality rate in adult shrimp.

scholarly journals Specific, Nonradioactive Detection of the NHP Bacterium in Penaeus Vannamei by in Situ Hybridization

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Loy ◽  
Paul F. Frelier
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Dna Probe ◽  
Intracellular Bacterium ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Variable Regions

Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (NHP) is a disease of farm-raised Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) caused by a pleomorphic intracellular bacterium. A DNA probe that is specific for the etiologic agent of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis was devised and tested in an in situ hybridization assay. A procedure was developed for labeling a single-stranded DNA probe with digoxigenin by the polymerase chain reaction. The DNA probe encompasses the V1 and V2 variable regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and is designed to hybridize to complementary sequences of the 16S rRNA of the NHP bacterium. The probe was tested on fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens, and an intense, specific hybridization signal was localized to the cytoplasm of hepatopancreatic epithelial cells that were infected with the NHP bacterium, as demonstrated by serial sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin or the Steiner and Steiner method. Negative results were obtained from normal shrimp and from shrimp infected with Vibrio spp. The specificity of the probe was confirmed using either mammalian or avian tissues infected with other intracellular bacteria, including Ehrlichia canis, Salmonella enteritidis, Brucella abortus, and Chlymidia spp., and using another species of shrimp (P. monodon) infected with a different rickettisa-like intracellular bacterium.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different probiotic strains for growth performance and immunomodulation in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sundaram ◽  
A. Panigrahi ◽  
J. Ganesh ◽  
P. Nila Rekha ◽  
S. Sivagnanam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Average Growth

The use of antibiotics in aquaculture can prevent certain diseases, however, its use is highly restricted due to several environmental and human health problems like development of antibacterial resistance. Probiotics are widely used for improving production of aquatic animals by means of improving water quality as well as by nutritional and immune modulation in animals thus, helping in preventing diseases. The present study was aimed to evaluate different strains of probiotics viz., a commercial probiotic, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus sp., Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces boulardii on the growth, microbial load and immunomodulatory performance of the Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. Seven probiotic feeds each containing 5 x 109 CFU ml-1 of respective probiotics kg-1 of feed were prepared by top coating on apellet feed containing 35% protein and duration of the experiment was 75 days. All of the 6 selected strains of probiotics except the commercial one influenced the growth significantly when fed to the shrimp, compared to control group. Specific growth rate (SGR), average daily growth (ADG) and survival rate were observed to be higher in probiotic fed groups. Maximum growth was recorded in S. cerevisiae fed groups (8.05±0.21 g), followed by B. subtilis (7.65±0.21 g), while the control animals showed an average growth of 4.85±0.49 g with percentage improvement in the range of 50-95% when compared to all other treatments. Totalheterotrophic count significantly (p<0.05) increased in the rearing water of B. subtilis treated group (8.995± 0.021 x 103 cfu ml-1) when compared to that of control (5.475± 0.003 X 103 cfu ml-1) and total vibrio load was greatly reduced in B. subtilis (1.42 ± 0.04 x 103 cfu ml-1) and S. cerevisiae (1.47 ± 0.01 x 103 cfu ml-1) treated water compared to control (4.265 ± 0.06 x 103 cfu ml-1). Nonspecific immunity in terms of total haemocyte count (THC) was found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher in B. subtilis (12.4±0.8 106 cells ml-1) treated group while higher (p<0.05) prophenoloxidase (pro PO) activity was recorded in S.  erevisiae (0.132±0.001 units min-1 mg protein-1) and B. subtilis (0.130±0.002 units min-1 mg protein-1) treated groups. The probiotic effect was found to be beneficial for better growth and immunomodulation, which was however found to be strain-specific.

Characterization of a novel shrimp pathogen, Vibrio brasiliensis , isolated from Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ge Li ◽  
Guosi Xie ◽  
Hailiang Wang ◽  
Xiaoyuan Wan ◽  
Xinshu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei

Effects of culturing the Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei in “biofloc” vs “synbiotic” systems on the growth and immune system

Aquaculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 736905
Author(s):  
Aya S. Hussain ◽  
Deyaaedin A. Mohammad ◽  
Wafaa S. Sallam ◽  
Nahla M. Shoukry ◽  
D. Allen Davis
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
The Pacific

Ultrastructure of the hepatopancreas of the Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei (Crustacea: Decapoda)

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Caceci ◽  
Kay F. Neck ◽  
Donal D H. Lewis ◽  
Raymond F. Sis
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Total Complement ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Fourteen specimens of the hepatopancreas of the Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, were prepared for examination with the transmission and scanning electron microscopes and with the light microscope. The histology and ultrastructure of this organ is similar to that seen in other Decapoda. At the ultrastructural level, it was observed that B-cells rupture at approximately the level of gap junctions located on the lateral plasma membranes of the cells, and discharge the contents of their large vacuoles into the intercellular space. This efflux of enzymatic material may be the mechanism by which cells are released from the wall of the tubule at the proximal end: the rupture and collapse of a B-cell may be analagous to the removal of the keystone which supports an arch. Deprived of support, and lacking structural adaptations for cohesion (there are no desmosomes or interdigitations in the epithelium) and with the intercellular material digested, the remaining intact cells collapse into the lumen of the tubule. The lysis of individual cells of all types - R-, F-, and B-cells - may contribute to the tubules’ total complement of digestive enzymes.

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