scholarly journals REGENERATION OF Pimpinella pruatjan THROUGH SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
I. Roostika ◽  
R. Purnamaningsih ◽  
I. Darwati ◽  
I. Mariska
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
The Media ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Pruatjan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) is an Indonesian endangered plant which has various medicinal properties such as aphrodisiac, diuretic, and tonic. The plant is commonly harvested from its natural habitat, therefore it becomes endangered. Regeneration of pruatjan through organogenesis has been studied, but its shoot multiplication was very low (5 shoots per explant). The study aimed to investigate the best regeneration technique of pruatjan through somatic embryogenesis. This research was conducted at the tissue culture laboratory, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development in 2004-2005. Callus formation of pruatjan was induced from the petioles and leaves in Driver and Kuniyaki’s (DKW) based medium containing 2,4-D combined with picloram at the level of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 1.5 ppm. Embryogenic calli were then transferred into embryo development medium in two ways. First, they were directly transferred into media containing IBA/NAA at the level of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm. Second, they were indirectly transferred into media containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.3% casein hydrolysate prior to the IBA/ NAA media. Parameters evaluated were fresh weight, dry weight, time initiation of embryogenic callus formation, and total number of embryos. The result showed that calli of pruatjan were successfully induced from the petioles and leaves. The best calli were induced from the leaves in the DKW medium containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.5 ppm picloram. Embryo development of the calli was best if they were first grown in the media containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.3% casein hydrolysate then transferred to the IBA/NAA media. The total number of somatic embryos was counted up to 103 on the medium containing 1.5 ppm IBA. This study indicated that pruatjan somatic embryogenesis regeneration required three different media, i.e. for callus induction, development and maturation, and for germination.

scholarly journals REGENERATION OF Pimpinella pruatjan THROUGH SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
I. Roostika ◽  
R. Purnamaningsih ◽  
I. Darwati ◽  
I. Mariska
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
The Media ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Pruatjan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) is an Indonesian endangered plant which has various medicinal properties such as aphrodisiac, diuretic, and tonic. The plant is commonly harvested from its natural habitat, therefore it becomes endangered. Regeneration of pruatjan through organogenesis has been studied, but its shoot multiplication was very low (5 shoots per explant). The study aimed to investigate the best regeneration technique of pruatjan through somatic embryogenesis. This research was conducted at the tissue culture laboratory, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development in 2004-2005. Callus formation of pruatjan was induced from the petioles and leaves in Driver and Kuniyaki’s (DKW) based medium containing 2,4-D combined with picloram at the level of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 1.5 ppm. Embryogenic calli were then transferred into embryo development medium in two ways. First, they were directly transferred into media containing IBA/NAA at the level of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm. Second, they were indirectly transferred into media containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.3% casein hydrolysate prior to the IBA/ NAA media. Parameters evaluated were fresh weight, dry weight, time initiation of embryogenic callus formation, and total number of embryos. The result showed that calli of pruatjan were successfully induced from the petioles and leaves. The best calli were induced from the leaves in the DKW medium containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.5 ppm picloram. Embryo development of the calli was best if they were first grown in the media containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.3% casein hydrolysate then transferred to the IBA/NAA media. The total number of somatic embryos was counted up to 103 on the medium containing 1.5 ppm IBA. This study indicated that pruatjan somatic embryogenesis regeneration required three different media, i.e. for callus induction, development and maturation, and for germination.

scholarly journals Development of a protocol for the micropropagation of mature Eucalyptus grandis clones through somatic embryogenesis

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Andiswa Tsewana
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
The Media ◽  
Callus Induction Medium

Biotechnology techniques such as micropropagation VIa somatic embryogenesis offer potential significant advances in the improvement of forest species, which could sustain forest production in South Africa, as well as globally, without increased use of land. In order to apply such techniques to commercial breeding and clonal programmes of E. grandis species, it is necessary to develop reliable and efficient protocols applicable to explants of proven superior genotypes. Most of the research on E. grandis somatic embryogenesis has used the genetically variable embryos or seedlings as explant sources, which results in the propagation of material of unproven genetic value. In order to exploit somatic embryogenesis maximally for cloning of superior trees, somatic embryos have to be induced from highly selected and, hence, mature trees. The aim of this investigation was to develop such a protocol for E. grandis and to test its applicability to various E. grandis hybrids. Somatic embryos were induced from buds, stems, leaves and petioles, with petioles and buds giving the best results. Thus, these were selected for further studies which involved testing the effect of medium composition on embryogenic callus induction. Media used for this purpose contained MS or B5 nutrients, 1 mg.l' 2,4-D, 0.5 g.r! glutamine, 0.5 g.r! casein hydrolysate, 4 g.r! Gelrite and 30 or 50 g.rl sucrose. All the media tested were able to support induction of embryogenic callus, although the number of explants producing embryogenic calli was affected significantly by the media composition (10-91 %). Callus induction media with B5 nutrients seemed to have a significant effect onn the developmental stage of embryos in the callus induction medium. Presence of 50 g.r! sucrose in the callus induction medium reduced the embryo yield, but the progress of embryo development was enhanced. The callus induction medium containing B5, 1 mg.l' 2,4-D, 0.5 g.rl glutamine, 0.5 g.r! casein hydrolysate, 4 g.r! Gelrite and 30 g.l' sucrose was chosen for subsequent studies. Of all the media tested for embryo development, the medium with B5, 2.5 mg.l' 2iP, 0.5 g.r! glutamine, 0.5 g.r! casein hydrolysate, 4 g.r! Gelrite and 50 g.r! sucrose was found to be the most suitable for embryo development to the cotyledonary stage. Experiments involving incorporation of both ABA and 2iP aiming at maturation of E. grandis somatic embryos led to an increase in size of the cotyledonary embryos formed but not to germination.

scholarly journals Induction of somatic embryogenesis in two cultivars of anthurium analysed by scanning electron microscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Priscila Bezerra Dos Santos Melo ◽  
Ana Cristina Portugal Pinto de Carvalho ◽  
Cândida Hermínia Campos de Magalhães Bertini ◽  
Celli Rodrigues Muniz ◽  
Adroaldo Guimarães Rossetti
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Evaluation Period ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Formation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Somatic embryogenesis is an advantageous tool in the commercial production of micropropagated anthurium plantlets. As such, the aim of this study was to establish a protocol for the induction of somatic embryogenesis in Jureia and Luau cultivars. Defoliated nodal segments, 1.0 cm in length and containing one bud, were used as explants. The experimental design was completely randomised, in a 2 x 3 x 5 factorial scheme (cultivar: Jureia and Luau x auxin: 2,4-D, NAA and Picloram x concentration: 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 μM), with 30 treatments in a scheme of plots split over time (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days). The anatomy and percentage of embryogenic callus formation were analysed. The structures formed, analysed by scanning electron microscopy, corresponded to embryogenic calli. The Luau cultivar was superior in forming embryogenic calli. For the two cultivars, among the auxins under study, NAA demonstrated a greater induction potential for somatic embryogenesis, with the concentration of 7.5 μM giving the highest mean values. The 90-day evaluation period showed the maximum formation of embryogenic calli; however, mean values were fairly similar to the 75-day evaluation period. To induce embryogenic calli, therefore, it is suggested that the nodal segments be inoculated into a culture medium with added NAA growth regulator at a concentration of 7.5 μM, and that the explants remain in this medium for 75 days after inoculation.

scholarly journals Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis from calli derived from leaf bases of Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad H Al Gabbiesh ◽  
M Ghabeish ◽  
I H ◽  
M Kleinwächter ◽  
D Selmar
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Laurus Nobilis ◽  
The Media ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets ◽  
Culture Technology

Somatic embryogenesis was induced in embryo culture on half MS medium supplemented with NAA (8 mg/l) as the sole plant growth regulator after incubation of the media in the refrigerator at 4°C for two weeks to promote callus induction and somatic embryogenesis in Laurus nobilis. Both embryogenetic calli and somatic embryos were induced in the above selected medium. Embryo growth and development were stimulated by separation of embryos successfully from embryo clusters and transferred onto fresh half MS. Among the selected explants, only leaf bases were found to respond actively to plant regeneration, especially in inducing callus formation and in sustaining faster callus growth. Root formation of regenerated plantlets tended to decrease with time on regeneration media. Overall, 75% of the plantlets derived from the callus survived in the greenhouse; and they all grew to phenotypically normal plants. This procedure will enable the use of regeneration tissue culture technology for germplasm conservation of L. nobilis, a plant of high medicinal and commercial value.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(2): 213-221, 2014 (December)

scholarly journals An efficient regeneration system through in vitro somatic embryogenesis of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
M Haque ◽  
SMS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The Media ◽  
Barley Genotypes

This study was carried out to improve an efficient protocol for in vitro callus induction and plant regeneration using Bangladeshi barley genotypes collected from BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh. After sterilization embryos were separated carefully from mature seeds of six barley genotypes (BB-1, BB-2, BB-3, BB-4, BB-5 and BB-6) and cultured them in MS medium supplemented with various concentration and combination of PGRs for callus induction and regeneration. Out of six genotypes BB-6 showed highest (38.17%) callus induction in MS + 4.0 mg/l 2,4-D + 200 mg/l L-proline + 300 mg/l casein hydrolysate; whereas, BB-4 and BB-5 showed no callus induction in the same medium. For plant regeneration from embryogenic calli the same genotype (BB-6) also performed the best results (19.25%) in MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP + 30 g/l sucrose. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed highly significant differences among the media and the genotypes. J. bio-sci. 27: 89-99, 2019

scholarly journals Effect of Different basal Media on Callus Growth and Morphology of Barringtonia Racemosa L Endosperms Explant

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.14) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
N D A Kamaruzzaman ◽  
A Saleh ◽  
F Pardi ◽  
N Ahmat ◽  
N J Sidik
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Health It ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Media ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Basal Media

Barringtonia racemosa L. has many medicinal properties especially the fruit and leaf parts. The fruits are used to relief pain and inflammation, the leaves were proved to control high blood pressure whereas the roots barks are effective to treat chicken pox. Due to its medicinal importance for human health, it is essential to conserve this plant. A comparative study of different types of media was performed to study its effect on callus growth of endosperm explant from B. racemosa. Types of basal media studied including Murashige and Skoog (MS), Lloyd and McCown Woody Plant (WPM) and Gamborg (B5). The endosperm explant of B. racemosa were cultured on different basal MS, WPM and B5 media supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.5 mg/L kinetin. The observation of callus growth and morphological characteristics of callus were done on weekly basis within 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of incubation period, the maximum fresh weight (0.300 ± 0.027g) and dry weight (0.025 ± 0.003g) were recorded from the explants cultured on MS medium followed by WPM and B5 media supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.5 mg/L kinetin. The textures of callus produced from MS were nodular in shape and creamy colour. In conclusion, all the media studied had successfully induced the callus growth of B. racemosa with the present of 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.5 mg/L kinetin. 

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis of Sandalwood (Santalum album L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Toni Herawan ◽  
Mohammad Na'iem ◽  
Sapto Indrioko ◽  
Ari Indrianto
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
The Media ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Santalum Album L

Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is native species of Indonesia, especially in East Nusa Tenggara, is oneof the twenty two species of the genus Santalum in the world. Sandalwood is an important tree because it hashigh economic value can produce sandal oil these can be used for perfumes, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, andare often used in religious ceremonies. In vitro particularly somatic embryogenesis has been widely appliedin the propagation of sandalwood. The Objective of this research is to obtain regeneration of sandalwoodthrough somatic embryogenesis using leaves explant from various clones. Medium for embryo induction is MS(Murashige and Skoog, 1962) solid medium containing treatment of 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)at various concentrations. To the media 0,15 mg /l kinetin, 40 g/l sucrose, and 2,5 g/l gelrite were added.Culture were incubated in the dark. Medium for Embryo development (maturation) is MS solid mediumcontaining treatment of BAP (Benzyl-amino-purine) at various concentrations. To the media 0,01 mg /l NAA(Napthalene-acetic-acid), 40 g/l sucrose, and 2,5 g/l gelrite were added. Culture were incubated in the light. Tostudy the specifi c structure of sandalwood somatic embryo early detection was conducted using histologicalanalysis. Results of anova showed that the clones, media, and interaction between clones with media did notsignifi cantly affect the development of sandalwood callus percentage. Results of anova showed that the clonesand BAP concentration signifi cantly effect to the embryo development of sandalwood.

scholarly journals Differential Influence of Growth Regulators during Somatic Embryogenesis of Gynodioecious Papaya Varieties‘CO.7’ and ‘Red Lady

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
C. K. Rajesh ◽  
K. K. Kumar ◽  
C. Kavitha ◽  
G. Karthikeyan ◽  
K. Soorianathasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Somatic Embryo Germination

The study involved two auxins viz., 2,4-D (2,4-Diclorophenoxyacetic acid) and picloram at three different concentrations (1,2, 3 mg/L) in full strength MS media to study their comparative influence on induction of somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos of two gynodioecious varieties of papaya ‘CO.7’ and ‘Red Lady’. In papaya cultivar ‘CO.7’, 2,4-D at 2 mg/L gave the highest callus induction frequency of 90.93%, whereas comparatively higher concentration of 3 mg/L 2,4-D was found suitable for ‘Red Lady’ (87.26%). Although there was profuse callus formation, 2 mg/L 2,4-D recorded comparatively higher frequency of embryogenic calli in ‘Red Lady’ (51.67%) when compared to ‘CO.7’ (30.00%). Somatic embryo maturation was achieved upon transfer of embryogenic calli exhibiting globular stage embryos on to maturation medium (MS medium + ABA (Abscisic acid) and BAP (Benzyl amino purine) in different concentrations + glutamine 400 mg/L). In the maturation medium, the combination of 1.5 mg/L ABA and 0.4 mg/L BAP registered better conversion of the globular embryo to cotyledonary embryos than other levels. The frequency of somatic embryo germination was higher in ‘Red Lady’ (50.00%) as compared to ‘CO.7’ (31.67%) on half-strength MS medium devoid of growth regulators.

scholarly journals Plant regeneration of southern Adriatic iris by somatic embryogenesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sladjana Jevremovic ◽  
Angelina Subotic ◽  
Milana Trifunovic ◽  
Marija Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Simple Protocol ◽  
The Media ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

A simple protocol has been developed for plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis of Southern Adriatic iris (Iris pseudopallida Trinajstic), an endemic species of the Balkan Peninsula. Somatic embryogenesis was induced in zygotic embryo culture on media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2-10 mgL-1) as the sole plant growth regulator, where both embryogenic calli and somatic embryos were induced. Subsequent decrease of 2,4-D in the media promoted formation of somatic embryos. Developed somatic embryos germinated on medium without growth regulators. The regenerated plantlets had diploid chromosome number. Planted plantlets acclimatized very well under greenhouse and garden conditions.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Immature Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) Embryos

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Sugiura ◽  
Yoshiko Matsuda-Habu ◽  
Mei Gao ◽  
Tomoya Esumi ◽  
Ryutaro Tao
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Adventitious Bud ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Globular Embryos ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

In persimmon, plant regeneration from cultured cells usually takes place through adventitious bud formation. If somatic embryogenesis were possible, the efficiency of mass propagation and genetic engineering would be greatly improved. We attempted to induce somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos and plant regeneration from the induced embryos. Hypocotyls and cotyledons from immature ‘Fuyu’ and ‘Jiro’ seeds were cultured in the dark in Murashige and Skoog medium solidified with gellan gum and supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzyladenine (BA) at various concentrations. Callus formation started at ≈2 weeks of culture, and the callus formation rate was highest at 3 or 10 μm combinations of 2,4-D and BA. The initially formed calli gradually became brown or black from which white embryogenic calli (EC) appeared secondarily. After ≈8 weeks of culture, globular embryos were formed from these EC, and the formation proceeded until 20 weeks of culture. Formation of globular embryos was higher with ‘Fuyu’ than ‘Jiro’, especially with hypocotyls. When EC with globular embryos were transferred to fresh medium with no plant growth regulators, ≈70% developed to the torpedo-type embryo stage in 6 weeks. The torpedo-type embryos thus formed were germinated and rooted in agar medium with or without zeatin in several weeks without entering dormancy. After germination and rooting, the plantlets were transferred to the same medium and acclimatized for another 4 weeks. As the embryos germinated and rooted simultaneously, the plantlets were easy to grow in pots without transplanting shock. This is the first report on plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis of persimmon.

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