ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI CENDAWAN TERBAWA BENIH KAKAO HIBRIDA

ABSTRAK Benih merupakan komponen dasar dalam menentukan produktivitas tanaman kakao. Benih yang sehat dapat merupakan faktor penting dalam menentukan keberhasilan produktivitas kakao. Benih kakao mempunyai kadar air cukup tinggi sehingga berpotensi terinfeksi cendawan, yang dapat menurunkan mutu benih dan produksi kakao. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi beberapa cendawan terbawa benih pada kakao hibrida. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Induk Benih Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia, Jember, Laboratorium Mikro- biologi, Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia, dan Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati IPB Bogor pada bulan Juni sampai Oktober 2008. Penelitian menggunakan benih kakao hibrida dari hasil persilangan buatan antar TSH 858 dengan Sca 6, dan percobaan disusun dengan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 ulangan. Benih ditumbuhkan pada 3 media, yaitu water agar (WA), potato dextrose agar (PDA), dan kertas saring (KS). Tingkat infeksi pada benih diamati setiap hari dan dianalisis dengan analisis sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji selang berganda Duncan. Cendawan diisolasi, dibiakkan, dimurnikan, dan diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan buku kunci identifikasi. Tingkat infeksi cendawan terbawa benih kakao hibrida tertinggi terdapat pada hari keempat (35,00%) dan kelima (51,67%) pada media PDA. Sebanyak 13 spesies cendawan terbawa benih kakao hibrida berhasil diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan media WA dan PDA, serta 8 spesies cendawan dengan media KS. Ke-13 cendawan terbawa benih yang ditemukan sangat berpotensi menurunkan mutu fisiologis benih dan produktivitas kakao. Cendawan tersebut perlu diuji lebih lanjut karena masing-masing memiliki sifat-sifat patogenik, saprofitik, atau antagonistis terhadap cendawan lain pada benih kakao. Cendawan terbawa benih kakao hibrida paling dominan adalah Aspergillus spp., Penicillium chrysogenium, Coletotrichum acutatum, Curvularia geniculata, dan Fusarium spp. Cendawan-cendawan yang diduga berbahaya adalah Aspergillus spp., Coletotrichum acutatum, Curvularia geniculata, Fusarium spp., Phoma glomerata, dan Macrophoma sp., dan yang diduga bersifat patogenik adalah Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Cladosporium herbanum, Curvularia geniculata, Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma glomerata, dan Macrophoma sp.Kata kunci : Theobroma cacao, benih hibrida, infeksi cendawan, media tanamIsolation and Identification of Fungi on Hybrid Cacao SeedsABSTRACT Seed is the basic component influencing the productivity of cacao plantation. Healthy seed is the most important factor in determining the success of cacao productivity. Moisture content of cacao seeds is quite high potentially to cause fungi infection, which can further reduce seed quality and cacao production. The research aimed at isolating and identifying several seedborne fungi on hybrid cacao. The study was conducted at main nursery of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute Jember, Laboratory of Microbiology, Indonesian Biotechnology Research Institute for Estate Crops, and the Laboratory for Biological Control of IPB Bogor from June to October 2008. Research used hybrid cacao seeds derived from crossing between TSH 858 x SCA 6, and the experiment was arranged using completely randomized design with three replicates. Cacao seeds were grown on three media, i.e. water agar (WA), potato dextrose agar (PDA), and filter paper (KS). Infection rates on the seedlings were observed every day and analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple regression test (DMRT). Fungi were isolated, cultured, purified, and identified using the identification keys. The highest rate of seedborn fungal infection occured on fourth (35.00%) and fifth (51.67%) days on PDA media. A total of 13 species of seedborn fungi on hybrid cocoa were identified by using WA and PDA media, as well as 8 other species by using KS. The 13 seedborne fungi potentially reduce seed physiological quality and cacao productivity. These fungi need to be further tested because each has its own pathogenic, saprophytic, or antagonistic properties towards other fungi on cacao seeds. Predominant seedborn fungi on hybrid cacao were Aspergillus spp., Penicillium chrysogenium, Coletotrichum acutatum, Curvularia geniculata, and Fusarium spp. The fungi suspected harmful were Aspergillus spp., Coletotrichum acutatum, Curvularia geniculata, Fusarium spp., Phoma glomerata, and Macrophoma sp., and those suspected pathogenic were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Cladosporium herbanum, Curvularia geniculata, Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma glomerata, and Macrophoma sp. Key words : Theobroma cacao, fungi infection, hybrid seed, growing media

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Isolation and Identification of Fungi Associated with the Spoilage of Sweet Orange and Banana in Sokoto Metropolis

10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppn39ld.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Ameh

Keyword(s):

Citrus Sinensis ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Sweet Orange ◽

Potato Dextrose Agar ◽

Test Results ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Musa Sapientum ◽

Identification Of Fungi ◽

Pure Cultures

Mycological studies on Fungi in apparently diseased Sweet Orange ( Citrus sinensis) and Banana ( Musa sapientum) sampled from various points in Kara market in Sokoto Metropolis was carried out between August and September. The samples were surfaced sterilised with ethanol and the homogenates were cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and incubated aerobically at room temperature for 7 days at 30C. The pure cultures obtained were identified morphologically and microscopically. The investigation revealed that the samples were infected with several fungi species. The most predominant Fungi isolated from Sweet Orange were Cladosporium spp (40%), Fusarium spp (30%), Alternaria spp ( 20%), and Chrysonilia spp (10%) while the most predominant Fungi isolated from Banana were Fusarium spp (50%), Mucor spp ( 30%) and Rhizopus spp (20%). The pathogenecity test results show that Cladosporium spp and Fusarium spp were the most active in sweet orange with rot length of 74 mm and 70 mm respectively and the least active fungi were Alternaria spp and Chrysonilia spp with rot lengths of 52 mm and 48 mm respectively. Furthermore, Fusarium spp and Mucor spp were the most active in banana with rot lengths of 84 mm and 75 mm respectively and the least active fungus was Rhizopus spp with rot lengths of 54 mm.

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Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Fumonisin B1 Detection in Local Corn Seeds from Baghdad-Iraq

Iraqi Journal of Science ◽

10.24996/ijs.2021.62.12.3 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 4621-4627

Author(s):

Sinai W. Mohammed ◽

Hanan J. Nayyef ◽

Fadhaa O. Sameer ◽

Ahmed Y. Hanoon

Keyword(s):

Relative Density ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Fumonisin B1 ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Toxic Compounds ◽

Identification Of Fungi ◽

Elisa Technique ◽

Cancer Activity

Fungi produce a series of toxic compounds on corn, especially Fumonisin B1 (FB1) toxin produced by Fusarium spp. and promoting cancer activity in humans and animals. This study aimed to the isolation and identification of fungi associated with local corn seeds and the detection for the presence of FB1 by using ELISA technique. Thirty samples of corn ears were collected from silos and markets in Baghdad city during the period from November 2018 to March 2019. The present study found that Fusarium was the dominant isolate among fungi in terms of the relative density 57.07%, followed by Aspergillus 31.17%, Rhizopus 3.36%, Alternaria 2.88%, Mucor 2.16%, Penicillium 1.92%, Trichothecium 0.96%, and Helminthosporium 0.48%. FB1 was detected in all samples of the silos and markets with a concentration range of 13.69 - 175.54 µg/kg. There were no significant differences in FB1concentration among samples collected from the silos and markets. Also, no relationship was found between the number of infected seeds by Fusarium spp. and FB1concentrations.

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Isolation and Identification of Fungi from the Animal Dung in Thamar - Yemen and Estimation of the Antagonistic Activity of Papulospora sp. against Fusarium Oxysporum

Yemeni Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.12816/0007146 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 22-26

Author(s):

M.A. Moghalles ◽

S. M. Al-Bader

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Animal Dung ◽

Identification Of Fungi

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Isolation and Identification of Soil Mycoflora in the Upland and Lowland Soils of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State

South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/sajrm/2018/v1i2747 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

I. Y. Tafinta ◽

K. Sheh ◽

H. M. Maishanu ◽

S. S. Noma ◽

S. A. Yusif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Potato Dextrose Agar ◽

Morphological Features ◽

Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Dilution Plate ◽

Cotton Blue

A total of 14 different fungal species belonging to 7 genera were isolated from the upland and lowland soils of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, between October to December, 2015. The mycoflora were isolated using dilution plate technique on Potato dextrose agar amended by 1% streptomycin. Identification was made microscopically using the lacto-phenol cotton blue method and macroscopically by comparing the cultural and morphological features with the help of authentic fungal manual and taxonomic key. The identified species are; Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. oryzae, Alternaria longifes, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. mangifera, Rhizopus stolonifer, R. orizae, Saccharomyces cerevisae, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichophytum quallinum. The highest number of fungi (50 isolates) were obtained from lowland uncultivated soils (D), followed by the upland uncultivated soils (B) with about 34 strains, and the least (22 isolates) were obtained from upland cultivated soils (A) out of the total 132 isolates. Variations between sites were statistically analyzed.

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PATOGENISITAS BEBERAPA ISOLAT CENDAWAN TERBAWA BENIH KAKAO HIBRIDA

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v19n1.2013.8-14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

BAHARUDIN BAHARUDIN ◽

A. PURWANTARA ◽

S. ILYAS ◽

M.R. SUHARTANTO

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Theobroma Cacao ◽

Infected Plant ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Leaf Number ◽

Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽

Vigor Index ◽

Hybrid Seeds

ABSTRAK Benih kakao hibrida diketahui dapat membawa beberapa mikroba yang bersifat patogenik dan menurunkan mutu benih. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa isolat cendawan terbawa benih terhadap penurunan viabilitas benih dan vigor bibit kakao hibrida. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Benih Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia, Jember, Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia, Bogor, pada bulan Juli sampai November 2008. Penelitian menggunakan 13 cendawan terbawa benih kakao hibrida. Benih diperoleh dari persilangan buatan antara kakao TSH 858 dengan Sca 6. Penelitian menggunakan model Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 ulangan. Inokulasi patogen pada benih kakao dilakukan dengan cara merendam benih di dalam suspensi patogen dengan kerapatan 10 6 spora/ml selama 30 menit. Selanjutnya benih ditanam pada media pasir steril dalam boks plastik ukuran 30 x 30 cm, menurut rancangannya. Setiap perlakuan diulang 4 kali. Parameter yang diamati adalah daya berkecambah, indeks vigor, kecepatan tumbuh relatif, kecepatan berkecambah T 50 , laju pertumbuhan kecambah, jumlah daun, tinggi bibit, panjang akar, jumlah akar dan kematian benih. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ke-13 spesies cendawan bersifat patogenik pada benih kakao hibrida. Cendawan patogen terbawa benih yang bersifat patogenik adalah Aspergillus flavus, A. ochraceus, Cladosporium herbanum, Curvularia geniculata, Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma glomerata dan Macrophoma sp. Cendawan patogen tersebut dapat menurunkan daya berkecambah 20-40%, indeks vigor 30-47%, kecepatan tumbuh relatif 13-45%, dan meningkatkan kecepatan perkecambahan (T 50 menurun) dari 0,62-7,36 hari. Ke-13 isolat patogen dapat menyebabkan kematian benih 29-52% dibanding kontrol. Ke-13 isolat patogen juga menginfeksi bagian tanaman seperti kotiledon, daun, batang dan akar bibit kakao, namun hanya Phoma glomerata dan Macrophoma sp. yang menurunkan tinggi bibit, jumlah daun, jumlah dan panjang akar secara nyata. Tujuh dari 13 isolat cendawan patogen terbawa benih tidak hanya menurunkan viabilitas dan vigor benih kakao hibrida tetapi juga dapat berkembang pada bibit sehingga perlu penanganan benih secara dini. Kata kunci: benih hibrida, patogen terbawa benih, viabilitas, vigor benih, Theobroma cacaoABSTRACT In 2009 revitalization of cacao plantations in Indonesia required 168 million seeds. Distribution of low quality and infected seeds leads to huge losses and in a long term will destruct cultivation of cacao. Seed-borne pathogens of infected cacao hybrid seeds are dangerous because they may reduce physiological qualities of the seeds. The study aimed at determining the effect of several isolates of seed borne fungi on the viability and vigor of hybrid cacao seeds as well as growth of the seedlings. The study was conducted at the Seed Garden Indonesian Coffee and Cacao Research Center in Jember, Microbiology Laboratory and glass house of Biotechnology Research Institute for Estate Crops of Indonesia, Bogor, from July to November 2008. The study used 13 seed-borne fungi in hybrid cacao. The cacao seeds were obtained from hand pollinated crossing between TSH 858 with Sca 6. The experiment was arranged using Completely Randomized Design with four replicates. Cacao seeds were inoculated by immersing them for 30 minutes in the spore suspension of 13 isolates of seed-borne fungi CTB at a density of 10 6 spores/ml. After inoculation, the seeds were planted on sterile sand in a plastic box (30 x 30 cm). Parameters observed were germination rate, vigor index, KCT-R T 50 rate of seedling growth, leaf number, seedling height, root length, root number, and level of pathogenicity. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed with Duncan's Multiple Test. The results showed that the 13 species of seed-borne pathogens were in hybrid cacao seeds with varying pathogenicity. The most pathogenic fungi were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Cladosporium herbanum, Curvularia geniculata, Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma glomerata, and Macrophoma sp. Seed borne pathogenic fungi had the ability to reduce seed germination of 20-40%, vigor index of 30-47%, relative growth rate of 13-45%, and delayed germination speed (T 50 decreases) from 0.62 to 7.36 days. Seed borne pathogens caused (29-52%) death seed compared to control. All that 13 isolates of seed-borne pathogens infected plant tissues such as cotyledons, leaves, stems, and roots of cacao seedlings, but only isolates of Phoma glomerata and Macrophoma sp. which lowered the height of seedlings, leaf number, root number and length. The study indicated that infection of seed-borne pathogens on cacao seed hybrid can cause seed death. Therefore, seeds should be handled properly. Key words: hybrid seeds, seed borne pathogens, viability, seed vigor, Theobroma cacao

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Isolation and identification of fungi associated with the spoilage of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L) and banana (Musa sapientum L) in Sokoto Metropolis

Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering ◽

10.15406/jabb.2018.05.00135 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad AS ◽

Mohammed IU ◽

Ameh M ◽

Bello I ◽

Haliru BS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Citrus Sinensis ◽

Sweet Orange ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Musa Sapientum ◽

Identification Of Fungi

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Selection, isolation, and identification of fungi for bioherbicide production

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.bjm.2016.09.004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 101-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Angélica Rossana Castro de Souza ◽

Daiana Bortoluzzi Baldoni ◽

Jessica Lima ◽

Vitória Porto ◽

Camila Marcuz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Isolation And Identification ◽

Identification Of Fungi

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Micorrização e indução de quitinases e β-1,3-glucanases e resistência à fusariose em porta-enxerto de videira

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2010000400005 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 376-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Murilo Dalla Costa ◽

Paulo Emílio Lovato ◽

Paula Beatriz Sete

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Glomus Intraradices ◽

Fusarium Spp

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os níveis de expressão de β-1,3-glucanases e quitinases nos porta-enxertos de videira SO4 e R110, respectivamente suscetível e resistente a Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. herbemontis, bem como avaliar o efeito do fungo micorrízico arbuscular Glomus intraradices no crescimento, na expressão dessas enzimas e na supressão do patógeno no porta-enxerto suscetível. Foram quantificadas as atividades enzimáticas de β-1,3-glucanases e quitinases nas raízes dos porta-enxertos. Mudas do porta-enxerto SO4 receberam inóculos de G. intraradices e F. oxysporum, e foram avaliadas quanto ao crescimento, atividade das duas enzimas e sintomas de doença. As atividades das enzimas nas raízes do porta-enxerto resistente aumentaram entre 0 e 5 dias após a inoculação do patógeno. A atividade de quitinases nas raízes do porta-enxerto suscetível aumentou com a inoculação do fungo micorrízico e do patógeno. A atividade de β-1,3-glucanases foi maior somente com a presença do fungo micorrízico e do patógeno. Videiras com inoculação de G. intraradices apresentaram diminuição nos sintomas de infecção por Fusarium spp., o que indica que o fungo micorrízico promove a indução de quitinases e β-1,3-glucanases especificamente na supressão ou inibição do patógeno.

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