scholarly journals PATOGENISITAS BEBERAPA ISOLAT CENDAWAN TERBAWA BENIH KAKAO HIBRIDA

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
BAHARUDIN BAHARUDIN ◽  
A. PURWANTARA ◽  
S. ILYAS ◽  
M.R. SUHARTANTO
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Hybrid Seeds

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Benih kakao hibrida diketahui dapat membawa beberapa mikroba<br />yang bersifat patogenik dan menurunkan mutu benih. Penelitian bertujuan<br />untuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa isolat cendawan terbawa benih<br />terhadap penurunan viabilitas benih dan vigor bibit kakao hibrida.<br />Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Benih Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao<br />Indonesia, Jember, Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan rumah kaca Balai<br />Penelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia, Bogor, pada bulan Juli<br />sampai November 2008. Penelitian menggunakan 13 cendawan terbawa<br />benih kakao hibrida. Benih diperoleh dari persilangan buatan antara kakao<br />TSH 858 dengan Sca 6. Penelitian menggunakan model Rancangan Acak<br />Lengkap dengan 4 ulangan. Inokulasi patogen pada benih kakao dilakukan<br />dengan cara merendam benih di dalam suspensi patogen dengan kerapatan<br />10 6 spora/ml selama 30 menit. Selanjutnya benih ditanam pada media pasir<br />steril dalam boks plastik ukuran 30 x 30 cm, menurut rancangannya.<br />Setiap perlakuan diulang 4 kali. Parameter yang diamati adalah daya<br />berkecambah, indeks vigor, kecepatan tumbuh relatif, kecepatan<br />berkecambah T 50 , laju pertumbuhan kecambah, jumlah daun, tinggi bibit,<br />panjang akar, jumlah akar dan kematian benih. Data dianalisis dengan<br />ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil<br />penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ke-13 spesies cendawan bersifat patogenik<br />pada benih kakao hibrida. Cendawan patogen terbawa benih yang bersifat<br />patogenik adalah Aspergillus flavus, A. ochraceus, Cladosporium<br />herbanum,  Curvularia  geniculata,  Fusarium  oxysporum,  Phoma<br />glomerata dan Macrophoma sp. Cendawan patogen tersebut dapat<br />menurunkan daya berkecambah 20-40%, indeks vigor 30-47%, kecepatan<br />tumbuh relatif 13-45%, dan meningkatkan kecepatan perkecambahan<br />(T 50 menurun) dari 0,62-7,36 hari. Ke-13 isolat patogen dapat<br />menyebabkan kematian benih 29-52% dibanding kontrol. Ke-13 isolat<br />patogen juga menginfeksi bagian tanaman seperti kotiledon, daun, batang<br />dan akar bibit kakao, namun hanya Phoma glomerata dan Macrophoma<br />sp. yang menurunkan tinggi bibit, jumlah daun, jumlah dan panjang akar<br />secara nyata. Tujuh dari 13 isolat cendawan patogen terbawa benih tidak<br />hanya menurunkan viabilitas dan vigor benih kakao hibrida tetapi juga<br />dapat berkembang pada bibit sehingga perlu penanganan benih secara dini.<br />Kata kunci: benih hibrida, patogen terbawa benih, viabilitas, vigor benih,<br />Theobroma cacao</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />In 2009 revitalization of cacao plantations in Indonesia required 168<br />million seeds. Distribution of low quality and infected seeds leads to huge<br />losses and in a long term will destruct cultivation of cacao. Seed-borne<br />pathogens of infected cacao hybrid seeds are dangerous because they may<br />reduce physiological qualities of the seeds. The study aimed at<br />determining the effect of several isolates of seed borne fungi on the<br />viability and vigor of hybrid cacao seeds as well as growth of the<br />seedlings. The study was conducted at the Seed Garden Indonesian Coffee<br />and Cacao Research Center in Jember, Microbiology Laboratory and glass<br />house of Biotechnology Research Institute for Estate Crops of Indonesia,<br />Bogor, from July to November 2008. The study used 13 seed-borne fungi<br />in hybrid cacao. The cacao seeds were obtained from hand pollinated<br />crossing between TSH 858 with Sca 6. The experiment was arranged using<br />Completely Randomized Design with four replicates. Cacao seeds were<br />inoculated by immersing them for 30 minutes in the spore suspension of<br />13 isolates of seed-borne fungi CTB at a density of 10 6 spores/ml. After<br />inoculation, the seeds were planted on sterile sand in a plastic box (30 x 30<br />cm). Parameters observed were germination rate, vigor index, KCT-R T 50<br />rate of seedling growth, leaf number, seedling height, root length, root<br />number, and level of pathogenicity. Data were analyzed by ANOVA<br />followed with Duncan's Multiple Test. The results showed that the 13<br />species of seed-borne pathogens were in hybrid cacao seeds with varying<br />pathogenicity. The most pathogenic fungi were Aspergillus flavus,<br />Aspergillus ochraceus, Cladosporium herbanum, Curvularia geniculata,<br />Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma glomerata, and Macrophoma sp. Seed borne<br />pathogenic fungi had the ability to reduce seed germination of 20-40%,<br />vigor index of 30-47%, relative growth rate of 13-45%, and delayed<br />germination speed (T 50 decreases) from 0.62 to 7.36 days. Seed borne<br />pathogens caused (29-52%) death seed compared to control. All that 13<br />isolates of seed-borne pathogens infected plant tissues such as cotyledons,<br />leaves, stems, and roots of cacao seedlings, but only isolates of Phoma<br />glomerata and Macrophoma sp. which lowered the height of seedlings,<br />leaf number, root number and length. The study indicated that infection of<br />seed-borne pathogens on cacao seed hybrid can cause seed death.<br />Therefore, seeds should be handled properly.<br />Key words: hybrid seeds, seed borne pathogens, viability, seed vigor,<br />Theobroma cacao</p>

scholarly journals ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI CENDAWAN TERBAWA BENIH KAKAO HIBRIDA

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
BAHARUDIN BAHARUDIN ◽  
AGUS PURWANTARA ◽  
SATRIYAS ILYAS ◽  
MOHAMAD RAHMAD SUHARTANTO
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seedborne Fungi ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
Fungi Infection

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Benih merupakan komponen dasar dalam menentukan produktivitas<br />tanaman kakao. Benih yang sehat dapat merupakan faktor penting dalam<br />menentukan keberhasilan produktivitas kakao. Benih kakao mempunyai<br />kadar air cukup tinggi sehingga berpotensi terinfeksi cendawan, yang<br />dapat menurunkan mutu benih dan produksi kakao. Penelitian bertujuan<br />untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi beberapa cendawan terbawa benih<br />pada kakao hibrida. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Induk Benih Pusat<br />Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia, Jember, Laboratorium Mikro-<br />biologi, Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia, dan<br />Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati IPB Bogor pada bulan Juni sampai<br />Oktober 2008. Penelitian menggunakan benih kakao hibrida dari hasil<br />persilangan buatan antar TSH 858 dengan Sca 6, dan percobaan disusun<br />dengan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 ulangan. Benih ditumbuhkan<br />pada 3 media, yaitu water agar (WA), potato dextrose agar (PDA), dan<br />kertas saring (KS). Tingkat infeksi pada benih diamati setiap hari dan<br />dianalisis dengan analisis sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji selang<br />berganda Duncan. Cendawan diisolasi, dibiakkan, dimurnikan, dan<br />diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan buku kunci identifikasi. Tingkat<br />infeksi cendawan terbawa benih kakao hibrida tertinggi terdapat pada hari<br />keempat (35,00%) dan kelima (51,67%) pada media PDA. Sebanyak 13<br />spesies cendawan terbawa benih kakao hibrida berhasil diidentifikasi<br />dengan menggunakan media WA dan PDA, serta 8 spesies cendawan<br />dengan media KS. Ke-13 cendawan terbawa benih yang ditemukan sangat<br />berpotensi menurunkan mutu fisiologis benih dan produktivitas kakao.<br />Cendawan tersebut perlu diuji lebih lanjut karena masing-masing memiliki<br />sifat-sifat patogenik, saprofitik, atau antagonistis terhadap cendawan lain<br />pada benih kakao. Cendawan terbawa benih kakao hibrida paling dominan<br />adalah Aspergillus spp., Penicillium chrysogenium, Coletotrichum<br />acutatum, Curvularia geniculata, dan Fusarium spp. Cendawan-cendawan<br />yang diduga berbahaya adalah Aspergillus spp., Coletotrichum acutatum,<br />Curvularia  geniculata,  Fusarium  spp.,  Phoma  glomerata,  dan<br />Macrophoma sp., dan yang diduga bersifat patogenik adalah Aspergillus<br />flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Cladosporium herbanum, Curvularia<br />geniculata, Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma glomerata, dan Macrophoma sp.</p><p>Kata kunci : Theobroma cacao, benih hibrida, infeksi cendawan, media<br />tanam</p><p>Isolation and Identification of Fungi on Hybrid Cacao Seeds</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Seed is the basic component influencing the productivity of cacao<br />plantation. Healthy seed is the most important factor in determining the<br />success of cacao productivity. Moisture content of cacao seeds is quite<br />high potentially to cause fungi infection, which can further reduce seed<br />quality and cacao production. The research aimed at isolating and<br />identifying several seedborne fungi on hybrid cacao. The study was<br />conducted at main nursery of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research<br />Institute Jember, Laboratory of Microbiology, Indonesian Biotechnology<br />Research Institute for Estate Crops, and the Laboratory for Biological<br />Control of IPB Bogor from June to October 2008. Research used hybrid<br />cacao seeds derived from crossing between TSH 858 x SCA 6, and the<br />experiment was arranged using completely randomized design with three<br />replicates. Cacao seeds were grown on three media, i.e. water agar (WA),<br />potato dextrose agar (PDA), and filter paper (KS). Infection rates on the<br />seedlings were observed every day and analyzed using ANOVA followed<br />by Duncan's multiple regression test (DMRT). Fungi were isolated,<br />cultured, purified, and identified using the identification keys. The highest<br />rate of seedborn fungal infection occured on fourth (35.00%) and fifth<br />(51.67%) days on PDA media. A total of 13 species of seedborn fungi on<br />hybrid cocoa were identified by using WA and PDA media, as well as 8<br />other species by using KS. The 13 seedborne fungi potentially reduce seed<br />physiological quality and cacao productivity. These fungi need to be<br />further tested because each has its own pathogenic, saprophytic, or<br />antagonistic properties towards other fungi on cacao seeds. Predominant<br />seedborn fungi on hybrid cacao were Aspergillus spp., Penicillium<br />chrysogenium, Coletotrichum acutatum, Curvularia geniculata, and<br />Fusarium spp. The fungi suspected harmful were Aspergillus spp.,<br />Coletotrichum acutatum, Curvularia geniculata, Fusarium spp., Phoma<br />glomerata, and Macrophoma sp., and those suspected pathogenic were<br />Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Cladosporium herbanum,<br />Curvularia geniculata, Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma glomerata, and<br />Macrophoma sp.<br />Key words : Theobroma cacao, fungi infection, hybrid seed, growing<br />media</p>

scholarly journals Pathogenic potentiality of fungi associated with the seeds of different cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Amina Khatun ◽  
Shamim Shamsi ◽  
MA Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Fusarium Nivale

A total of 24 species of fungi, namely Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger (Type 1 and Type 2) Van Tiegh, A. ochraceus K. Wilhelm, A. nidulans Eidam, Aspergillus sp.1, Aspergillus sp.2, Aspergillus sp.3, Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz & Sacc, C. gossypii Southw., Chaetomium globosum Kunze., Fusarium nivale (Fr.) Sorauer, F. moniliforme J. Shelden, F. oxysporum Schlechtendal, F. fujikuroi Nirenberg, Mucor sp. P. Micheli ex L., Penicillium sp.1 and sp.2 Link, Rhizoctonia solani Khun., Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill., Rhizomucor sp. Lucet & Costantin, Syncephalastrum racemosum Cohn and Trichoderma viride Pers. were found to be associated with the seeds of 14 varieties (CB 1- CB 14) of cotton. Out of these 24 fungal species, nine were found to be pathogenic to cotton. They were Aspergillus flavus, A. niger (Type 1), Aspergillus sp. 1, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium nivale, F. moniliforme, Mucor sp. and Rhizoctonia solani. These pathogenic fungi had remarkable effect on seed germination, vigor index, root-shoot length and mortality of cotton seedlings. The germination percentage of control seeds was 88 but because of the presence of pathogenic fungi the rate showed considerable reduction in all the varieties and it varied from 20 to 82%. Among the nine fungal isolates Rhizoctonia solani showed maximum reduction in seed germination. Aspergillus flavus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium moniliforme also caused near about 50% reduction in seed germination. Mortality percentage of control seedling were also less (6) whereas, in inoculated seeds it was higher and varied from 7 - 23%. Root- shoot ratio of control seedlings was high but less in inoculated seedlings. The vigor index of control plant was high (1548.8) but less in inoculated plants. The lowest vigor index was noticed for Rhizoctonia solani (202.0) and highest for Aspergillus sp. 1(1213.6). Results indicated that Curvularia lunata and Rhizoctonia solani showed a greater impact in reduction of cotton seed germination and vigor index. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(1): 107-115, 2020 (January)

scholarly journals In vitro suppression of pathogenic fungi by Streptomyces spp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
N. Goredema ◽  
T. Ndowora ◽  
R. Shoko ◽  
E. Ngadze
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Natural Form ◽  
Multiple Test ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Living Organisms

The use of living organisms or natural enemies of pathogens to control their populations is called biological disease control. It involves harnessing and introduction of exotic species of microorganism in a natural form, with the intention of controlling pathogens that may exist naturally in the same ecosystem. Prospects for biological control of Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium italicum were investigated using Streptomyces spp. isolated from Chinhoyi University of Technology Farm soils in Mashonaland West, Zimbabwe. Twenty seven Streptomyces spp were obtained from the soil, and screened for antimicrobial activity and antagonism in in vitro pathogen inhibition assays, replicated thrice. Although majority of the isolates tested elicited no effect on test pathogens, 22% of the Streptomyces isolates were able to effectively suppress A. flavus, F. oxysporum and P. italicum by at least 55%. There was a significant interaction between Streptomyces isolates and pathogen (A. flavus, F. oxysporum and P. italicum) (P<0.05) on fungal radial growth at days 7, 10 and 14 after pathogen-Streptomyces incubation. Antimicrobial potential against individual and multiple test pathogens was observed, with CUT-Streptomyces 4, CUT-Streptomyces 10, CUT-Streptomyces 11, CUT-Streptomyces 20 and CUT-Streptomyces 23 showing the greatest antimicrobial activity. CUT-Streptomyces isolates have the potential to suppress A. flavus, F. oxysporum and P. italicum in vitro. Key words:  Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium italicum

scholarly journals Discrimination of Aspergillosis, Mucormycosis, Fusariosis, and Scedosporiosis in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Specimens by Use of Multiple Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assays

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 2798-2803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Salehi ◽  
Mohammad T. Hedayati ◽  
Jan Zoll ◽  
Haleh Rafati ◽  
Maryam Ghasemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Ffpe Tissue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Formalin Fixed

In a retrospective multicenter study, 102 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens with histopathology results were tested. Two 4- to 5-μm FFPE tissue sections from each specimen were digested with proteinase K, followed by automated nucleic acid extraction. Multiple real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of ribosomal DNA, using fluorescently labeled primers, was performed to identify clinically important genera and species of Aspergillus , Fusarium , Scedosporium , and the Mucormycetes . The molecular identification was correlated with results from histological examination. One of the main findings of our study was the high sensitivity of the automated DNA extraction method, which was estimated to be 94%. The qPCR procedure that was evaluated identified a range of fungal genera/species, including Aspergillus fumigatus , Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus terreus , Aspergillus niger , Fusarium oxysporum , Fusarium solani , Scedosporium apiospermum , Rhizopus oryzae , Rhizopus microsporus , Mucor spp., and Syncephalastrum . Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani DNA was amplified from five specimens from patients initially diagnosed by histopathology as having aspergillosis. Aspergillus flavus , S. apiospermum , and Syncephalastrum were detected from histopathological mucormycosis samples. In addition, examination of four samples from patients suspected of having concomitant aspergillosis and mucormycosis infections resulted in the identification of two A. flavus isolates, one Mucor isolate, and only one sample having both R. oryzae and A. flavus . Our results indicate that histopathological features of molds may be easily confused in tissue sections. The qPCR assay used in this study is a reliable tool for the rapid and accurate identification of fungal pathogens to the genus and species levels directly from FFPE tissues.

scholarly journals Seedling imaging analysis and traditional tests to assess okra seed vigor

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia Pereira Kikuti ◽  
Júlio Marcos-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
Accelerated Aging Test ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Germination Speed

Seed vigor testing is an important component of quality control programs adopted by seed industry. The software Seed Vigor Imaging System (SVIS) has been successfully used for seed vigor assessment in different species. The objective of this research was to verify the SVIS efficiency to assess okra seed vigor in comparison to other vigor tests used for this species. Five seed lots of 'Clemson Americano' and four of 'Santa Cruz' were submitted to germination (speed and percentage), cold germination (speed and percentage), traditional and saturated salt accelerated aging (41 ºC/72 and 96 h) and seedling emergence tests during 12 months storage. Vigor index, uniformity of growth and seedling length were determined by the software Seed Vigor Imaging System (SVIS). Results showed that the vigor index and seedling length determined by the SVIS analyses are efficient to determine okra seed vigor as well as the accelerated aging test (41 ºC/72 h).

scholarly journals Bright Side of Fusarium oxysporum: Secondary Metabolites Bioactivities and Industrial Relevance in Biotechnology and Nanotechnology

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim ◽  
Alaa Sirwi ◽  
Basma G. Eid ◽  
Shaimaa G. A. Mohamed ◽  
Gamal A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Cyclic Peptides ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bright Side ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Industrial Relevance

Fungi have been assured to be one of the wealthiest pools of bio-metabolites with remarkable potential for discovering new drugs. The pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum affects many valuable trees and crops all over the world, producing wilt. This fungus is a source of different enzymes that have variable industrial and biotechnological applications. Additionally, it is widely employed for the synthesis of different types of metal nanoparticles with various biotechnological, pharmaceutical, industrial, and medicinal applications. Moreover, it possesses a mysterious capacity to produce a wide array of metabolites with a broad spectrum of bioactivities such as alkaloids, jasmonates, anthranilates, cyclic peptides, cyclic depsipeptides, xanthones, quinones, and terpenoids. Therefore, this review will cover the previously reported data on F. oxysporum, especially its metabolites and their bioactivities, as well as industrial relevance in biotechnology and nanotechnology in the period from 1967 to 2021. In this work, 180 metabolites have been listed and 203 references have been cited.

scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Diversity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Pathogenic Fungi in Chilga District, North Gondar, Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefinew Tilahun ◽  
Marye Alemu ◽  
Mesfin Tsegaw ◽  
Nega Berhane
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Diseased Plant

Ginger diseases caused by fungal pathogens have become one of the most serious problems causing reduced production around the world. It has also caused a major problem among farmers in different parts of Ethiopia resulting in a huge decline in rhizome yield. However, the exact causative agents of this disease have not been identified in the state. Although there are few studies related to pathogenic fungus identification, molecular level identification of fungal pathogen was not done in the area. Therefore, this study was undertaken to isolate and characterized the fungal causative agent of ginger disease from the diseased plant and the soil samples collected around the diseased plant from Chilga district, Gondar, Ethiopia. Samples from infected ginger plants and the soil around the infected plant were collected. Culturing and purification of isolates were made using Potato Dextrose Agar supplemented with antibacterial agent chloramphenicol. The morphological characterization was done by structural identification of the isolates under the microscope using lactophenol cotton blue stains. Isolated fungi were cultured and molecular identification was done using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). A total of 15 fungal morphotypes including 11 Aspergillus spp. (73.3%), 2 Penicillium spp. (13.3%), and single uncultured fungus clone S23 were isolated from the samples representing all the plant organs and the soil. Aspergillus spp. (73.3%) was the most common and seems to be the major causative agent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ginger pathogenic fungi in Ethiopia identified using ITS rDNA molecular techniques. This study will lay foundation for the development of management strategies for fungal diseases infecting ginger.

scholarly journals BIBLICAL CHRISTIAN WORLDVIEW ON POST-HARVEST PATHOGENIC FUNGI IN THE TRADITIONAL MARKET CORN SEEDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Grace Purnamasari Christian ◽  
Wahyu Irawati
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
And Function

<p>The post-harvest fungi is one of the greatest cause of various diseases. Particularly, in fungus that infects seeds, the toxic substance called aflatoxin is found. This has caused us to wonder: Has fungi been pathogenic fungi since the beginning of creation? The purpose of this research is to study: 1) The Place of Fungi in God’s Original Creation and the Origin of Pathogenic Fungi, 2) Characterization of post-harvest fungus on corn seeds, 3) Aspergillus sp.’s Structure as Proof of God’s Wonderful Original Creation and Providence, and 4) The factors that contribute to the growth of fungi in post-harvest corn seeds and our responsibility. We conclude that in the beginning, fungi were a part of God’s originally good and perfect creation. These fungi were created by God with the structure and function to support its operation in fulfilling God’s creative purpose. The complex structure of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus that infected the corn seeds showed God’s providence after the Fall. Pathogenic fungi were the result of the Fall of man into sin. Their growth is caused by the failure to give proper care to the crops. But this should not discourage us since the Bible tells us that God is continually working to restore His creation. Therefore, we are called to be stewards of His creation, to develop and preserve whatever is entrusted in our hands, including the crops for God’s glory and under His authority until He has fully renewed and restored everything.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT:</strong> Jamur pasca panen merupakan salah satu penyebab terbesar timbulnya berbagai penyakit, khususnya disebabkan oleh jamur yang menginfeksi biji-bijian dan menghasilkan substansi beracun disebut dengan aflatoksin. Keadaan ini menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah jamur patogenik ada sejak awal penciptaan? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari: 1) Posisi jamur patogenik di awal penciptaan dan asal mula jamur patogenik, 2) karakteristik jamur pasca panen pada biji jagung, 3) struktur <em>Aspergillus</em> sp sebagai bukti dari providensi Allah akan ciptaanNya yang sangat luar biasa, 4) faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan jamur pasca panen biji jagung dan Tanggung jawab kita. Dari hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pada mulanya, jamur merupakan bagian ciptaan Allah yang sungguh amat baik dan sempurna. Struktur yang kompleks dari <em>Aspergillus niger</em> dan <em>Aspergillus flavus </em>yang menginfeksi biji jagung menunjukkan providensi Allah setelah kejatuhan dosa. Pertumbuhan jamur patogenik merupakan gambaran kejatuhan manusia ke dalam dosa yaitu kegagalan manusia untuk memberikan pemeliharaan yang memadahi pada biji-bijian pasca panen. Namun demikian, keadaan ini tidak mematahkan semangat kita karena Alkitab mengatakan bahwa Allah masih terus bekerja untuk memulihkan ciptaanNya. Oleh karena itu, diharapkan kita semua menjadi pelayan atas ciptaanNya untuk mengembangkan dan menjaga apa yang dipercayakan kepada kita di bawah otoritasNya termasuk biji-bijian untuk memuliakan Allah hingga Dia secara penuh memperbaharui dan memulihkan segala sesuatu</p>

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Kapang Patogen dan Non Patogen pada Imago, Kokon, dan Larva Instar Keenam Ulat Sutera Liar Attacus atlas (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Agustin Indrawati ◽  
Damiana Rita Ekastuti ◽  
Erdina Pangestika ◽  
Reinilda Alwina
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Aspergillus Versicolor ◽  
Wild Silkworm ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic

Attacus atlas is one of several mould species in Indonesia known as kupu-kupu gajah. Information about variety of mould is rarely known. The purpose of this research was to obtain data about variety of pathogenic or non pathogenic mould at imago,cocoon, and sixth larvae phase of wild silkworm A. atlas. Mould was isolated from cocoon, integument, alimentary duct and reproduction duct of imago, trachea, midgut and hindgut, also haemolymph of larvae. Isolated mould was cultured on potato dextrose agar. Isolated mould from cocoon and imago was identified by macroscopic and microscopic observation. The results showed that there were two kind of moulds from cocoon which were Fusarium oxysporum  and Aspergillus flavus. There were four kind of moulds from imago A. atlas which were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium dimerum, and Aspergillus sp.There were three kind of moulds from sixth larvae which were Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium dimerum. The mould which has opportunistic pathogenic for Attacus atlas were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus  flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium dimerum.

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