scholarly journals BIOLOGI, GEJALA SERANGAN, DAN PENGENDALIAN HAMA BUBUK JAGUNG Sitophilus zeamais MOTSCHULSKY (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Nurnina Nonci ◽  
Amran Muis
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Lariophagus Distinguendus ◽  
Anisopteromalus Calandrae

<p>Salah satu kendala dalam penyimpanan jagung adalah serangan hama<br />gudang. Salah satu hama gudang jagung adalah <em>Sitophilus zeamais</em><br />Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Hama ini ditemukan di<br />daerah panas maupun lembap. Hama ini bersifat polifag, dapat<br />merusak serealia seperti beras/gabah, jagung, gandum, dan sorgum,<br />namun dilaporkan sebagai hama penting pada jagung. Kehilangan<br />hasil jagung di wilayah tropis akibat <em>S. zeamais</em> berkisar antara 30-<br />100%. Biji jagung yang disimpan selama 6 bulan menunjukkan<br />kerusakan 85% dan bobot biji menyusut 17%. Telur hama tersebut<br />diletakkan di dalam biji dan dalam beberapa hari akan menetas<br />menjadi larva. Larva menyelesaikan siklus hidupnya di dalam biji.<br />Telur berwarna putih bening, berbentuk lonjong, lunak dan licin,<br />berukuran 0,7 mm x 0,3 mm. Larva berwarna putih kekuningan,<br />tidak bertungkai, kepala berwarna cokelat, terdiri atas empat instar,<br />panjang 1,5–4 mm. Periode larva berlangsung 25 hari. Imago <em>S.</em><br /><em>zeamais</em> berukuran 3-4,5 mm. Hama <em>S. zeamais</em> dapat dikendalikan<br />dengan cara: 1) menyimpan jagung dalam wadah maupun gudang<br />secara higienis, 2) menanam varietas tahan, 3) menggunakan<br />musuh alami yaitu parasit, predator, dan patogen, seperti parasitoid<br /><em>Lariophagus distinguendus</em> dan <em>Anisopteromalus calandrae</em>, serta<br />patogen <em>Beauveria bassiana</em>, 4) memanfaatkan insektisida nabati<br />yang memiliki toksisitas tinggi terhadap <em>S. zeamais</em>, yaitu <em>Ageratum</em><br /><em>connyzoides</em> (bandotan), <em>Andropogon nardus</em> (serai), <em>Allium sativum</em><br />(bawang merah), <em>Nicotiana tabacum</em> (tembakau), <em>Zingiber officinale</em><br />(jahe), dan <em>Azadirachta indica</em> (mimba), serta 5) menyemprotkan<br />insektisida sintetis metil pirimifos.</p>

scholarly journals Efecto bioplaguicida de extractos vegetales para el control de Spodoptera frugiperda en el cultivo de maíz (Zea mays)

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Ana María Figueroa Gualteros ◽  
Edgar Alejandro Castro Triviño ◽  
Hans Thielin Castro Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Lippia Alba ◽  
Petiveria Alliacea

El maíz es el segundo cereal de mayor producción en Colombia con un 21,9 % de la superficie total. La plaga Spodoptera frugiperda ataca la planta desde las primeras semanas de crecimiento, devorando sus hojas, tallo y granos; disminuyendo el rendimiento de los cultivos. Esta plaga se controla con el uso indiscriminado de plaguicidas sintéticos como: carbofurano, clorpirifos y atrazina. En esta investigación, los extractos de Azadirachta indica, Piper nigrum, Petiveria alliacea y sus mezclas; y los extractos de Nicotiana tabacum, Lippia alba, Allium sativum y sus mezclas se aplicaron como bioplaguicidas en plantas de maíz amarillo tradicional. Después de la tercera semana de crecimiento, los tratamientos se aplicaron dos veces al día cada tres días durante siete semanas. Las variables estudiadas fueron número de larvas muertas, altura de las plantas y daño en hojas y tallos. Las plantas tratadas crecieron dos veces más y su grado de afectación, según la escala de Mihm, fue menor que las plantas del grupo testigo. Los porcentajes de eficacia de las seis especies vegetales y sus mezclas fueron representativos (>80 %), de acuerdo con Henderson y Tilton, demostrando que estos extractos vegetales son una alternativa viable para el control de S. frugiperda.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anti-dermatophytic activity of medicinal plants derived products

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Anu Gupta ◽  
Alisha . ◽  
Sandeep Kaur ◽  
Prabhjot Kaur Gill
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Keratinized Tissue ◽  
Dermatophyte Species ◽  
Citrus Limonum

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>Dermatophytes are a group of closely related fungi which are able to invade the keratinized tissue skin, hair and nail. In this study different medicinal plants like <em>Melaleuca alternifolia, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica, Citrus limonum, Curcuma longa, Cocos nucifera</em> were used as antifungal agent against different dermatophyte species.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital-based study consisting of 320 patients clinically diagnosed having dermatophytic infection who reported to the Dermatology outpatient department (OPD), Adesh medical college, Bathinda was conducted for the period of 2 years. Socio-demographic and clinical information was collected and sample was taken from the edge of infected area which was then collected in 2 ml of Eppendorf. Extracts of medicinal plants were then explored against dermatophyte. The data was evaluated using appropriate statistical method.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>All dermatophyte species were found sensitive for <em>Melaleuca alternifolia, Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum</em>. These medicinal plants showed very good results as antifungal against dermatophytes while <em>Azadirachta indica </em>and <em>Citrus limonum </em>were moderate sensitive and <em>Curcuma longa </em>and <em>Cocos nucifera </em>did not show any zone of inhibition around the well.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research provides a scientific validation for the use of these medicinal plants in the treatment of dermatophytic infection and could be used in future for dermatophytic infection and other skin infection.</p>

scholarly journals FITOTERAPIA NO CONTROLE DO Rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, AGENTE CAUSADOR DA DOENÇA “TRISTEZA PARASITÁRIA”: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 308-321
Author(s):  
Fernanda Cáceres Siqueira ◽  
Rodrigo Machado Pereira ◽  
Luiz Francisley de Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Cymbopogon Nardus ◽  
Cymbopogon Winterianus ◽  
Impacto Económico

Os Rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, carrapatos bovinos são hematófagos e vetores de agentes patogênicos (bactéria Anaplasma marginale e protozoários do gênero Babesia sp.) aos animais e seres humanos. São ectoparasitos causadores de prejuízos econômicos na produção de leite, na produção de carne e mortalidade dos animais. Os bovinos sofrem com reações alérgicas, estresse, ferimentos causados no couro e por outras doenças relacionadas. A perda de peso e a diminuição leiteira das matrizes podem ocorrer devido ao agravo ocasionado. A doença Tristeza Parasitária correlaciona duas patogenias a Babesiose e a Anaplasmose. A resistência destes vetores para a Tristeza Parasitária nos rebanhos se deu, devido ao uso abusivo de acaricidas no tratamento químico. Este tratamento além de não ser garantia de cura aos bovinos, seu efeito agride os animais e o meio ambiente através de resíduos deixados.  Os fitoterápicos utilizados como carrapaticidas oferecem menores danos aos animais e ao meio ambiente. Os fitoterápicos: Óleo de Neen (Azadirachta indica), Citronela de Java (Cymbopogon winterianus) e Citronela de Ceilão (Cymbopogon nardus L.), Hortelã ou Mentha piperita, Eucalipto (Eucalyptus spp.), Extrato de Jenipapo (Genipa americana), Alho orgânico (Allium sativum L.), Fumo em corda (Nicotiana tabacum), Melaleuca alternifólia, apresentaram um controle eficiente aos parasitos e repeliram também, outras doenças oportunistas recorrentes. Além de contribuírem para a saúde dos bovinos, bem como para a preservação do meio ambiente, e um impacto econômico de menor custo aos criadores. O objetivo deste trabalho é salientar o efeito dos fitoterápicos sobre essa classe de agentes patogênicos causadores da Tristeza Parasitária em Bovinos.

scholarly journals Effect of Biofertilizers and Neem Oil on the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Hirose ◽  
Pedro M. O. J. Neves ◽  
João A. C. Zequi ◽  
Luís H. Martins ◽  
Cristiane H. Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

The in vitro fungitoxic effect of three biofertilizers, E.M.-4, Multibion <FONT FACE=Symbol>Ô</FONT> and Supermagro used in organic agriculture and the neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana was studied. These products were mixed in a medium where the two fungi were inoculated, and germination, vegetative growth and conidiogenesis were assessed. The biofertilizers Supermagro and E.M.- 4 showed to be less toxic for the two fungi whereas Multibion<FONT FACE=Symbol>Ô</FONT> caused major inhibition on M. anisopliae, with reductions in germination (-37.74%), colony diameter (-30.26%) and conidiogenesis (-42.62%). Neem oil promoted a larger negative effect on B. bassiana, inhibiting germination (-45.27%), colony diameter (-36.62%) and conidiogenesis (-84.93%).

scholarly journals Bioactivity and Volatile Profiling of Azadirachta indica Leaves for the Management of Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) Infestations

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G.W.U. Perera ◽  
M.M.S.C. Karunaratne ◽  
S.D.M. Chinthaka
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Solid Phase Micro Extraction ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Wide Range

Neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss), is known to possess a wide range of pharmacological properties and is thus commercially exploitable. Apart from its medicinal potential, a considerable progress has been achieved regarding biological potential and chemical composition of the leaves which is an ever-increasing interest to the scientific community. During this study, biological phenomena and secondary metabolite composition of A. indica leaves were examined in the management of Sitophilus zeamais on stored maize. Insecticidal and repellent potential of A. indica leaf powders were evaluated in both contact and fumigant forms. Phytochemical screening of 11 phyto constituents was performed following the standard procedures for n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous leaf extracts. Volatile profile of A. indica leaves was characterized by employing headspace-solid-phase micro extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). Over 60% weevil repellency was recorded at doses above 23.33%, whereas 100% and 67% contact and fumigation mortalities were observed respectively, 9 days after treatment at the dose of 33.33% and the respected LD50 values were 1.56 g and 4.48 g. Thirty two volatile compounds were identified in three distinct chemical classes (Monoterpenoid, sesquiterpenoid and purine nucleosides). γ-Elemene (24.06%), 3,7 (11)-eudesmadiene (6.83%), caryophyllene (6.40%), and 10s,11s-himachala-3(12),4-diene (6.36%) were the major constituents of neem leaf volatiles, followed by other compounds present in less than 4% which might be responsible for varied biological activities observed. Thus the odour impact of the bioassayguided study clearly implies that A. indica leaves can be harnessed against S. zeamais infestations.Keywords: Azadirachta indica, Sitophilus zeamais, headspace-solid-phase micro-extraction, insecticidal activity, repellency

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Neem, Garlic and Red Chili Against Adult Dermestid Beetle in Sun Dried Fish

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKM Nowsad ◽  
R Mondal ◽  
MR Islam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Dried Fish ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
Toxic Plant ◽  
Acetone Extracts ◽  
And Storage

The suitability of neem (Azadirachta indica), garlic (Allium sativum) and red chili (Capsicum frutescens) in repelling insects in dried fish during processing and storage was determined. Their acetone extracts were used to evaluate toxic effects against adult dermestid beetle, Dermestes sp. The concentration of plant extracts were 60%, 80% and 100% for adult Dermestes sp. The LC50 values of neem, garlic and red chili were 1.81%, 4.85% and 1.11%, respectively at 24 hours after treatment (HAT), indicating that red chili was the most toxic plant. Red chili possessed the highest toxic effect at 48 HAT (0.87%) and 72 HAT (0.03%). It was observed that all of the three plant extracts had repellent action on adult Dermestes sp. The highest mean repellency was observed in neem extract (62.67%) followed by red chili (38.44%) and garlic (31.11%). Repellent effects increased with the concentration of plant extracts.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v20i1-2.16865 Progress. Agric. 20(1 & 2): 133 – 142, 2009

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