UJI STANDAR MUTU SIFAT FISIK SABUN PADAT TRANSPARAN MINYAK SEREH WANGI (Cymbopogon nardus L.) DARI VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil)

Sabun merupakan sediaan yang paling banyak digunakan yang bersifat sebagai pembersih dan anti bakteri bagi tubuh. Penggunaan VCO sebagai basis sabun padat transparan karena VCO karena kandungan asam lemak yang menguntungkan kulit Proses pembuatan sabun dengan metode panas, dengan basis VCO yang dibuat metode penggaraman. Evalusi standar mutu meliputi uji organoleptis, uji tinggi busa dan stabilitas busa Hasil uji standar mutu sifat fisik yaitu uji organoleptik, uji tinggi busa dan stabilitas busa memenuhi standar mutu sediaan sabun yang beredar dipasaran, tidak terjadi perbedaan mutu fisik yang bermakna antara sabun padat transparan minyak sereh wangi yang diformulasi dengan sabun padat transparan yang beredar.

FITOTERAPIA NO CONTROLE DO Rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, AGENTE CAUSADOR DA DOENÇA “TRISTEZA PARASITÁRIA”: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Os Rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, carrapatos bovinos são hematófagos e vetores de agentes patogênicos (bactéria Anaplasma marginale e protozoários do gênero Babesia sp.) aos animais e seres humanos. São ectoparasitos causadores de prejuízos econômicos na produção de leite, na produção de carne e mortalidade dos animais. Os bovinos sofrem com reações alérgicas, estresse, ferimentos causados no couro e por outras doenças relacionadas. A perda de peso e a diminuição leiteira das matrizes podem ocorrer devido ao agravo ocasionado. A doença Tristeza Parasitária correlaciona duas patogenias a Babesiose e a Anaplasmose. A resistência destes vetores para a Tristeza Parasitária nos rebanhos se deu, devido ao uso abusivo de acaricidas no tratamento químico. Este tratamento além de não ser garantia de cura aos bovinos, seu efeito agride os animais e o meio ambiente através de resíduos deixados. Os fitoterápicos utilizados como carrapaticidas oferecem menores danos aos animais e ao meio ambiente. Os fitoterápicos: Óleo de Neen (Azadirachta indica), Citronela de Java (Cymbopogon winterianus) e Citronela de Ceilão (Cymbopogon nardus L.), Hortelã ou Mentha piperita, Eucalipto (Eucalyptus spp.), Extrato de Jenipapo (Genipa americana), Alho orgânico (Allium sativum L.), Fumo em corda (Nicotiana tabacum), Melaleuca alternifólia, apresentaram um controle eficiente aos parasitos e repeliram também, outras doenças oportunistas recorrentes. Além de contribuírem para a saúde dos bovinos, bem como para a preservação do meio ambiente, e um impacto econômico de menor custo aos criadores. O objetivo deste trabalho é salientar o efeito dos fitoterápicos sobre essa classe de agentes patogênicos causadores da Tristeza Parasitária em Bovinos.

Antimicrobial and Toxic Activity of Citronella Essential Oil (Cymbopogon nardus), and Its Effect on the Growth and Metabolism of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata L.)

Aquaculture procedures usually induce stress that affects the physiological status of fish. For this reason, the inclusion of additives in fish feeds to palliate stress might be a good alternative. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) essential oil (CEO) against bacterial pathogens and to determine its dietary impact on the growth performance of Sparus aurata. In vitro tests confirmed that CEO possesses antimicrobial activity against several fish-specific pathogens. For the in vivo tests, three experimental groups were fed for 60 days with different concentrations of CEO: CTRL (0 mL kg−1 fish feed); CEO1 (1 mL kg−1 fish feed); and CEO2 (2 mL kg−1 fish feed). At the end of the experiment, the physiological status was characterized. Subsequently, the specimens of the CTRL and CEO2 groups were subjected to a challenge with an injection of Poly I:C for immune stimulation. Although S. aurata individuals tolerated CEO inclusion without compromising growth performance, it significantly reduced glycogen in the CEO2 group, concomitant to an increment of total peripheral leucocytes. Moreover, different hematological profiles’ responsive patterns against an inflammatory stimulus were observed. In conclusion, our results suggest that the use of CEO as a fish feed additive can prevent bacterial outbreaks and improve potential in vivo disease resistance in S. aurata without negatively affecting growth.

Analysis of the chemical composition, antifungal activity and larvicidal action against Aedes aegypti larvae of the Essential Oil Cymbopogon nardus

The Cymbopogon nardus L. is a plant popularly known as "citronella grass", originating from Ceylon and India, used in Indonesia as a soothing and digestive tea. The essential oil of the species Cymbopogon nardus (OECN) is used in the manufacture of cosmetics and perfumes, besides having shown antimicrobial action against Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Streptococcus spp., and in addition antioxidant, anti-inflammatory. The objective of this study was to determine the larvicidal and fungicide potential of OECN extracted from the fresh leaves of C. nardus. L at the beginning of the dry season in Teresina, PI. From the OECN extracted by hydrodistillation, the actives were identified by mass gas chromatography. The larvicidal action of OECN was tested against the third and fourth larval stages of Aedes aegypti at concentrations (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 μL/20 ml) for 24 to 48 hours. Antifungal activity for Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus at concentrations (1.0, 2.0, 4.0 6.0 and 8.0 μL/10 mL). The OECN showed a good yield (1.0%), with 26 assets (93.2%) identified with the majority: citronelal (31.6%), geraniol (22.1%), elemol (11.8%) and citronellol (8.2%). Mortality of 100% of the larvae was observed at concentrations of 7.5 and 10.0 µl / 20 ml in 24 hours. After 48 hours 93.3% in 5.0 µl/10 ml OECN and 70% in 2.5 µl/10 ml. A. flavus showed greater sensitivity to OECN at 8.0 µl / 10 ml than A. parasiticus at concentrations. A. parasiticus was the most sensitive at concentrations of 1.0 and 2.0 µL / 10 mL. OECN has a larvicidal action and antifungal activity at the tested concentrations.

PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SERAIWANGI (Cymbopogon nardus L) PADA BEBERAPA DOSIS KOMPOS KULIT KOPI

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving coffee husk compost on the growth of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L.) plants. This research was conducted in Kuala Tungkal, Tungkal Ilir District, West Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi Province, from December 2020 to March 2021. Analysis of compost nutrients was carried out at the Laboratory of the Jambi Agricultural Technology Research Center and measurements of root wet weight, shoot dry weight and root dry weight were carried out at the Basic Laboratory of Batanghari University Jambi. This research was conducted using a randomized environmental design (CRD) and treatment design for coffee husk compost which consisted of 4 levels of treatment, namely k0 : 3 kg of soil media without treatment (control), k1 : 15 g of coffee husk compost + 2,985 g of soil media, k2 : 22.5 g coffee husk compost + 2.977.5 g soil media, and k3 : 30 g coffee husk compost + 2.970 g soil media. The results of the analysis showed that the application of coffee husk compost had a significant effect on the parameters of root wet weight, shoot dry weight and pH of the growing media but had no significant effect on the parameters of the number of tillers, number of leaves, root dry weight and root crown ratio

UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK SERAI WANGI (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendl ) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Escherichia coli ATCC 25922

Escherichia coli adalah kuman oportunis yang banyak ditemukan di usus besar manusia sebagai flora normal. Serai wangi merupakan tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional karena memiliki kandungan senyawa yang bersifat antibakteri. Serai wangi diketahui memiliki kandungan alkaloid, terpenoid, saponin, flavonoid, dan tanin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak serai wangi (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendl terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimen dengan metode Difusi Kirby Bauer. Konsentrasi ekstrak serai wangi yang digunakan adalah 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, dan 100% dengan 3 kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak serai wangi mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 pada konsentrasi 10%-100% dengan rerata zona hambat 6,80mm – 16,70 mm. Analisa data menggunakan uji One-way Anova dengan hasil nilai P=0,000 (P<0,05) menunjukan bahwa ekstrak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, dilanjutkan uji beda nyata terkecil dengan P<0,05 menunjukan adanya perbedaan yang nyata setiap konsentrasi. Pada konsentrasi 100% dengan konsentrasi 50%-10%, konsentrasi 90% dan 80% dengan konsentrasi 40%-10%, konsentrasi 70% dengan konsentrasi 30%-10%, konsentrasi 60% dan 50% dengan konsentrasi 20%-10%, dan konsentrasi 40% dengan konsentrasi 10%.

Pemanfaatan Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon Nardus) sebagai Cairan Spray Anti Nyamuk (Repellant) pada Murid SD Muhammadiyah Pontianak

Malaria adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh parasit plasmodium dengan perantara nyamuk anopheles dan penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) disebabkan oleh virus Dengue fever dengan perantara nyamuk Aedes aegepty. Kedua penyakit ini rawan mewabah di wilayah tropis ataupun subtropics terutama saat musim hujan yang menyebabkan terjadinya genangan air di mana-mana. Upaya pemerintah dalam mengintervensi mewabahnya penyakit DBD dan malaria adalah dengan usaha prefentif dan kuratif dari dinas terkait tentang pentingnya menjaga kesehatan keluarga dan dari gigitan nyamuk yang berpotensi menularkan penyakit malaria dan DBD. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini sebagai salah satu implementasi dari tri dharma perguruan tinggi, dilakukan melalui pelatihan pemanfaatan sereh wangi sebagai cairan spray anti nyamuk pada siswa Sekolah Dasar Muhammadiyah 2 Pontianak. Metode kegiatan didasarkan pada pembuatan cairan antinyamuk berbahan baku ekstrak minyak atsiri sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) yang dapat diaplikasikan pada botol spray untuk disemprotkan ke dalam suatu ruangan agar tidak dikunjungi oleh nyamuk. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan anak SD Muhammadiyah 2 Pontianak dalam memformulasi minyak antinyamuk cair yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengusir nyamuk. Minyak atsiri sereh wangi dibuat dengan metode destilasi uap air di mana sejumlah bobot sampel minyak sereh wangi dipotong kecil disari dalam panci destilasi menggunakan uap air panas, menghasilkan uap panas yang kemudian terkondensasi menjadi tetes-tetes minyak. Tetes minyak yang dihasilkan selanjutnya di larutak dalam sejumlah kecil alkohol agar tercampur homogen antara minyak sereh wangi dengan air yang dengan mudah dapat diaplikasikan ke dalam botol spray. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian tentang kemampuan minyak sereh spray dalam mengusir nyamuk dari suatu ruang pengujian. Dari kegiatan PKM yang dihadiri oleh 15 anak SD menunjukkan ada perhatian dan keterampilan baru bagi anak SD dalam mengekstraksi minyak sereh wangi dan memformulasikannya sebagai obat cair yang siap disemprotkan ke dalam ruangan untuk mengusir nyamuk.

Efektivitas Biolarvasida Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) Dengan Daun Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.) Terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti

Penelitian ini menguji efektivitas kombinasi biolarvasida minyak atsiri serai wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) dengan daun cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum l.) Terhadap larva nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (a) menganalisis pengaruh pemberian kombinasi biolarvasida minyak atsiri serai wangi dan daun cengkeh terhadap perkembangan larva Ae. aegypti, (b) menganalisis uji daya bunuh kombinasi biolarvasida serai wangi (sw) dan daun cengkeh (dc) terhadap larva Ae. aegypti, (c) menganalisis uji patogenisitas dari kombinasi biolarvasida serai wangi dan daun cengkeh terhadap larva Ae. aegypti. Uji kombinasi biolarvasida ini dilakukan terhadap larva nyamuk Ae. aegypti instar III dengan perlakuan variasi kombinasi konsentrasi “SW 2% (P)”, “ SW 0,75% ” + “DC1,25% (P1)”, “SW 1%” + “DC 1% (P2)”, “SW 1,25 %” + “DC 0,75% (P3)” , “DC 2% (P4)”. dan Kontrol air (P-). Themepos (P+). Parameter yang diamati meliputi gejala, persentase mortalitas dan waktu kematian. Mortalitas larva diamati pada jam ke-6,12,18,24 setelah aplikasi. Perbedaan proporsi mortalitas antar tingkat konsentrasi dengan control diuji dengan metode chi-kuadrat sedangkan lT50 dengan analisis probit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masing-masing kombinasi bahan uji (P,P1,P2,P3 dan P4) tidak memiliki perbedaan pengaruh yang sginifikan sebagai biolarvasida dengan taraf signifikansi sebesar 0,05.. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini bahwa kelima konsentrasi bahan uji tersebut tidak memberikan perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan sebagai biolarvasida. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri serai wangi dan daun cengkeh baik diaplikasi secara tunggal maupun dikombinasi memiliki efektifitas larvasida yang sama dengan temephos dalam membunuh larva nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Waktu kematian (LT50) ekstrak serai wangi 12,72 jam, daun cengkeh 6,71 jam dan kombinasi 6,38 jam.Kata kunci: Biolarvasida; efektifitas; konsentrasi; patogenisitas The Effectiveness of Biolarvacide Essential Oil of Vitronella (Cymbopogon nardus) with Clove Leaves (Syzygium aromaticum.L.) on Ae. aegypti Mosquito Larvae ABSTRACTThis study tested the effectiveness of the biolarvicide combination of citronella essential oil (cymbopogon nardus) and clove leaf (syzygium aromaticum L.) against the larvae of Ae. aegypti. This study aims to: (a) analyze the effect of giving a combination of biolarvicides of citronella essential oil and clove leaves on the development of Ae. aegypti, (b) analyzing the killing power of the combination of citronella (sw) and clove leaf (dc) biolarvicides against Ae. aegypti, (c) analyzing the pathogenicity test of the combination of citronella and clove leaf biolarvicides against the larvae of Ae. Agypti. This biolarvicide combination test was carried out on the larvae of Ae. aegypti instar iii with treatment variations in the concentration combination “SW 2% (P)”, “SW 0.75%” + “DC1.25% (P1)”, “SW 1%” + “DC 1% (P2)”, “SW 1.25%” + “DC 0.75% (P3)” , “DC 2% (P4)”. and Water control (P-). Themepos (P+). Parameters observed included symptoms of mortality percentage and time of death. Larval mortality was observed at 6, 12, 18, 24 hours after application. The difference in the proportion of mortality between concentration levels and control was tested by the chi-square method while the lt50 method was tested by probit analysis. The results showed that each combination of test materials did not have a significant difference in effect as a biolarvicide with a significance level of 0.05. The conclusion of this study was that the five concentrations of the test material did not give a significant difference in effect as a biolarvicide. This indicates that the essential oils of citronella and clove leaves, either applied singly or in combination, have the same larvicidal effectiveness as temephos in killing the larvae of Ae. aegypti. Time of death (lt50) citronella extract 12.72 hours, clove leaf 6.71 hours and the combination 6.38 hours.Keywords: Biolarvicides; effectiveness; concentration; pathogenicity