Toe Flexor Strength, Flexibility and Function and Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon Morphology in Dancers and Non-Dancers

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Rowley ◽  
Danielle N Jarvis ◽  
Toshiyuki Kurihara ◽  
Yu-Jen Chang ◽  
Abbigail L Fietzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Hallucis Longus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Balance Ability ◽  
Tendon Thickness ◽  
Toe Flexor Strength ◽  
And Function ◽  
Joint Range ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Tendinopathy of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL), colloquially referred to as “dancer’s tendinitis,” is a common condition in dancers and attributed to high demand on this muscle in positions of extreme ankle plantarflexion and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) flexion and extension. Despite such a high prevalence, there has been little research into preventative or nonsurgical interventions. As a means to identify potential targets for prevention and intervention, this study aimed to characterize toe flexors in dancers by measuring strength, flexibility, function, and FHL tendon morphology. Dancers (n=25) were compared to non-dancers (n=25) in toe flexor isometric strength, first MTP joint range of motion, foot longitudinal arch flexibility, balance ability, endurance during modified heel raises without use of the toes, and FHL tendon thickness, cross-sectional area, and peak spatial frequency. Significant differences were found in functional first MTP joint extension (dancers 101.95º, non-dancers 91.15º, p<0.001), balance ability during single-leg stance on the toes (dancers 11.43 s, non-dancers 5.90 s, p=0.013), and during modified heel raises (dancers 22.20 reps, non-dancers 28.80 reps, p=0.001). Findings indicate that dancers rely on toe flexors more than non-dancers to complete balance and heel raise tasks. Efficacy of using this modified heel raise task with the toes off the edge of a block as a means to train larger plantarflexors and as a nonsurgical intervention should be studied in the future. Improving interventions for FHL tendinopathy will be impactful for dancers, in whom this condition is highly prevalent.

scholarly journals Lower leg muscle structure and function are altered in long-distance runners with medial tibial stress syndrome: a case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Mattock ◽  
Julie R. Steele ◽  
Karen J. Mickle
Keyword(s):  
Lower Leg ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Flexor Hallucis Longus ◽  
Plantar Flexor ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Structure ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is a common lower leg injury experienced by runners. Although numerous risk factors are reported in the literature, many are non-modifiable and management of the injury remains difficult. Lower leg muscle structure and function are modifiable characteristics that influence tibial loading during foot-ground contact. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether long-distance runners with MTSS displayed differences in in vivo lower leg muscle structure and function than matched asymptomatic runners. Methods Lower leg structure was assessed using ultrasound and a measure of lower leg circumference to quantify muscle cross-sectional area, thickness and lean lower leg girth. Lower leg function was assessed using a hand-held dynamometer to quantify maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength and a single leg heel raise protocol was used to measure ankle plantar flexor endurance. Outcome variables were compared between the limbs of long-distance runners suffering MTSS (n = 20) and matched asymptomatic controls (n = 20). Means, standard deviations, 95 % confidence intervals, mean differences and Cohen’s d values were calculated for each variable for the MTSS symptomatic and control limbs. Results MTSS symptomatic limbs displayed a significantly smaller flexor hallucis longus cross-sectional area, a smaller soleus thickness but a larger lateral gastrocnemius thickness than the control limbs. However, there was no statistical difference in lean lower leg girth. Compared to the matched control limbs, MTSS symptomatic limbs displayed deficits in maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength of the flexor hallucis longus, soleus, tibialis anterior and peroneal muscles, and reduced ankle plantar flexor endurance capacity. Conclusions Differences in lower leg muscle structure and function likely render MTSS symptomatic individuals less able to withstand the negative tibial bending moment generated during midstance, potentially contributing to the development of MTSS. The clinical implications of these findings suggest that rehabilitation protocols for MTSS symptomatic individuals should aim to improve strength of the flexor hallucis longus, soleus, tibialis anterior and peroneal muscles along with ankle plantar flexor endurance. However, the cross-sectional study design prevents us determining whether between group differences were a cause or effect of MTSS. Therefore, future prospective studies are required to substantiate the study findings.

scholarly journals Analysis of Joint Range of Motion, Balance and Injury among Kitesurfers: a Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-130
Author(s):  
Raziye Dut ◽  
◽  
Gurhan Donmez ◽  
Mehmet Kaymakoglu ◽  
Mehmet Ali Talmac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Joint Range

scholarly journals Faecal Microbial Markers and Psychobiological Disorders in Subjects with Morbid Obesity. A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Farup ◽  
Jørgen Valeur
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
And Function ◽  
Brain Interactions

Morbidly obese subjects have a high prevalence of comorbidity and gut microbial dysbiosis, and are thus suitable for the study of gut-brain interactions. The aim was to study the associations between the faecal microbiota’s composition and function and psychobiological comorbidity in subjects with BMI > 40 kg/m2 or >35 kg/m2 with obesity-related complications. The faecal microbiota was assessed with GA-Map dysbiosis test ™ (Genetic Analysis, Oslo Norway) and reported as dysbiosis (yes/no) and degree of dysbiosis, and the relative abundance of 39 bacteria. The microbiota’s function was assessed by measuring the absolute and relative amount of faecal short chain fatty acids. Associations were made with well-being, mental distress, fatigue, food intolerance, musculoskeletal pain, irritable bowel syndrome, and degree of abdominal complaints. One hundred and two subjects were included. The results confirmed the high prevalence of comorbidity and dysbiosis (62/102; 61%) and showed a high prevalence of significant associations (41/427; 10%) between the microbiota’s composition and function and the psychobiological disorders. The abundant, but in part divergent, associations supported the close gut-brain interaction but revealed no clear-cut and straightforward communication pathways. On the contrary, the study illustrates the complexity of gut-brain interactions.

A Polymorphism in a Functional Region of the COL5A1 Gene: Association With Ultraendurance-Running Performance and Joint Range of Motion

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shameemah Abrahams ◽  
Michael Posthumus ◽  
Malcolm Collins
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Functional Region ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Functional Forms ◽  
Joint Range

Purpose:Endurance-running performance and joint range of motion (ROM) are both multifactorial phenotypes. A single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs172722 (C/T), in the COL5A1 3′-untranslated region (UTR) was shown to independently associate with both phenotypes. Two major functional forms of the COL5A1 3′-UTR have been identified and differ by 7 tightly linked polymorphisms that include rs12722 and a short tandem-repeat polymorphism (STRP rs71746744, –/AGGG). It has been proposed that STRP rs71746744 plays a role in the predicted secondary structures and mRNA stability of the 2 major forms of the COL5A1 3′-UTR, therefore implying a regulatory role. The aim of this study was to determine whether STRP rs71746744 is independently associated with running performance and prerace sit-and-reach range of motion (SR ROM) in a cohort of ultramarathon road runners.Methods:One hundred six (74 men and 32 women, age 22–67 y) white runners who participated in either the 2009 or 2011 Two Oceans 56-km ultramarathon were included in this cross-sectional study. Their SR ROM measurements, COL5A1 rs71746744 genotype, and overall race times were determined.Results:COL5A1 rs71746744 was independently associated with running performance (P = .024) and prerace sr rom (P = .020). Moreover, the AGGG/AGGG genotype was significantly overrepresented in the fastest and inflexible athletes compared with those with either the –/AGGG or –/– genotype.Conclusions:These findings provide further evidence for a relationship between COL5A1, running performance, and SR ROM. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of this variant on the mechanical properties of connective tissue.

scholarly journals Hip and knee kinematics display complex and time-varying sagittal kinematics during repetitive stepping: Implications for design of a functional fatigue model of the knee extensors and flexors

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Scholes ◽  
Michael McDonald ◽  
Anthony Parker
Keyword(s):  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Velocity Variation ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Knee Motion ◽  
Functional Fatigue ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Fatigue Model ◽  
Joint Range ◽  
Flexion And Extension

The validity of fatigue protocols involving multi-joint movements, such as stepping, has yet to be clearly defined. Although surface electromyography can monitor the fatigue state of individual muscles, the effects of joint angle and velocity variation on signal parameters are well established. Therefore, the aims of this study were to i) describe sagittal hip and knee kinematics during repetitive stepping ii) identify periods of high inter-trial variability and iii) determine within-test reliability of hip and knee kinematic profiles. A group of healthy men (N = 15) ascended and descended from a knee-high platform wearing a weighted vest (10%BW) for 50 consecutive trials. The hip and knee underwent rapid flexion and extension during step ascent and descent. Variability of hip and knee velocity peaked between 20-40% of the ascent phase and 80-100% of the descent. Significant (p<0.05) reductions in joint range of motion and peak velocity during step ascent were observed, while peak flexion velocity increased during descent. Healthy individuals use complex hip and knee motion to negotiate a knee-high step with kinematic patterns varying across multiple repetitions. These findings have important implications for future studies intending to use repetitive stepping as a fatigue model for the knee extensors and flexors.

scholarly journals Associations Between the Size of Individual Plantar Intrinsic and Extrinsic Foot Muscles and Toe Flexor Strength

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Kusagawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Kurihara ◽  
Sumiaki Maeo ◽  
Takashi Sugiyama ◽  
Hiroaki Kanehisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Flexor Hallucis Longus ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Abductor Hallucis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Toe Flexor Strength ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Flexor Strength ◽  
Adductor Hallucis

Abstract Background The size of the plantar intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles has been shown to be associated with toe flexor strength (TFS). Previous studies adopted the size of a limited plantar intrinsic foot muscle or a compartment containing several muscles as an independent variable for TFS. Among the plantar intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles, therefore, it is unclear which muscle(s) primarily contributes to TFS development. The present study aimed to clarify this subject. Methods In 17 young adult men, a series of anatomical cross-sectional area of individual plantar intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles was obtained along the foot length and the lower leg length, respectively, using the magnetic resonance imaging. Maximal anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSAmax) and muscle volume (MV) for each constituent muscle of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles (flexor hallucis brevis; flexor digitorum brevis, FDB; abductor hallucis; adductor hallucis oblique head, ADDH-OH; adductor hallucis transverse head, ADDH-TH; abductor digiti minimi; quadratus plantae) and extrinsic foot muscles (flexor hallucis longus; flexor digitorum longus) were measured. TFS was measured with a toe grip dynamometry. Results TFS was significantly associated with the ACSAmax for each of the ADDH-OH (r = 0.674, p = 0.003), ADDH-TH (r = 0.523, p = 0.031), and FDB (r = 0.492, p = 0.045), and the MV of the ADDH-OH (r = 0.582, p = 0.014). As for the ADDH-OH, the correlation coefficient with TFS was not statistically different between ACSAmax and MV (p = 0.189). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that ACSAmax and MV of the ADDH-OH alone explained 42% and 29%, respectively, of the variance in TFS. Conclusion The ADDH-OH is the key muscle that primarily contributes to TFS development among the plantar intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles.

Dynamic Modeling of Shoulder Girdle Range of Motion Limits

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Garner
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Musculoskeletal Modeling ◽  
Multiple Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Joint Range ◽  
Flexion And Extension

For some applications of musculoskeletal modeling it may be important to simulate the passive responses of joint range-of-motion limits. For example, Lemay and Crago [1] enforced dynamic limits of flexion and extension in an elbow model. In cases such as the elbow where the joint can be modeled as a simple hinge, the range of motion can be easily specified in terms of a minimum and maximum joint angle, and the motion limits can be enforced using simple visco-elastic restraining torques against any limit violations. For joints such as the shoulder girdle, however, which involve multiple articulating bones and multiple degrees of freedom, dynamic enforcement of joint range-of-motion limits requires a more complex approach.

scholarly journals Perspectives of caregivers towards physiotherapy treatment for children with burns in Harare, Zimbabwe: A cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Chiwaridzo ◽  
Vimbayinashe Juliet Zinyando ◽  
Jermaine Matewu Dambi ◽  
Farayi Kaseke ◽  
Nyaradzai Munambah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Physiotherapy Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Biological Mothers ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Paediatric Burns ◽  
Burn Units ◽  
Joint Range

Abstract Background Physiotherapy is an integral part of treatment for paediatric burns. In Zimbabwe, children are admitted in paediatric burn unit with their caregivers, who play important roles such as providing explanation and obtaining cooperation of the child during physiotherapy, which is often uncomfortable or painful to the patient. The aim of this study was to determine the perspectives of caregivers towards physiotherapy interventions administered to hospitalized children at central hospitals in Harare, Zimbabwe. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaires. The study was carried out at two large central hospitals (Parirenyatwa Hospital and Harare Central Hospital). The study targeted all the caregivers of children below the age of 12 years with a diagnosis of burns, irrespective of severity or area affected, who were admitted in the two paediatric burn units. Of the 34 caregivers eligible to participate, 31 (91.1 %) questionnaires had complete data and were analysed. The analyses were done using Statistica version 12.0. Results The median age of the caregivers was 28 years (IQR = 24–33 years). Female caregivers constituted 90.3 % of the sample. The majority of the caregivers (n = 26, 83.9 %) were biological mothers to the hospitalised child. The majority of children (n = 20, 64.5 %) hospitalised were between 0 and 4 years. The commonest cause of burns was scalding (n = 19, 61.2 %). The burns were mainly in the upper extremities (n = 11, 35.5 %). Physiotherapy for the burns was mainly active and passive joint range of motion exercises (n = 30, 96.8 %). The caregivers’ perceptions towards physiotherapy were mainly positive (n = 20, 64.5 %) indicating that physiotherapy plays an important role in burn management. Of the 21 caregivers given a ward exercise programme, 13 (61.9 %) were not compliant. Conclusions Caregivers’ perspectives towards physiotherapy were largely positive and are similar to those found in other studies. The majority of the caregivers indicated that physiotherapy was important in the overall management of burns leading to proper healing of the wounds without complications.

scholarly journals Reliability and concurrent validity of Iphone®level application for measuring lower limb active flexion and extension range of motions in physical education students

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Izzet Kırkaya ◽  
Celil Kaçoğlu ◽  
Beyza Şenol
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Active Flexion ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Joint Range ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study was to analyse reliability and validity of accelerometer-based Iphone® Level application for measuring lower extremity active flexion and extension joint range of motion. Material and Methods. Thirty physically healthy students enrolled in sport sciences (11 males, 19 females, 21.2±1.5 years, Body mass 64.4±10.0 kg, Height 1.68±0.8 m, Fat percentage 21.2±7.8 %, 22.5±2.6 kg/m2) participated in the measurements of hip, knee, and ankle joint range of motion twice through Universal goniometer and Iphone® Level applications. The same experienced measurer carried out blind study of plantarflexion, dorsiflexion and knee flexion/extension, hip flexion/extension joint range of motion three times for each measurement methods and the other researcher recorded the results. For simultaneous validity analysis Pearson coefficient of correlation was used to decide the level of adaptation between the two intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha values. Bland-Altman graphics were utilized for level of agreement between these two different methods. Results. The results of Pearson coefficient of correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between the measurement values of joint range of motion performed through Universal goniometer and Level App (r2 = 0.44-0.94, p <0.05). Bland-Altman graphics showed a good agreement among Cronbach Alpha values and intraclass correlation coefficient in the confidence range of %95, and universal goniometers and Level App application. Conclusions. The results of this study revealed that goniometric measurements using Iphone® Level App is a good reliable method for measuring lower extremity active range of motion compared to universal goniometer.

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