scholarly journals IMPACT OF REMITTANCES ON PRIVATE SECTOR CREDIT IN THE PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 13-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chen ◽  
Shamal Chand ◽  
Baljeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Capita Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Bank Branches ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Per Capita

We examine the effect of remittances on private sector credit in the Pacific Islandcountries (PICs) using the data from 58 developing countries from 2004 to 2016. Theanalysis provides strong evidence that the effect of remittance inflows on privatesector credit for PICs is positive and higher than that for other developing countries.In addition, the per capita gross domestic product, official development assistance,the number of bank branches, and institutional quality are also positively associatedwith private sector credit in PICs, while the Consumer Price Index is negativelyassociated with private sector credit. These results have important implications for thedevelopment of financial sector in PICs.

scholarly journals Local Government in the South Pacific Islands

2008 ◽  
pp. 7-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Hassall ◽  
Feue Tipu
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Government Reform ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Island States ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Pacific Island States ◽  
South Pacific Islands

In this paper we seek to answer some basic questions about the condition of local government in the Pacific. Firstly, we examine what is meant by ‘local government’ in the various islands and for that matter how Pacific Island states have perceived and accepted local government institutions in practice; second, we ask basic questions about existing legal and constitutional recognition and powers; and third, we provide initial findings on current per capita expenditure and local government financial viability in a number of Pacific cities and towns. We also make some observations on current moves towards local government reform.

Cluster Analysis of the Chrysalis Silk Production Provinces in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 796 ◽  
pp. 323-326
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
Ting Ting Tao ◽  
Wan Chun Fei
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Basic Reference ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Production Areas

In this article, the yield of mulberry cocoon, the output of raw silk, the output of silk fabric, the consumer price index, the GDP per capita and the per capita income from 1999 to 2011 were analyzed for their principal components on the major production areas of cocoon and silk in China. The principal component analysis can ensure the smallest loss of the original data, to replace the multi-variables with a few synthetic variables, to simplify the data structure, and objectively determine the weights. The distances and similarities between provincial principal components, which were regarded as multivariable time series, were analyzed and computed, and clustering analysis were carried out. The result can be used as a basic reference for the industrial configuration and structural adjustment of silk in China.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KUNJUNGAN WISATAWAN MANCA NEGARA KE INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wawan Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Real Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Per Capita

The tourism sector is a sector that can be relied on to earn foreign exchange.Revenue from tourism showed significant progress and continues to grow, so bringa high impact on the Indonesian economy. Number of tourists visiting foreigncountries is an important indicator for the growth of tourism sector in Indonesia isrelated to the increase in foreign exchange. Increase or decrease of tourist arrivals isinfluenced both by internal factors such as the condition of tourist destinations inIndonesia, politics and security in Indonesia or external factors such as the economic conditions of the various countries of origin of foreign tourists. This study uses panel data with the annual number of tourist arrivals from a number of countries to Indonesia for 19 years as the dependent variable. The independent variable of this research is RGDPP (Real GDP Per Capita), RREER (Relative Real Effective Exchange Rate), TCPI (Indicative Ratio of Consumer Price Index), Population, CPITUNIS (Consumer Price Index Tunisia), TO (Trade Openness). The results of this study indicate that tourist arrivals to Indonesia is heavily influenced by the distance from their home country to destinations in Indonesia. This variable is the biggest variable affecting the arrival of foreign tourists to Indonesia. Income per capita is the second largest variable and has a coefficient  close to unity, so that the income elasticity of country of origin is an important variable to be considered.

scholarly journals Envisioning South-South relations in the fields of environmental change and migration in the Pacific Islands - past, present and futures

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eberhard Weber
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Marshall Islands ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Pacific Island Countries

Climate change poses severe threats to developing countries. Scientists predict entire states (e.g. Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Tuvalu, and Maldives) will become inhabitable. People living in these states have to resettle to other countries. Media and politicians warn that climate change will trigger migration flows in dimensions unknown to date. It is feared that millions from developing countries overwhelm developed societies and increase pressures on anyway ailing social support systems destabilizing societies and becoming a potential source of conflict.Inhabitants of Pacific Islandsahave been mobile since the islands were first settled not longer than 3,500 years ago. Since then people moved around, expanded their reach, and traded with neighbouring tribes (and later countries). With the event of European powers in the 15thcentury independent mobility became restricted after the beginning of the 19thcentury. From the second half of the 19thcentury movements of people predominately served economic interests of colonial powers, in particular a huge colonial appetite for labour. After independence emigration from Pacific Island countries continued to serve economic interest of metropolitan countries at the rim of the Pacific Ocean, which are able to direct migration flows according to their economic requirements.If climate change resettlements become necessary in big numbers then Pacific Islanders do not want to become climate change refugees. To include environmental reasons in refugee conventions is not what Pacific Islanders want. They want to migrate in dignity, if it becomes unavoidable to leave their homes. There are good reasons to solve the challenges within Pacific Island societies and do not depend too much on metropolitan neighbours at the rim of the Pacific such as Australia, New Zealand and the USA. To rise to the challenge requires enhanced Pan-Pacific Island solidarity and South-South cooperation. This then would result in a reduction of dependencies. For metropolitan powers still much can be done in supporting capacity building in Pacific Island countries and helping the economies to proposer so that climate change migrants easier can be absorbed by expanding labour markets in Pacific Island countries.

scholarly journals Analyzing the risk of entrepreneurship in tourist traffic

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Weiss ◽  
Jozef Zuzik ◽  
Erik Weiss ◽  
Slavomir Labant ◽  
Marcela Gergeľová
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
A Company

The contribution is aimed at developing a model of demand in tourist traffic with due regard to economic, geographical, demographical and social factors such as the GDP, Consumer Price Index, prices of trips, revenues per capita, exchange rate, etc. Important parts of this model are made up by the unpredictable negative situations that have already happened some time ago. The aim is to identify them and perform a follow-up analysis of the potential threats to a company involved in the tourist industry. Rated among those situations are terrorism, earthquakes and aviation accidents.

scholarly journals Impact of Financial Market Uncertainty on Market Returns: A Global Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Maryam Abid ◽  
Danish Ahmed Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Market Returns ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

This paper examines the effect of financial market uncertainty on market returns of different countries of the world. The effect of other macroeconomic like Consumer Price Index (CPI), Real Interest Rates (R.IR), Market Capitalization (MCAP), and Gross Domestic Product per capita growth (GDPPCG).For analyzing this relationship, around 40 countries data including developed and developing countries, over the period of 10 years from 2009-2018. For analysis, Panel Least Square (PLS) was used. Fixed Effect Model (FEM) is used to check the overall strength of the model. Group correlation was also performed on overall variables to check the causal relationship between all the variables and individual regression tests are also conducted country wise to explore that how much this model is applicable, descriptive analysis for market return and uncertainty to check the moments of these variables. The overall results it is concluded that market returns are affected by the financial markets uncertainty in the long run and it is a significant variable in explaining market returns while overall test results proved a positive relationship with market returns but individual testing of this model on each country shows, more than half countries in the study have a negative relationship of financial market uncertainty with market returns. Along this, other macro-economic variables impact is also measured over market returns of the world which shows all variables Consumer Price Index, Real Interest Rates and Market Capitalization except Gross Domestic Product per capita growth have a negative relationship with the Equity Market returns.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAMPAK TRANSFER PEMERINTAH TERHADAP KINERJA FISKAL DI KABUPATEN/KOTA PROPINSI JAWA TENGAH DALAM PELAKSANAAN DESENTRALISASI FISKAL

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Hadi Sasana
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Government Transfer ◽  
Development Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita

In the regional autonomy era, city or district have to be able to increase their own income to fund their government affairs. Realization of a more realistic regional autonomy can offer tangible economic, social and political benefits to the region. This paper analyze the influence of central government transfer, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita, consumer price index to original regional income (PAD), and the influence of central government transfer, PDRB per capita, population to routine and regional development expenditure. Data panels of all districts and cities (29 districts and 6 cities) since 2001 up to 2004 are used and the analyzing instrument used by pooled data with fixed effect model.The result of the study shown that central government transfer and the GRDP per capita positive and significant influence to the PAD, routine and regional development expenditure.Consumer price index has positive and significant influence to the PAD, and the total population only has positive and significant influence to the routine expenditure and has nothing to do with development expenditure.

scholarly journals Per Capita Carbon Dioxide Emission in the Developing Economies: Convergence or Divergence?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Siti Ayu Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Club Convergence ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Per Capita

This study analyzes the convergence of per capita carbon dioxide emission for 126 developing countries situated in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa, as well as Asia and the Pacific regions from 1971 to 2009. It employs the current technique proposed by Phillips and Sul (2007) also known as the log-t test. This method is crucial due to its ability to determine the possibility of club convergence that may arise if result shows a divergent pattern. The analysis is significant in order to propose climate change proposals besides being an incentive for developing countries to participate seriously in controlling their emission level. Empirical evidence shows the developing countries portray a convergent pattern of per capita carbon dioxide emissions.

scholarly journals Analysis of Urban Residents’ Willingness to Pay for Forest Ecological Services Based on the Multilayer Linear Model

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yi Sun ◽  
Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Ecological Services ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Per Capita

This study takes 8 cities in Shaanxi province as the research object and uses the multilayer linear model specifically for nested structure data to introduce the urban macroexplanatory variables on the basis of individual level of residents and influence the willingness of urban residents to pay for forest ecological services. The factors are analyzed in multiple layers to find out the prediction effect on ecological payment, and on this basis, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward. The results show that regional differences have a significant impact on residents’ willingness to pay for forest ecological services; individual characteristics and regional characteristics can independently have a significant impact on residents’ willingness to pay; after introducing macrolevel variables, individual-level environmental awareness and per capita income, five variables, such as education level, place of residence, and age, have significant predictive effects on residents’ willingness to pay; among them, the interaction between consumer price index and environmental awareness is the largest, followed by the interaction between consumer price index and age. Per capita social security is the interaction between expenditure and environmental awareness. Finally, that is the interaction between the per capita social security expenditure and age and the interaction between the average salary of employees and the monthly per capita income.

Dynamics of tourism demand in Turkey: Panel data analysis using gravity model

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1394-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Recep Ulucak ◽  
Ali Gökhan Yücel ◽  
Salih Çağrı İlkay
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

Turkey, an emerging economy, ranked 8th among the most visited countries in the world in 2017. Given the importance of the tourism sector in Turkey, it is of utmost importance to identify the dynamics of tourism demand to achieve sustainable tourism. The aim of this article is, therefore, to explore the demand-side factors that affect the number of international tourist arrivals to Turkey. To this end, an augmented gravity model has been employed to analyze the factors affecting the number of international tourists visiting Turkey from the top 25 originating countries from 1998 to 2017. The results show that the gravity model is very effective in explaining the tourist arrivals to Turkey. Empirical findings suggest that per capita income of both origin country and Turkey, relative exchange rate, and globalization positively affect the demand for tourism, while it is negatively affected by consumer price index, violence/terrorism, household debt level, and bilateral distance between Turkey and the origin country.

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