A possible crawling paracomatulid crinoid from the Lower Jurassic of central Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 523-532
Author(s):  
Riccardo Manni ◽  
Rolando Di Nardo
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Central Apennines ◽  
Morphofunctional Analysis

A new paracomatulid crinoid, Tiburtocrinus toarcensis gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Lower Jurassic of Tivoli (central Apennines, Italy). This type of stemless crinoids has never previously been recorded in Italy, and this report bridges a significant gap. Morphofunctional analysis of the radial facets suggests that Tiburtocrinus toarcensis gen. et sp. nov. may have been a crawling paracomatulid, very different from other paracomatulids that probably swam.

scholarly journals High resolution integrated microbiostratigraphy of the Lower Jurassic (late Pliensbachian–early Toarcian) of central Italy

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Bucefalo Palliani ◽  
Emanuela Mattioli
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossils ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossil ◽  
Dinoflagellate Cyst ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Events

Abstract. The integrated use of calcareous nannofossil and dinoflagellate cyst events in a study of the late Pliensbachian–early Toarcian interval in central Italy has yielded a high resolution biostratigraphy. The use of both the first and last occurrences of selected taxa belonging to the two phytoplankton groups allows the dating of the sediments with a very refined detail, even when lithologies are unfavourable to the preservation of one fossil group. The evolutionary history of calcareous nannofossils and dinoflagellate cysts during the early Jurassic and its links with global events are responsible for the high potential of this integrated biostratigraphy.

scholarly journals Fault-controlled dolomitization in the Montagna dei Fiori Anticline (Central Apennines, Italy): record of a dominantly pre-orogenic fluid migration

Solid Earth ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1355-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahtab Mozafari ◽  
Rudy Swennen ◽  
Fabrizio Balsamo ◽  
Hamdy El Desouky ◽  
Fabrizio Storti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Fluid Migration ◽  
Central Apennines ◽  
Elevated Salinity ◽  
Siliciclastic Rocks

Abstract. The Lower Jurassic platform and basinal deposits exposed in the Montagna dei Fiori Anticline (Central Apennines, Italy) are pervasively affected by dolomitization. Based on the integration of field work, petrography, and geochemistry, two fault-related dolomitization events were recognized and interpreted as having occurred before and during the Apenninic orogeny. Fluid inclusion analysis indicates moderate to elevated salinity values of 3.5 to 20.5 and 12.8 to 18.6 eq. wt % NaCl in the first and the second event, respectively. The estimated salinities, in combination with δ18O values and 87Sr∕86Sr ratios, suggest significant involvement of evaporitic fluids in both events, most likely derived from the underlying Upper Triassic Burano Formation. In addition, the 87Sr∕86Sr ratios up to 0.70963 suggest the circulation of deep-sourced fluids that interacted with siliciclastic rocks and/or the crystalline basement during the dolomitization events. Two major dolomite types (D1 and D2) were recognized as pertaining to the first event, both postdated by high-amplitude bed-parallel stylolites, supporting a syn-burial pre-layer-parallel shortening dolomitization. A possible geodynamic framework for this dolomitization event is Early Jurassic to Late Jurassic rift-related extensional tectonism. The second dolomitization event (D3, D4, and D5) is characterized by a temperature upturn (up to 105 ∘C) and interpreted as associated with the inflow of hydrothermal fluids, possibly related to major changes in the permeability architecture of faults during early- to syn-thrusting and folding activity. Based on the timing of deformation in the Montagna dei Fiori Anticline, the second dolomitization event likely occurred in Late Miocene to Pliocene times. The findings regarding characteristics and timing of dolomitization here illustrates the long-term controlling role of the evaporitic detachments in the dolomitization process. This study shows that the Mg-rich fluids that were most likely derived from evaporites may prime the tectonically involved successions for repeated dolomitization, and hence the formation of potential reservoirs during sequential tectonic modifications (extensional vs. compressional).

Forerunners of the Romans. II.

Antiquity ◽  
1928 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Randall-MacIver
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Central Apennines ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Adriatic Coast ◽  
Different Origin ◽  
Burial Rite

At the date of about 1000 B.c., that is to say a little after the A beginning of the Iron Age and two centuries before any effective colonization by the Etruscans coming from Asia Minor, northern and central Italy may be partitioned into five distinct spheres of civilization. For convenience of treatment I shall assume that each of these spheres represents a comparatively homogeneous people, passing over the question whether there may not have been submerged minorities of some local importance. And I shall give each of these five peoples, or nations as they may not unfairly be called, a conventional name of geographic derivation, to avoid the endless and futile controversies as to tribal nomenclature. As the accompanying map therefore will show the north-west is occupied by the Comacines, part of Venetia by the Atestines, the Bolognese region by the northern Villanovans, Tuscany and part of Latium by the southern Villanovans. East of the Apennines, from Rimini to Aufidena, the Adriatic coast and the central Apennines were held by the Picenes, who must be understood for this purpose to include some of the tribes known to history as Samnites in addition to a small number of Umbrians. The first four of these nations were related by more or less close ties of kinship and practised the same burial rite of cremation, but the Picenes were of wholly different origin and used only the rite of inhumation. Of the Ligurians, occasionally mentioned by classical writers as occupying the coast of the Italian Riviera, it is impossible to say anything as they have left no remains by which their civilization in the Iron Age can be judged.

scholarly journals Fault-controlled dolomitization in the Montagna dei Fiori Anticline (Central Apennines, Italy): Record of a dominantly pre-orogenic fluid migration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahtab Mozafari ◽  
Rudy Swennen ◽  
Fabrizio Balsamo ◽  
Hamdy El Desouky ◽  
Fabrizio Storti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Central Apennines ◽  
Elevated Salinity ◽  
Late Generation ◽  
Extensional Faulting ◽  
Homogenization Temperatures

Abstract. The Lower Jurassic platform and basinal deposits exposed in the Montagna dei Fiori Anticline (Central Apennines, Italy) are pervasively affected by dolomitization. Based on the integration of field work, petrography, and geochemistry, two fault-related dolomitization events were recognized and interpreted as occurred before and during the Apenninic orogeny, respectively. Fluid inclusion analysis indicates moderate to elevated salinity values of 3.5 to 20.5 and 12.8 to 18.6 eq. wt. % NaCl, in the first and the second event, respectively. The estimated salinities, in combination with δ18O values and 87Sr/86Sr ratios, suggest significant involvement of evaporitic fluids in both events, most likely derived from the underlying Upper Triassic Burano Formation. In addition, the 87Sr/86Sr ratios up to 0.70963 suggest the circulation of deep-sourced fluids that interacted with siliciclastics and/or the crystalline basement during the dolomitization events. The first dolomitization event which is also considered as the most pervasive one started prior to the significant burial conditions, as reflected in homogenization temperatures of their fluid inclusions being mostly below about 40–50 °C. Two major dolomite types (D1 and D2) were recognized as pertaining to this event, both postdated by high amplitude bed-parallel stylolites. This relationship supports a syn-burial, pre layer-parallel shortening dolomitization, interpreted as controlled by the extensional fault pattern affecting the carbonate succession before its involvement in the Apenninic thrust wedge. A possible geodynamic framework for this dolomitization event is Early to Late Jurassic rift-related extensional tectonism. The second dolomitization event initiated with a dolomite type (D3) characterized by a slight temperature upturn (up to 73 °C), followed by a second type (D4) with markedly higher homogenization temperatures (up to 105 °C), interpreted as associated with the inflow of hydrothermal fluids, possibly related to major changes in the permeability architecture of faults during early- to syn-thrusting and folding activity. Eventually, D4 was overprinted by a late generation of dolomite veins (D5) interpreted as associated with late orogenic extensional faulting in the backlimb of the Montagna dei Fiori Anticline. Based on the timing of deformation in the Montagna dei Fiori Anticline, D3 to D5 dolomitization likely occurred in Late Miocene to Pliocene times. The findings regarding characteristics and timing of dolomitization here illustrates the long-term controlling role of the eveporitic detachments in dolomitization process. Our data shows the Mg-rich fluids most likely derived from these evaporites may prime the tectonically involved successions for repeated dolomitization, and formation of potential reservoirs in sequential tectonic modifications (extensional vs. compressional).

Inversion tectonics during post-orogenic extensional collapse: a comparison between ancient (North Sea, UK) and recent (Fucino Basin, central Apennines Apennines) intermontane systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Patruno ◽  
Vittorio Scisciani
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Collapse ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Coupled Analysis ◽  
Inversion Tectonics ◽  
Central Apennines ◽  
The North ◽  
Fucino Basin ◽  
Extensional Collapse

<p>Post-orogenetic extensional/gravitational collapse events constitute a relatively poorly understood tectonic process, which is responsible for the quick and effective dismantling of the thickened crust and topographic bulge of fold-and-thrust belt edifices. These events are also responsible for the accumulation of very thick post-orogenetic successions and, in case of active extension, may trigger moderate to strong earthquakes resulting in obvious seismic hazards (e.g., the 1915 Mg 7.0 Fucino earthquake in Central Italy, which caused 30,000 victims)</p><p>Here, we combine seismic interpretation coupled with well analyses, basin modelling and a thorough literature review, in order to compare an ancient and a modern example of study areas subject to post-orogenetic collapse. The Devonian-age Old Red Sandstones of north-western Europe and ?Plio-Quaternary fill of the Fucino intramontane extensional basin in the central Apennines (Italy) share several stratigraphic, depositional and tectonic characteristics. Both are characterized by remarkably similar seismic-stratigraphic architecture (with syn-depositional half-grabens) and maximum thickness of >1,500 metres. In the Fucino, the border faults associated to the main tectonic depocentres achieved maximum throw rates of 1,000-1,400 mm/kyr.</p><p>Both units comprise thick continental siliciclastic successions, dominated by lacustrine and alluvial to fluvio-deltaic facies. The facies architecture reveals a progressive transition from localized, fault-bounded depocentres to transgressive lacustrine successions in wider basins that are less reliant on the sole fault-driven subsidence. The studied units were deposited due to high and quick tectonic subsidence which took place very shortly after the end (or during?) of crustal shortening processes (respectively Caledonian and Apenninic orogenesis) and in a post-orogenic collapse context.</p><p>In both study areas, the sedimentation of the thick continental units are intimately associated to a polyphase inversion tectonics, with pre-existing inherited deep-seated discontinuities affected, in places, first by a positive and subsequently by a negative reactivation during the extensional collapse. A further element common in the two study areas, is a strike-slip or oblique tectonics occurring during or immediately prior to the extensional collapse achieved by the normal faulting. This has been interpreted as a consequence of the gradual rotation of the stress vectors around their axes, culminating in the relaxation of the horizontal compressive stress and the onset of the post-orogenetic extensional/gravitational collapse process itself. For example, in the Fucino Basin, maximum Plio-Quaternary sediment thicknesses of >1700 m occur in two tectonic depocentres, situated respectively to the north and east of the basin. In contrast, the south-eastern striking dip-slip border faults bounding the eastern edge of the Fucino show maximum slip rates in the Lower-Middle Pleistocene, with evidence (e.g., Gioia dei Marsi) for a very recent activity, possibly linked with the 1915 seismic event.</p><p>The study of post-orogenic extensional collapse by comparison of ancient and recent basins suggest that in these settings poly-phase tectonic inversion commonly occurs and promote multiple reactivation of inherited zones of weakness. The comprehension of the common and dissimilar features, may be fundamental to better understand the mechanism and evolution of post-orogenic chain reworking and for natural resources and geological hazards assessment, including earthquakes. The coupled analysis of an ancient and recent example enables just that.</p>

Mesozoic palaeogeography and tectono-stratigraphic features of the northern Amerini Mts. (Central Apennines, Italy): new constraints on their Jurassic and Cretaceous evolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costantino Zuccari ◽  
Angelo Cipriani ◽  
Massimo Santantonio
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Carbonate Platforms ◽  
Central Apennines ◽  
Sedimentary Evolution ◽  
Structural High

<p>A geological mapping project was performed on the 1:10,000 scale in the northern Amerini Mts. (Narni–Amelia Ridge, Central Apennines), coupled with facies analysis and multidisciplinary outcrop characterisation. This project was focused on the Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous succession, in order to reconstruct the Mesozoic palaeogeography and tectono-sedimentary evolution of the study area. This sector of the Apenninic Chain (i.e. Umbria-Marche-Sabina palaeogeographic domain) experienced the Early Jurassic rifting phase, which dismembered the vast Calcare Massiccio carbonate platform. The development of a rugged submarine topography, coupled with drowning of the benthic factories, were the main effects of this normal faulting. The complex submarine physiography, made of structural highs and lows, is highlighted by facies and thickness variations of the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous deposits. The hangingwall blocks hosted thick (hundreds of metres) pelagic successions, with variable volumes of admixed gravity-flow deposits. These successions onlapped the horst blocks along escarpments, rooted in the rift faults, where the pre-rift Calcare Massiccio was exposed. The tops of footwall blocks (Pelagic Carbonate Platforms or PCPs) were capped by thin (few tens of metres or less), fossil-rich and chert-free, condensed pelagic successions. This rift architecture was evened out at a domain scale in the Early Cretaceous. Successively, Miocene orogenic and Plio-Pleistocene extensional faulting caused uplift and exhumation of the Mesozoic rocks.</p><p>In the study area, geothematic mapping associated with the analysis of basin-margin unconformities and successions revealed a narrow and elongated Jurassic structural high (Mt. Croce di Serra - Mt. Alsicci structural high), surrounded by Jurassic basinal pelagites. The PCP-top condensed succession is not preserved. The chert-rich basinal units rest on the horst-block Calcare Massiccio through unconformity surfaces (palaeoescarpments), as marked by the silicification of the (otherwise chert-free) shallow-water limestone. The onlap successions embed megablocks of Calcare Massiccio (hundreds of metres across), detached from their parent palaeoescarpments. Very thin, condensed deposits form discontinuous veneers on the olistoliths of Calcare Massiccio (epi-olistolith deposits) and are onlapped by younger basin-fill pelagites. The beds surrounding the olistoliths are characteristically bent due to differential compaction, as their (newly acquired) strikes mimic the outline of the stiff objects they were burying.</p><p>Indirect evidence for a Toarcian, post-rift, tectonic pulse can be locally mapped, and is documented by angular unconformities between the Pliensbachian and Toarcian pelagites, as well as by mass-transport deposits found in the Rosso Ammonitico (Toarcian).</p><p>The same goes for millimetric to centimetric neptunian dykes made of Maiolica pelagites cross-cutting the Corniola Fm. (Sinemurian-Pliensbachian). These dykes, coupled with the occurrence of unconformities between Aptian-Albian pelagites (Marne a Fucoidi Fm.) and Lower Jurassic rocks (Calcare Massiccio and Corniola formations), provide evidence for a further Early Cretaceous tectonic phase, recently reported from the southern sectors of Narni-Amelia ridge.</p>

scholarly journals PREFACE

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Doglioni ◽  
Marco Anzidei ◽  
Silvia Pondrelli ◽  
Fabio Florindo
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Universal Time ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Seismic Sequence ◽  
Central Apennines ◽  
Total Destruction ◽  
Italian Regions

<p>The M=6.0 earthquake that struck central Italy at 01:36 UTC (Universal Time Coordinated) on August 24, 2016, marked the beginning of a long, still-ongoing seismic sequence, which culminated in the Mw 6.5 event at 06:40 UTC on October 30, 2016, while this volume was already in preparation, and reactivated again when this preface was almost complete. This dramatic seismic sequence, which on January 18, 2017, released four additional events of M between 5.0 and 5.5 in a few hours, caused 298 casualties, hundreds of injuries, and the practically total destruction of several villages across a wide area of the central Apennines, covering the Italian Regions of Lazio, Umbria, Marche and Abruzzo. In particular, the historical village of Amatrice was completely destroyed. [...]</p>

The Pretare-Piedilama rock block deposit: evidence of a further case of quaternary rock avalanche in Central Apennines, Italy 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Putignano ◽  
Emiliano Di Luzio ◽  
Luca Schilirò ◽  
Andrea Pietrosante ◽  
Salvatore Ivo Giano
Keyword(s):  
Slope Failure ◽  
Rock Slope ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Rock Avalanche ◽  
Rock Block ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Central Apennines ◽  
Massive Rock ◽  
Rock Avalanches

&lt;p&gt;In the last two decades large clastic deposits in Central Apennines with specific morphological and sedimentological features have been interpreted as the result of Quaternary rock avalanche events (e.g., Di Luzio et al., 2004; Bianchi Fasani et al., 2014; Schilir&amp;#242; et al., 2019; Antonielli et al., 2020). The analysis of such deposits, that are located within intermontane basins and narrow valleys bounded by high mountain ridges, have improved the knowledge about this kind of massive rock slope failures, also clarifying their relationship with Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The present study then describes a multidisciplinary analysis carried out on a huge rock block deposit which crops out within the Pretare-Piedilama Valley, in the piedmont junction area of the Sibillini Mountain range (Central Italy), where Mesozoic basinal carbonates overthrust Miocene foredeep deposits.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, we performed sedimentological, stratigraphical and morphometric analyses on the clastic deposit; results support the interpretation of the event as a rock avalanche body. The accumulation area shows a T-like shape with a wide, E-W-oriented, proximal part and a N-S channelization in the central and lower sectors. The evidence suggests erosional events and tectonics as controlling factors on rock flow deposition. In this respect, the area was involved in the 2016 central Italy seismic sequence and was tectonically active during Quaternary times&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;(Tortorici et al., 2009).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As regards on the deposit genesis, considering the geometric characteristics of a sub-rectangular detachment area located on the southern edge of the Sibillini Range, an original mechanism of rockslide failure involving about 8&amp;#183;10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of Early Jurassic limestone was inferred. Here, the post-failure geomorphic features behind the main scarp are considered for the evaluation of hazard conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, well-log analysis of the clastic sequence filling the Pretare-Piedilama Valley evidenced additional Quaternary landslide events occurred before the rock avalanche, thus testifying to a long history of large slope instabilities in the area controlling the landscape development.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;REFERENCES&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Antonielli B., Della Seta M., Esposito C., Scarascia-Mugnozza G., Schilir&amp;#242; L., Spadi M., Tallini M. (2020). Quaternary rock avalanches in the Apennines: New data and interpretation of the huge clastic deposit of the L'Aquila Basin (central Italy). Geomorphology, 361, 107-194. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107194.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Bianchi Fasani G., Di Luzio E., Esposito C., Evans S.G., Scarascia-Mugnozza G. (2014). Quaternary, catastrophic rock avalanches in the Central Apennines (Italy): relationships with inherited tectonic features, gravity-driven deformations and the geodynamic frame. Geomorphology, 21, 22&amp;#8211;42. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.12.027.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Di Luzio E., Bianchi-Fasani G., Saroli M., Esposito C., Cavinato G.P., Scarascia-Mugnozza G. (2004). Massive rock slope failure in the central Apennines (Italy): the case of the Campo di Giove rock avalanche. Bullettin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 63, 1-12. doi:10.1007/s10064-003-0212-7.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Schilir&amp;#242; L., Esposito C., De Blasio F.V., Scarascia-Mugnozza G. (2019). &lt;strong&gt;Sediment texture in rock avalanche deposits: insights from field and experimental observations. &lt;/strong&gt;Landslides, 16, 1629-1643. doi: 10.1007/s10346-019-01210-x.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Tortorici G., Romagnoli G., Grassi S. et al. (2019). Quaternary negative tectonic inversion along the Sibillini Mts. thrust zone: the Arquata del Tronto case history (Central Italy). Environ Earth Sci 78:&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;37. doi:10.1007/s12665-018-8021-2.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;

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