Selective sediment transport during Hurricane Sandy on Fire Island (New York, USA): Inferences from heavy-mineral assemblages

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-285
Author(s):  
João Cascalho ◽  
Pedro J.M. Costa ◽  
Guy Gelfenbaum ◽  
Seanpaul La Selle ◽  
Bruce Jaffe
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Fire Island ◽  
Severe Erosion ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused severe erosion on beaches and dunes of Fire Island (New York, USA). Major shoreline changes occurred with erosional dominance in the upper shoreline and aggradation in the lowermost section of the beach due to the deposition of eroded upper-beach and dune sediment. Sand laminae with a high concentration of heavy minerals (“black sand laminae”) were observed in three excavated trenches located on a washover terrace and fan on the east side of Fire Island. The mineral composition of these laminae reveals the presence of high quantities of magnetite, ilmenite (as opaque minerals), and garnet (as the main translucent mineral). These heavy-mineral-enriched laminae were formed as waves eroded and transported sand from the primary dune and smaller relict dunes under specific hydrodynamic conditions that promoted grain sorting according to differences in size and specific gravity. Based on the concentrations of certain heavy minerals, the threshold for primarily density-driven sorting probably lies between the specific gravity of less dense opaque mineral (ilmenite, 4.7) and almandine (4.3), the most common transparent heavy mineral. The number of laminae and concentrations of heavy minerals vary between trenches on the overwash terrace and appear to be controlled by their distance from sediment sources. The trench with the greatest number of laminae and higher heavy-mineral concentrations is located farthest from the main dune but is just 10 m inland of a relict dune that acts as the primary source of sediment of the washover deposit in this trench. A conceptual model for deposition of heavy-mineral layers is presented based on geomorphological and sedimentological evidence allowing the definition of a density threshold.

EAARL-B coastal topography: Fire Island, New York, pre-Hurricane Sandy, 2012: seamless (bare earth and submerged)

Data Series ◽  
10.3133/ds888 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wayne Wright ◽  
Christine J. Kranenburg ◽  
Emily S. Klipp ◽  
Rodolfo J. Troche ◽  
Xan Fredericks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Fire Island ◽  
Coastal Topography

scholarly journals FEDERAL JETTY AND SAND DIKE AT THE ENTRANCE OF FIRE ISLAND INLET, NEW YORK

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (20) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Cyril Galvin ◽  
Charles J. Rooney ◽  
Gilbert K. Nersesian
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Inlet Channel ◽  
The West ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
Fire Island ◽  
Longshore Transport ◽  
Severe Erosion

Prior to construction at Fire Island Inlet, Fire Island was moving westward at more than 200 feet per year, the north shore of the inlet was eroding severely, and navigation in the inlet was difficult. The Federal Jetty, completed in 1941, and the sand dike, built in 1959, have halted the westward migration, eliminated the severe erosion, and partially improved navigation, with minimal maintenance or repair to the structures. There has been a large net accretion of sand east of the jetty and west of the dike, an unknown part of which is at the expense of shores to the west of the inlet. At the State Park on the south side of the inlet interior, erosion accelerated, probably because of the dike. The middle and ocean segments of the 4750-foot Federal Jetty are now (1987) in good condition, although the design implies a stability coefficient for the quarrystone jetty head at time of construction that would now be considered risky. Stability has been promoted by a stone blanket under and east of the jetty, a thick stone apron seaward of the jetty, a low (8 feet MLW) crest, and armor stone that has been partially keyed in place. Damage due to scour, common at other single-jetty inlets, is absent here because longshore transport, which easily overtops the low crest, keeps the inlet channel away from the jetty. Although the two seaward segments of the jetty remain in good condition, the inshore segment of the jetty is in poor condition, despite its apparently sheltered location. The cumulative effects of waves, possibly channeled to the site along recurved spits during storms, have damaged 1200 feet, and tidal scour has destroyed about 230 feet. The damaged segment has a design cross section which is onefifth and one-twelfth the cross sections of the jetty trunk and head.

scholarly journals Hurricane Sandy washover deposits on Fire Island, New York

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
SeanPaul M. La Selle ◽  
Brent D. Lunghino ◽  
Bruce E. Jaffe ◽  
Guy Gelfenbaum ◽  
Pedro J.M. Costa
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Fire Island ◽  
Washover Deposits

Hurricane Sandy beach response and recovery at Fire Island, New York: Shoreline and beach profile data, October 2012 to October 2014

Data Series ◽  
10.3133/ds931 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Hehre Henderson ◽  
Cheryl J. Hapke ◽  
Owen T. Brenner ◽  
Billy J. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Beach Profile ◽  
Profile Data ◽  
Fire Island ◽  
Response And Recovery

scholarly journals The impact of Hurricane Sandy on the shoreface and inner shelf of Fire Island, New York: Large bedform migration but limited erosion

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 13-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Goff ◽  
Roger D. Flood ◽  
James A. Austin, Jr. ◽  
William C. Schwab ◽  
Beth Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Inner Shelf ◽  
Fire Island ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Provenance of Paleozoic very low- to low-grade metasedimentary rocks of South Tisia (Slavonian Mountains, Radlovac Complex, Croatia)

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanja Biševac ◽  
Erwin Krenn ◽  
Fritz Finger ◽  
Borna Lužar-Oberiter ◽  
Dražen Balen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Age Dating ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Depositional History ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Monazite age dating, detrital heavy mineral content and whole-rock geochemistry provided insight into the provenance, depositional history and paleogeological setting of the Radlovac Complex very low- to low-grade metasedimentary rocks (South Tisia, Slavonian Mountains, Croatia). Electron microprobe based Th-U-Pb dating of detrital monazite indicates a Variscan age of the protolith (330 ± 10 Ma). The detrital heavy mineral assemblages of representative metasedimentary rocks are dominated by apatite, zircon, tourmaline and rutile accompanied by minor quantity of epidote/zoisite, monazite and titanite. Judging from the heavy mineral assemblage, felsic igneous rocks served as the source material. This is consistent with the major and trace element spectrum of studied metasedimentary rocks characterized by high concentration of Th, high L + MREEs and high ratios of La/Sc, Th/Sc, La/Co, Th/Co and Th/Cr. The occurrence of magmatic monazite, zircon and xenotime and the absence of metamorphic heavy minerals suggest that granitoids, migmatites and migmatitic gneisses served as one major source for the metapsammites. Such rock types are commonly exposed in the Papuk Complex of the older surrounding complexes, while the Psunj Complex also contains metamorphic rocks. This is in good correlation with the monazite ages presented here which fits better with ages of Papuk Complex representative rocks than with those of the Psunj Complex known from the literature. Overall, data show that the Radlovac Complex represents the detritus of the local Variscan crust characterized by granitoid bodies, migmatites and migmatitic gneisses typical for the Papuk Complex.

scholarly journals Vliv diagenetických procesů na asociaci těžkých minerálů v pískovcích z lokality Slivotín (ždánická jednotka, flyšové pásmo Vnějších Západních Karpat, Česká republika)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Dolníček ◽  
Michaela Krejčí Kotlánová ◽  
Rostislav Koutňák
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Chrome Spinel ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Diagenetic Alteration ◽  
Outer Western Carpathians

An electron microprobe study of polished sections prepared from a sample of fine-grained sandstone from the locality Slivotín (Ždánice-Hustopeče Formation, Ždánice Unit, Flysch Belt of the Outer Western Carpathians, Czech Republic) allowed to yield in addition to data on chemical composition also the detailed information on in situ textural relationships of individual minerals. During our study, emphasis was given to accessory phases belonging to the translucent heavy mineral fraction. The detrital garnet (Alm36-82Grs2-45Prp2-22Sps0-15) was extensively dissolved and replaced by calcite cement from its margins and along the cracks. Detrital fluorapatite was dissolved in a similar way, however, dissolution episode was followed by growth of authigenic rims composed of carbonate-fluorapatite. Other observed heavy minerals (zircon, chrome spinel, TiO2 phase, monazite, tourmaline) probably remained unaltered by diagenetic processes. The chemical composition of chrome spinels varies mostly between magnesiochromite and chromite, whereas spinel is very rare. The chemical composition of garnets and chrome spinels is comparable with published data from Czech, Polish and Slovak parts of the Flysch Belt of the Western Carpathians, and indicates the primary source of detrital material in rocks of deeper parts of orogen, characterized especially by the presence of catazonal metamorphites and almost lacking volcanic rocks. Redeposition of heavy minerals from older sediments cannot also be ruled out. The pronounced diagenetic alteration of garnet, if not very scarce in the area of Flysch Belt, could help to explain the earlier observations of wide fluctuations of contents of garnet in heavy mineral concentrates.

Piping Plover population increase after Hurricane Sandy mediated by immigration and reproductive output

The Condor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha G Robinson ◽  
Daniel Gibson ◽  
Thomas V Riecke ◽  
James D Fraser ◽  
Henrietta A Bellman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Piping Plover ◽  
Habitat Creation ◽  
Fire Island ◽  
Large Scale Disturbance ◽  
Positive Population

Abstract Evaluating population-level responses to conservation action following large-scale disturbance can improve the efficacy of future habitat conservation measures. In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy storm surges cleared vegetation and opened inlets through the barrier islands, Fire Island and Westhampton Island, New York, creating Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) habitat. Storm effects prompted an island-wide stabilization project, which had the potential to negatively affect novel Piping Plover habitat. Certain sections of Fire Island were designed to create and/or improve habitat (hereafter, restoration areas) to mitigate possible habitat loss or degradation. Since Piping Plovers in New York appear to be habitat-limited, we anticipated positive population growth following habitat creation. From 2013 to 2018, we captured and banded 152 adults and 353 chicks, and monitored 279 nests and 160 broods. We developed an integrated population model to assess demographic processes in response to hurricane created-habitat (2013–2018) and the creation of restoration areas (2015–2018). We observed positive population growth in 3 of 5 yr, and overall growth throughout the period (λ¯ = 1.13). Immigration and reproductive output were correlated with population growth (r = 0.92 [95% CI: 0.22 to 0.98] and 0.84 [95% CI: –0.47 to 0.95], respectively). Compared with the rest of the study area, restoration areas had higher chick survival, and lower nest survival and after second-year site fidelity. The result was population growth in restoration areas (λ¯= 1.14) similar to the whole study area. In the short term, restoration areas seemed to mimic natural Piping Plover habitat. Vegetation removal, an important process in renewing natural Piping Plover habitat, likely will be necessary to maintain habitat suitability. Efforts to increase immigration of new breeding adults into the system, and to improve reproductive output, primarily by habitat creation or maintenance, are likely to have the greatest local effect on population growth.

scholarly journals Coastal change from Hurricane Sandy and the 2012-13 winter storm season: Fire Island, New York

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl J. Hapke ◽  
Owen Brenner ◽  
Rachel E. Henderson ◽  
B.J. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Coastal Change ◽  
Winter Storm ◽  
Fire Island
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document