scholarly journals Deskripsi Sanitasi Lingkungan, Perilaku Ibu, dan Kesehatan Anak

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Kasnodihardjo Kasnodihardjo ◽  
Elsa Elsi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Bowel Movement ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Mosquito Nets ◽  
The Media ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Diarrhea Disease

Pada tahun 2009, dilakukan penelitian deskriptif di Kecamatan Jatibarang dan Kecamatan Kedokan Bunder untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor sanitasi lingkungan, dan perilaku ibu-ibu dan kejadian penyakit infeksi pada bayi dan anak. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dengan responden ibu rumah tangga yang mempunyai bayi/ anak balita berjumlah 401 orang. Penyakit diare pada bayi/anak disebabkan oleh media tercemar yang masuk ke sistem pencernaan melalui sumber air untuk minum maupun mandi, cuci, kakus (MCK) yang bukan berasal dari ledeng, keluarga yang tidak mempunyai jamban, ibu yang masih jarang mencuci tangan setelah membersihkan kotoran bayi ataupun setelah buang air besar, meminum dan memakan makanan yang tidak dimasak, dan sampah yang dibuang ke lingkungan. Penyakit Infeksi saluran pernapasan atas (ISPA), pneumonia, dan tuberkulosis paru pada bayi/anak kemungkinan disebabkan media tercemar masuk ke sistem pernapasan melalui sampah yang dibakar, membawa (menggendong) anak sewaktu memasak, merokok di dalam rumah berdekatan dengan bayi/anak, menggunakan obat nyamuk bakar, penderita tuberkulosis paru meludah dan membuang dahak di sembarang tempat dan penderita tidur bersama anggota keluarga yang lain. Penyakit tular vektor pada bayi/anak (malaria) kemungkinan disebabkan upaya pen-cegahan gigitan nyamuk dengan repellent kurang efektif dan penggunaan kelambu masih rendah.In 2009 a descriptive study conducted in the subdistrict Jatibarang and Kedokan Bunder to determine the factors of environmental sanitation, infectious disease in baby/child, and mother’s behavior. Data were collect-ed using questionnaires which respondents are 401 housewives who have a baby/child. Occurrence of diarrhea disease in baby/child because of the possibility of contaminated media through the digestive system by water for drinking and toilets which do not originate from the piping network, families who do not have own toilet, mothers who still seldom washing hands after cleaning the baby’s stool or after a bowel movement, drinking and eating food that is not cooked and throw trash to the environment. Occurrence of respiratory diseases, pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis in baby/child possibly because the media is polluted through the respiratory system by burning garbage, carrying baby/children while, smoking at home or adjacent with babies/children, the use of mosquito coils, pulmonary tuberkulosis patients spit and throw phlegm in random places and sleeping with other family members. The occurrence of vector borne diseases in baby/child (malaria) because of the possibility of preventing mosquito bites with repellent less effective, the use of mosquito nets still low.

scholarly journals Epidemics of Vector-borne Diseases Observed in Infectious Disease Surveillance in Japan, 2000-2005

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (Supplement_I) ◽  
pp. S48-S55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuji Hashimoto ◽  
Miyuki Kawado ◽  
Yoshitaka Murakami ◽  
Michiko Izumida ◽  
Akiko Ohta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Infectious Disease Surveillance ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

scholarly journals Critical transitions in malaria transmission models are consistently generated by superinfection

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1775) ◽  
pp. 20180275 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Alonso ◽  
Andy Dobson ◽  
Mercedes Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Critical Transitions ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Control

The history of modelling vector-borne infections essentially begins with the papers by Ross on malaria. His models assume that the dynamics of malaria can most simply be characterized by two equations that describe the prevalence of malaria in the human and mosquito hosts. This structure has formed the central core of models for malaria and most other vector-borne diseases for the past century, with additions acknowledging important aetiological details. We partially add to this tradition by describing a malaria model that provides for vital dynamics in the vector and the possibility of super-infection in the human host: reinfection of asymptomatic hosts before they have cleared a prior infection. These key features of malaria aetiology create the potential for break points in the prevalence of infected hosts, sudden transitions that seem to characterize malaria’s response to control in different locations. We show that this potential for critical transitions is a general and underappreciated feature of any model for vector-borne diseases with incomplete immunity, including the canonical Ross–McDonald model. Ignoring these details of the host’s immune response to infection can potentially lead to serious misunderstanding in the interpretation of malaria distribution patterns and the design of control schemes for other vector-borne diseases.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: approaches and important themes’. This issue is linked with the subsequent theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: epidemic forecasting and control’.

A Framework for Modeling Genetically-Aware Mosquito Vectors for Sterile Insect Technique

2012 ◽  
pp. 256-274
Author(s):  
James E. Gentile ◽  
Samuel S. C. Rund
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Software Architecture ◽  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Mosquito Population ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Targeted Intervention ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Vector Borne

Vector-borne diseases account for 16% of the global infectious disease burden (WHO, 2004). Many of these debilitating and sometimes fatal diseases are transmitted between human hosts by mosquitoes. Mosquito-targeted intervention methods have controlled or eliminated mosquito-borne diseases from many regions of the world but regions of constant transmission (holoendemic areas) still exist (Molineaux et al., 1980). To eliminate these illnesses, researchers need to understand how interventions impact a mosquito population so as to identify potential avenues for new intervention techniques. This paper presents a software architecture that allows researchers to simulate transgenic interventions on a mosquito population. The authors present specifications for a model that captures these transgenic aspects and present a software architecture that meets those needs. The authors also provide a proof of concept and some observations about sterile insect technique strategies as simulated by this architecture.

scholarly journals Pangloss revisited: a critique of the dilution effect and the biodiversity-buffers-disease paradigm

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (7) ◽  
pp. 847-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. RANDOLPH ◽  
A. D. M. DOBSON
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Biodiversity And Ecosystem Function ◽  
Specific Community ◽  
Per Se

SUMMARYThe twin concepts of zooprophylaxis and the dilution effect originated with vector-borne diseases (malaria), were driven forward by studies on Lyme borreliosis and have now developed into the mantra “biodiversity protects against disease”. The basic idea is that by diluting the assemblage of transmission-competent hosts with non-competent hosts, the probability of vectors feeding on transmission-competent hosts is reduced and so the abundance of infected vectors is lowered. The same principle has recently been applied to other infectious disease systems – tick-borne, insect-borne, indirectly transmitted via intermediate hosts, directly transmitted. It is claimed that the presence of extra species of various sorts, acting through a variety of distinct mechanisms, causes the prevalence of infectious agents to decrease. Examination of the theoretical and empirical evidence for this hypothesis reveals that it applies only in certain circumstances even amongst tick-borne diseases, and even less often if considering the correct metric – abundance rather than prevalence of infected vectors. Whether dilution or amplification occurs depends more on specific community composition than on biodiversityper se. We warn against raising a straw man, an untenable argument easily dismantled and dismissed. The intrinsic value of protecting biodiversity and ecosystem function outweighs this questionable utilitarian justification.

The Spread of Mosquito Borne Disease – Is Climate Change Beginning to Bite?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 192-194
Author(s):  
John (Luke) Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

The author considers the threat to vector-borne diseases in the light of climate change.

The Scientific Basis for the Prevention of Zooanthroponoze Vector-Borne Diseases Spread by Parasitic Arthropods of the Center of the East European Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Fedor I. Vasilevich ◽  
Anna M. Nikanorova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Kaluga Region

The purpose of the research is development of preventive measures against zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases spread by parasitic arthropods in the Kaluga Region. Materials and methods. The subject of the research was Ixodidae, mosquitoes, and small mammals inhabiting the Kaluga Region. The census of parasitic arthropods was carried out on the territory of all districts of the Kaluga Region and the city of Kaluga. Open natural habitat and human settlements were investigated. Weather conditions from 2013 to 2018 were also taken into account. For the purposes of the study, we used standard methods for capturing and counting arthropods and mouse-like rodents. In order to obtain mathematical models of small mammal populations, a full factorial experiment was conducted using the collected statistical data. In-process testing of the drug based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide were carried out under the conditions of the agricultural collective farm “Niva” of the Kozelsky District, the Kaluga Region, and LLC “Angus Center of Genetics” of the Babyninsky District, the Kaluga Region. Results and discussion. In the Kaluga Region, two species of ixodic ticks are found, namely, Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus, which have two activity peaks. Mosquito may have 3-4 generations in a year in the Kaluga region. The most common mosquito species in the Kaluga Region are Aedes communis, Ae. (Och.) togoi and Ae. (Och.) diantaeus, Culex pipiens Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Culicidae) (Culex pipiens): Cx. pipiens f. pipiens L. (non-autogenic form) and Cx. p. f. molestus Fors. (autogenic form), which interbreed, and reproductively isolated in the Region. The developed mathematical models make it possible to quantify the risks of outbreaks of zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases without the cost of field research, and allow for rational, timely and effective preventive measures. Medications based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide and based on cyfluthrin showed high insecto-acaricidal efficacy and safety.

Current Challenges in the Development of Vaccines and Drugs Against Emerging Vector-borne Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 2974-2986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-sun Kim
Keyword(s):  
New Host ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Living Organisms

Vectors are living organisms that transmit infectious diseases from an infected animal to humans or another animal. Biological vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, and sand flies carry pathogens that multiply within their bodies prior to delivery to a new host. The increased prevalence of Vector-Borne Diseases (VBDs) such as Aedes-borne dengue, Chikungunya (CHIKV), Zika (ZIKV), malaria, Tick-Borne Disease (TBD), and scrub typhus has a huge impact on the health of both humans and livestock worldwide. In particular, zoonotic diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks place a considerable burden on public health. Vaccines, drugs, and vector control methods have been developed to prevent and treat VBDs and have prevented millions of deaths. However, development of such strategies is falling behind the rapid emergence of VBDs. Therefore, a comprehensive approach to fighting VBDs must be considered immediately. In this review, I focus on the challenges posed by emerging outbreaks of VBDs and discuss available drugs and vaccines designed to overcome this burden. Research into promising drugs needs to be upgraded and fast-tracked, and novel drugs or vaccines being tested in in vitro and in vivo models need to be moved into human clinical trials. Active preventive tactics, as well as new and upgraded diagnostics, surveillance, treatments, and vaccination strategies, need to be monitored constantly if we are to manage VBDs of medical importance.

scholarly journals Huanglongbing Model under the Control Strategy of Discontinuous Removal of Infected Trees

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1164
Author(s):  
Weiwei Ling ◽  
Pinxia Wu ◽  
Xiumei Li ◽  
Liangjin Xie
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Global Stability ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Citrus Trees

By using differential equations with discontinuous right-hand sides, a dynamic model for vector-borne infectious disease under the discontinuous removal of infected trees was established after understanding the transmission mechanism of Huanglongbing (HLB) disease in citrus trees. Through calculation, the basic reproductive number of the model can be attained and the properties of the model are discussed. On this basis, the existence and global stability of the calculated equilibria are verified. Moreover, it was found that different I0 in the control strategy cannot change the dynamic properties of HLB disease. However, the lower the value of I0, the fewer HLB-infected citrus trees, which provides a theoretical basis for controlling HLB disease and reducing expenditure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document