scholarly journals Methodological Approaches to Study “Competitiveness” Notion

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-354
Author(s):  
O. S. Bliznyuck
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Nominal Exchange Rate ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Definition Of

The paper is devoted to a detailed and comprehensive analysis of such economic category as competitiveness. Its beginning is focused on plurality of interpretations for a “competitiveness” term depending on goals and objectives, and it also provides a description of such economic category as “competitive advantage”. In addition the paper describes the most widespread approaches to competitiveness based on the opinion of reputable scientists and researchers (J. Faberberg, M. Francis, M. Best, A. Figuera) and it gives a definition of competitiveness at the micro-, meso- and macro levels. Detailed description of competitive relation levels, relationship and interaction between subjects (participants) of competitive relations depending on the competition level (national, international) has been given in the paper. Taking into account the approaches developed by prestigious foreign and national scientists, the author has prepared his own classification of methodological approaches to a definition of competitiveness on the basis of factors that ensure its growth and goals which it is striving for (its qualitative characteristics). The given classification includes seven groups of theories: production theories (theories of production efficiency), institutional theories, theories of technological (innovative) development (improvement), market (marketing) theories, theories of national (social) welfare, management theories and mixed theories. In addition, some indicators have been pinpointed and these indicators make it possible to analyze competitiveness (consumer price index, growth rate of inflation, nominal exchange rate of the Belarusian ruble, GDP growth rate, GDP structure (share of national economy sectors), monetization (ratio M2/GDP), availability of financial (credit) resources: dynamics of refinancing rate, credit rates (collateral, intraday, overnight credit, rates on REPO operations), producer price index (growth rate of prices for raw materials, real wages), level of tax burden for enterprises of industry and business, availability of tax incentives for innovative business (presence of an innovative component in business)) and they are proposed to be added for the forms of statistical reports, in particular a report on production of industrial products (works, services), a report on prices, a report on current costs for environmental protection, a report on implementation of research and development, a report on labor.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO SEARCH FOR RESERVES OF DECREASING COSTS IN THE BRANCHES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Prime Cost ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

In this article approaches to search for reserves of decrease in cost of agricultural production are considered. The methods of cost calculation of dairy cattle breeding products used at the studied enter-prise are analysed, short characteristic of the standard method offered by the Ministry of Agriculture is given, and calculations of alternative options are also carried out. Today creation of accounting of a production unit is very important so that not only weight units must be considered in it, but also the quali-tative structure of products must be reflected. Definition of qualitative characteristics and technological properties by production of milk which depend on use purposes can be an example. The raw materials consumption on a unit of production and its quality and also firmness of storage depends on technologi-cal properties of milk. At calculation of prime cost taking into account qualitative characteristics for cal-culation milk in terms of basic fat content undertakes. The method of calculation of prime cost consider-ing qualitative characteristics is the most expedient as prime cost of 1 c of milk unlike the operating tech-nique is lower. In the article analytical methods of reserves calculation for decrease in prime cost taking into account various factors are proved. The revealed reserves will allow an enterprise to expand its in-vestment opportunities in the future, they will give an additional incentive of modernization of the worn-out machinery and equipment in branches of agriculture.

TREND INFLATION AND MONETARY POLICY IN EASTERN EUROPE

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1649-1663
Author(s):  
Monika Junicke
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
Trend Inflation ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Dynamic Stochastic ◽  
Eastern European Countries

I use a two-country dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with a nonzero steady-state inflation to study monetary policy in transition economies. In particular, my analysis focuses on whether inflation targeting is based on a consumer price index (CPI) or its producer counterpart, producer price index (PPI). This issue is specifically relevant for transition economies as they might be subject to Balassa–Samuelson effects arising from trading in international markets. Under these circumstances, domestic inflation is possibly higher than imported inflation, hence targeting PPI inflation may prove more effective in influencing domestic macroeconomic variables than targeting CPI inflation. Using a Bayesian methodology, I find that the central banks of three Eastern European countries (namely, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland) are likely to target PPI inflation rather than CPI inflation. This result is in line with the theoretical predictions in the literature, and is robust across several Taylor-type rules.

scholarly journals SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND MACRO ECONOMICS: A CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Ahmad Subagyo ◽  
Siti Zulaikha Wulandari ◽  
Desmadi Saharuddin
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Economic Variable ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between intellectual capital of several companies in Indonesia and macroeconomic variables Indonesia during the period 2011-2017 at 61 companies listed on the Stock Exchange. In this study using several intellectual capital variables in 61 companies and some Indonesian macro-economic variables are intellectual capital variable, Indonesian bank interest rate, consumer price index, producer price index, exchange rate index, inflation. This paper uses multiple regression data analysis techniques with OLS proposal model, linear difference and log analysis. From the results of studies that have been done can be explained that with the OLS regression model the relationship between several variable intellectual capital with some macroeconomic variables partially and simultaneously significant, as well as the difference. With log linear regression model analysis relationship between several variable intellectual capital with some macro economic variable simultaneously significant and partially between some variable intellectual capital significant and not significant partially with macro economic variable.

Analysis of Relationships and Causality between Consumer Price Index (CPI), the Producer Price Index (PPI) and Purchasing Manager’s Index (PMI) in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Francois Meyer ◽  
Thomas Habanabakize
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Producer Price Index ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

The variables the consumer price index (CPI), the producer price index (PPI) and the purchasing managers’ index (PMI) and play major roles in economic forecasting. The overall objective of this study is to assess the inter-relationships between CPI, PPI and PMI as predicting variables. This study is quantitative in nature and employed an ARDL econometric model, error correction model (ECM) and Granger causality approaches to establish long and short-run relationships. The ARDL method was used due to the fact that the variables had a mix of stationarity at levels I (0) and the first difference I (1). Quarterly datasets were obtained from Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) and the Bureau of Economic Research (BER) for the period 2000 to 2017. Results from the estimations discovered that variables cointegrate in the long-run. Additionally, evidence of short-run relationships has been determined using ECM. Furthermore, causal relationships were also analysed with results indicating that CPI causes PMI and PPI causes PMI. The implication of the research is the confirmation of the importance of relationships between CPI, PPI and PMI, which is especially significant in the short-run and the three index indicators are important macro-economic indicators for changes in overall economic activity on a macro level.

AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CPI AND PPI: EVIDENCE FROM THE UK, FRANCE AND GERMANY

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (05) ◽  
pp. 1081-1100
Author(s):  
KAI-YIN WOO ◽  
SHU-KAM LEE ◽  
CHO-YIU JOE NG
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
Threshold Autoregressive ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Vector Error Correction Models ◽  
The Cost

This paper examines the dynamic relationship between the consumer price index (CPI) and the producer price index (PPI) in the UK, France and Germany from 1997 to 2013. We employ the momentum-threshold autoregressive (MTAR) cointegration model for empirical analysis. The results show that the CPI and the PPI are cointegrated with bi-directional long-run Granger causality between CPI and PPI, signifying the existence of both demand-pull and the cost-push nature of inflation. The estimates of threshold vector error correction models (TVECMs) indicate asymmetric adjustments to equilibrium, where upward adjustments are statistically significant but downward adjustments are sluggish and insignificant. Moreover, we generate the unconditional half-life estimates as a measure of persistence, which reveal robust evidence of complex non-linearities in the adjustment process. Our overall results provide valuable information for policymakers to formulate inflation-control policies and optimal policy horizons under a non-linear framework.

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