scholarly journals Employing NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 1 in the Determination of Echinococcus granulosus Strain in Sheep, Cattle and Human in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 0238
Author(s):  
Sarmad Awad Mozan AL-Asadi ◽  
Wesam Jasim Hansh ◽  
Abdul-Hussien Habash Awad
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Nad1 Gene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sheep Strain

Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. This disease is an important public health and a significant economic issue in Iraq, where the lungs and livers are the popular places of infection. The aim of the current study focused on using the molecular techniques in the detection of an E. granulosus strain that causes cystic echinococcosis to human, sheep and cattle in Thi-Qar province, Iraq. In the current study, thirty isolates of E. granulosus were collected from 10 human hydatid cysts through surgery done at Al-Hussein Imam Teaching Hospital in Thi-Qar province and 10 sheep with 10 cattle hydatid cysts were obtained from the slaughterhouse in Thi-Qar province, Southern of Iraq to identify strains of E. granulosus which infect human and other intermediate hosts  (sheep and cattle). The molecular study was carried out on the isolates and a specific primer set for the mitochondrial dehydrogenase NADH subunit 1 (NAD1) gene was used. This primer set was amplified 400 bp of the NAD1 gene in all selected isolates. The PCR products for the twelve selected isolates of E. granulosus (4 isolates per intermediate host) were sequenced and the results for these twelve isolates showed that all sequenced isolates, except one isolate Eg_5, belonged to the sheep strain G1 and a slight genetic diversity was observed with the reference sequences of the strain G1. The exception was in the isolate Eg_5 isolated from a cattle liver, which was similar to the buffalo strain G3. This study concludes that the common E. granulosus strain in Thi-Qar province is G1.  

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE INFECTIVE STRAIN OF HYDATID CYST IN IRAQI CATTLE BY USING CO1 GENE

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Muhaidi
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Nucleotide Database ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sheep Strain

Hydatid Cysts were obtained  from liver, lungs, spleen, heart, and peritoneal cavity of 15 cows, from different Iraqi regions  between December 2014 and October 2015. Hydatid cysts (protoscoleces) were used for mitochondrial DNA extraction by using mechanical grinder, and the purification of mtDNA was done by (promega kit, USA). "The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene" was used as target for "polymerase chain reaction (PCR)" which successfully amplified the targeted this gene with 450 bp. The PCR products were purified and partial sequences were determine. The obtained sequences were aligned with the corresponding region of co1 gene in the Gene Bank nucleotide database to confirm the infection with hydatid cyst sheep strain (G1) in Iraq. The amplified CO1 targeted region was analyzed to obtain the  phylogenetic tree. G1 genotype was the most common strain and the actual source of infection of  Iraqi's  cattle. All of 15 samples were G1 strain (sheep strain) according to  the partial sequences of (CO1) genes.

Molecular classification of Echinococcus granulosus strains from livestock animals in Libya

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-470
Author(s):  
MF Wajdii ◽  
M. F. Wajdii ◽  
W Rahman ◽  
W. Rahman ◽  
O Elmajdoub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Final Host ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sheep Strain

This study demonstrates the distribution of various E. granulosus strains in sheep, cattle and camel. The common sheep strain G1 is mainly found in sheep and cattle, but also parasitized camels. In contrast, the camel strain G6 is found mainly in camels and rarely in sheep and cattle. However, the study also revealed the possible presence of cryptic species that are closely related to both genotypes in livestock of Libya as evident by high mutations in several specimens. Based on the occurrence of overlapping hosts of E. granulosus in Libya, more research on the transmission cycles and genotypes of E. granulosus in Libya is required. In addition, it is suggested that surveys on potential intermediate hosts, including in humans with dogs as the major final host in Libya using higher resolution molecular tools such as microsatellite markers is recommended.

Morphological characteristics of Echinococcus granulosus derived from buffalo in Iran

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEYED HOSSEIN HOSSEINI ◽  
ARASH AMIN POUR ◽  
PARVIZ SHAYAN
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
The Common ◽  
Rough Outline ◽  
Sheep Strain

SUMMARYCystic echinococcosis is a significant parasitic disease in Iran, where a variety of animals act as intermediate hosts. In this study, 25 isolates of Echinococcus granulosus obtained from water buffalo from various parts of Iran were characterized on the basis of the morphology of the metacestode and the adult worm. The characteristics of protoscoleces from the different studied areas were nearly similar. They showed 2 rows of alternating large and small hooks and their shapes were smooth in outline. In contrast to the protoscoleces, the adult rostellar hooks showed a rough outline. The results showed that the total length, the blade lengths of the large and small hooks and the number of hooks are almost similar to those isolated from sheep but significantly different from those isolated from camels. The growth rates of adult E. granulosus (total worm length, segmentation and maturation) of buffalo origin, at 35 and 41 days post-infection of dogs, were nearly comparable to the common sheep strain. The form of the strobila and the morphology of the reproductive system were also similar to those of sheep origin. This suggests that the common sheep strain (G1) of E. granulosus may also use buffaloes as its intermediate host.

Observations on the suitability and importance of the domestic intermediate hosts of Echinococcus granulosus in Uttah Pradesh, India

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Irshadullah ◽  
W. A. Nizami ◽  
C. N. L. Macpherson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Cyst Size

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the suitability and importance of buffaloes, camels, sheep, goats and pigs in maintaining the life-cycle of Echinococcus granulosus in Aligarh, India. A total of 565 (36%) of 1556 buffaloes, 20 (2%) of 1208 goats, 5 (1%) of 559 pigs, 6 (6%) of 109 sheep and two of three camels were found to harbour hydatid cysts. The frequency distribution of the hydatid cysts in each intermediate host species was over-dispersed and in buffaloes cyst fertility increased with increasing cyst size. Of 2171, 95 and four buffalo, goat, and camel cysts examined 327 (15%), two (2%) and three cysts respectively were fertile. No pig or sheep cysts were found to contain protoscoleces. The unfenced buffalo abattoir and the large number of dogs allowed access to the abattoir coupled to the number of buffaloes slaughtered in comparison to the other potential hosts, indicates that the buffalo is the most significant host for maintaining the life-cycle of the parasite in this area of India. Applicable control measures for the region are suggested.

Canine echinococcosis: the predominance of immature eggs in adult tapeworms of Echinococcus granulosus in stray dogs from Tunisia

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Iraqi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Adult Tapeworm

AbstractCanine echinococcosis is caused by the adult tapeworm of Echinococcus granulosus. As intermediate hosts, humans and livestock become infected following ingestion of eggs that are passed in the faeces of dogs. Mature eggs develop into hydatid cysts in different organs, leading to hydatid disease, which is a serious public health problem. In the present study, we investigated the proportion of mature eggs of E. granulosus in 140 dogs from three regions of Tunisia. The results showed the predominance of immature E. granulosus eggs in infected dogs and the occurrence of a small proportion of oncospheres. The ability of immature eggs to infect humans and livestock is discussed.

Genetic variation and epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus in Argentina

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. ROSENZVIT ◽  
L.-H. ZHANG ◽  
L. KAMENETZKY ◽  
S. G. CANOVA ◽  
E. A. GUARNERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Cystic Hydatid Disease ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cystic Hydatid ◽  
Sheep Strain

Polymerase chain reaction–ribosomal ITS-1 DNA (rDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) analysis and sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and NADH dehydrogenase 1 (ND1) genes were used to characterize 33 Echinococcus granulosus isolates collected from different regions and hosts in Argentina, and to determine which genotypes occurred in humans with cystic hydatid disease. The results of the study demonstrated the presence of at least 4 distinct genotypes; the common sheep strain (G1) in sheep from Chubut Province and in humans from Río Negro Province, the Tasmanian sheep strain (G2) in sheep and 1 human from Tucumán Province, the pig strain (G7) in pigs from Santa Fe Province and the camel strain (G6) in humans from Río Negro and Buenos Aires Provinces. The finding that pigs harboured the pig strain and the occurrence of the Tasmanian sheep strain has considerable implications for the implementation of hydatid control programmes due to the shorter maturation time of both strains in dogs compared with the common sheep strain. Furthermore, this is the first report of the presence of the G2 and G6 genotypes in humans which may also have important consequences for human health.

The prevalence, intensity and viability of hydatid cysts in slaughtered animals in the Ardabil province of Northwest Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Daryani ◽  
R. Alaei ◽  
R. Arab ◽  
M. Sharif ◽  
M.H. Dehghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Important Intermediate ◽  
Northwest Iran

AbstractIn a cross-sectional study, a total of 5381 slaughtered animals, namely 928 cattle, 243 buffaloes, 3765 sheep and 445 goats were inspected macroscopically for hydatid cysts in northwest Iran, with prevalence values of 38.3%, 11.9%, 74.4% and 20%, respectively, being recorded. Prevalences were higher in females compared with males, but a significant difference (P < 0.001) was only found in sheep and cattle. Most cases which were condemned were seen in the lungs of sheep (13.4%) indicating that sheep are the most important intermediate hosts for Echinococcus granulosus in this area.

Relative expression of the 14-3-3 gene in different morphotypes of cysts of Echinococcus granulosus isolated from the Indian buffalo

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pan ◽  
A.K. Bera ◽  
S. De ◽  
S. Bandyopadhyay ◽  
S.K. Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Predicted Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Germinal Layer ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sheep Strain

AbstractThe metacestode stage of Echinococcus granulosus is of zoonotic importance. In general, the 14-3-3 protein is involved in multiplication and survival of eukaryotes. Therefore, this communication presents succinct information on relative expression of the 14-3-3 protein in six different morphotypes of cysts of E. granulosus. All isolated E. granulosus belonged to the common sheep strain (G1). Relative expression of the 14-3-3 protein was higher in fertile cysts when compared to sterile cysts. The predicted amino acid sequence of the 14-3-3 protein was closely clustered with zeta-type isoforms 1 and 2 of the 14-3-3 protein. In addition, the present study demonstrates the presence of the 14-3-3 protein which until now had not been detected in the germinal layer. Our findings indicate that the expression of this biomolecule in the germinal layer of sterile organisms may contribute to the development and survival of the parasite in the host. The uniform expression of actin II conclusively proves the survivability of the harvested organisms.

scholarly journals Establishing infection with Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst From Bovine origin in dogs

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Nadia,A.Ali , M.Magzob , Elmalik , Khitma,H.
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Faecal Examination ◽  
Successful Transmission ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Worm Recovery

Establishing infection with Echinococcus granulosus had often created a challenge where by the actual role of the different Intermediate hosts could not be precisely determined. This study was consequently planned to examine the efficiency of cattle as intermediate hosts in the transmission of E. granulosus to canine final hosts. A modified procedure was followed where dogs were fed whole viable hydatid cysts as compared to viable protoscoleces obtained from hydatid sand mixed with meat. Successful transmission was attained as indicated by the presence of ova at faecal examination and adult worm recovery at post – mortem examination. The pre-patent period ranged between 30 – 42 days. It was apparent that the non capsulated protoscoleces were defected to the extend that they could not develop to maturity in the dog’s viscera. This modification needs to be applied to verify the efficiency of different intermediate hosts in the transmission cycle of Echinococcosis.

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