Molecular classification of Echinococcus granulosus strains from livestock animals in Libya

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-470
Author(s):  
MF Wajdii ◽  
M. F. Wajdii ◽  
W Rahman ◽  
W. Rahman ◽  
O Elmajdoub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Final Host ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sheep Strain

This study demonstrates the distribution of various E. granulosus strains in sheep, cattle and camel. The common sheep strain G1 is mainly found in sheep and cattle, but also parasitized camels. In contrast, the camel strain G6 is found mainly in camels and rarely in sheep and cattle. However, the study also revealed the possible presence of cryptic species that are closely related to both genotypes in livestock of Libya as evident by high mutations in several specimens. Based on the occurrence of overlapping hosts of E. granulosus in Libya, more research on the transmission cycles and genotypes of E. granulosus in Libya is required. In addition, it is suggested that surveys on potential intermediate hosts, including in humans with dogs as the major final host in Libya using higher resolution molecular tools such as microsatellite markers is recommended.

scholarly journals Employing NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 1 in the Determination of Echinococcus granulosus Strain in Sheep, Cattle and Human in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 0238
Author(s):  
Sarmad Awad Mozan AL-Asadi ◽  
Wesam Jasim Hansh ◽  
Abdul-Hussien Habash Awad
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Nad1 Gene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sheep Strain

Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. This disease is an important public health and a significant economic issue in Iraq, where the lungs and livers are the popular places of infection. The aim of the current study focused on using the molecular techniques in the detection of an E. granulosus strain that causes cystic echinococcosis to human, sheep and cattle in Thi-Qar province, Iraq. In the current study, thirty isolates of E. granulosus were collected from 10 human hydatid cysts through surgery done at Al-Hussein Imam Teaching Hospital in Thi-Qar province and 10 sheep with 10 cattle hydatid cysts were obtained from the slaughterhouse in Thi-Qar province, Southern of Iraq to identify strains of E. granulosus which infect human and other intermediate hosts  (sheep and cattle). The molecular study was carried out on the isolates and a specific primer set for the mitochondrial dehydrogenase NADH subunit 1 (NAD1) gene was used. This primer set was amplified 400 bp of the NAD1 gene in all selected isolates. The PCR products for the twelve selected isolates of E. granulosus (4 isolates per intermediate host) were sequenced and the results for these twelve isolates showed that all sequenced isolates, except one isolate Eg_5, belonged to the sheep strain G1 and a slight genetic diversity was observed with the reference sequences of the strain G1. The exception was in the isolate Eg_5 isolated from a cattle liver, which was similar to the buffalo strain G3. This study concludes that the common E. granulosus strain in Thi-Qar province is G1.  

Morphological characteristics of Echinococcus granulosus derived from buffalo in Iran

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEYED HOSSEIN HOSSEINI ◽  
ARASH AMIN POUR ◽  
PARVIZ SHAYAN
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
The Common ◽  
Rough Outline ◽  
Sheep Strain

SUMMARYCystic echinococcosis is a significant parasitic disease in Iran, where a variety of animals act as intermediate hosts. In this study, 25 isolates of Echinococcus granulosus obtained from water buffalo from various parts of Iran were characterized on the basis of the morphology of the metacestode and the adult worm. The characteristics of protoscoleces from the different studied areas were nearly similar. They showed 2 rows of alternating large and small hooks and their shapes were smooth in outline. In contrast to the protoscoleces, the adult rostellar hooks showed a rough outline. The results showed that the total length, the blade lengths of the large and small hooks and the number of hooks are almost similar to those isolated from sheep but significantly different from those isolated from camels. The growth rates of adult E. granulosus (total worm length, segmentation and maturation) of buffalo origin, at 35 and 41 days post-infection of dogs, were nearly comparable to the common sheep strain. The form of the strobila and the morphology of the reproductive system were also similar to those of sheep origin. This suggests that the common sheep strain (G1) of E. granulosus may also use buffaloes as its intermediate host.

scholarly journals How much, if anything, do we know about sperm chromosomes of Robertsonian translocation carriers?

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (23) ◽  
pp. 4765-4785
Author(s):  
Ewa Wiland ◽  
Marta Olszewska ◽  
Tomasz Woźniak ◽  
Maciej Kurpisz
Keyword(s):  
Robertsonian Translocation ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Robertsonian Translocations ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sperm Chromosomes

Abstract In men with oligozoospermia, Robertsonian translocations (RobTs) are the most common type of autosomal aberrations. The most commonly occurring types are rob(13;14) and rob(14;21), and other types of RobTs are described as ‘rare’ cases. Based on molecular research, all RobTs can be broadly classified into Class 1 and Class 2. Class 1 translocations produce the same breakpoints within their RobT type, but Class 2 translocations are predicted to form during meiosis or mitosis through a variety of mechanisms, resulting in variation in the breakpoint locations. This review seeks to analyse the available data addressing the question of whether the molecular classification of RobTs into Classes 1 and 2 and/or the type of DD/GG/DG symmetry of the involved chromosomes is reflected in the efficiency of spermatogenesis. The lowest frequency value calculated for the rate of alternate segregants was found for rob(13;15) carriers (Class 2, symmetry DD) and the highest for rob(13;21) carriers (Class 2, DG symmetry). The aneuploidy values for the rare RobT (Class 2) and common rob(14;21) (Class 1) groups together exhibited similarities while differing from those for the common rob(13;14) (Class 1) group. Considering the division of RobT carriers into those with normozoospermia and those with oligoasthenozoospermia, it was found that the number of carriers with elevated levels of aneuploidy was unexpectedly quite similar and high (approx. 70%) in the two subgroups. The reason(s) that the same RobT does not always show a similar destructive effect on fertility was also pointed out.

Genetic variation and epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus in Argentina

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. ROSENZVIT ◽  
L.-H. ZHANG ◽  
L. KAMENETZKY ◽  
S. G. CANOVA ◽  
E. A. GUARNERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Cystic Hydatid Disease ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cystic Hydatid ◽  
Sheep Strain

Polymerase chain reaction–ribosomal ITS-1 DNA (rDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) analysis and sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and NADH dehydrogenase 1 (ND1) genes were used to characterize 33 Echinococcus granulosus isolates collected from different regions and hosts in Argentina, and to determine which genotypes occurred in humans with cystic hydatid disease. The results of the study demonstrated the presence of at least 4 distinct genotypes; the common sheep strain (G1) in sheep from Chubut Province and in humans from Río Negro Province, the Tasmanian sheep strain (G2) in sheep and 1 human from Tucumán Province, the pig strain (G7) in pigs from Santa Fe Province and the camel strain (G6) in humans from Río Negro and Buenos Aires Provinces. The finding that pigs harboured the pig strain and the occurrence of the Tasmanian sheep strain has considerable implications for the implementation of hydatid control programmes due to the shorter maturation time of both strains in dogs compared with the common sheep strain. Furthermore, this is the first report of the presence of the G2 and G6 genotypes in humans which may also have important consequences for human health.

Relative expression of the 14-3-3 gene in different morphotypes of cysts of Echinococcus granulosus isolated from the Indian buffalo

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pan ◽  
A.K. Bera ◽  
S. De ◽  
S. Bandyopadhyay ◽  
S.K. Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Predicted Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Germinal Layer ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sheep Strain

AbstractThe metacestode stage of Echinococcus granulosus is of zoonotic importance. In general, the 14-3-3 protein is involved in multiplication and survival of eukaryotes. Therefore, this communication presents succinct information on relative expression of the 14-3-3 protein in six different morphotypes of cysts of E. granulosus. All isolated E. granulosus belonged to the common sheep strain (G1). Relative expression of the 14-3-3 protein was higher in fertile cysts when compared to sterile cysts. The predicted amino acid sequence of the 14-3-3 protein was closely clustered with zeta-type isoforms 1 and 2 of the 14-3-3 protein. In addition, the present study demonstrates the presence of the 14-3-3 protein which until now had not been detected in the germinal layer. Our findings indicate that the expression of this biomolecule in the germinal layer of sterile organisms may contribute to the development and survival of the parasite in the host. The uniform expression of actin II conclusively proves the survivability of the harvested organisms.

scholarly journals Identification of Echinococcus granulosus strains using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism amongst livestock in Moroto district, Uganda

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Chamai ◽  
Leonard Omadang ◽  
Joseph Erume ◽  
Michael Ocaido ◽  
Peter Oba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Common ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sheep Strain ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

A descriptive study was conducted to identify the different strains of Echinococcus granulosus occurring in livestock in Moroto district, Uganda. Echinococcus cysts from 104 domestic animals, including cattle, sheep, goats and camels, were taken and examined by microscopy, polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism and Sanger DNA sequencing. Echinococcus granulosus genotypes or strains were identified through use of Bioinformatics tools: BioEdit, BLAST and MEGA6. The major finding of this study was the existence of a limited number of E. granulosus genotypes from cattle, goats, sheep and camels. The most predominant genotype was G1 (96.05%), corresponding to the common sheep strain. To a limited extent (3.95%), the study revealed the existence of Echinococcus canadensis G6/7 in three (n = 3) of the E. granulosus–positive samples. No other strains of E. granulosus were identified. It was concluded that the common sheep strain of Echinococcus sensu stricto and G6/7 of E. canadensis were responsible for echinococcal disease in Moroto district, Uganda.

Molecular genetic analysis of human cystic hydatid cases from Poland: identification of a new genotypic group (G9) of Echinococcus granulosus

Parasitology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. SCOTT ◽  
J. STEFANIAK ◽  
Z. S. PAWLOWSKI ◽  
D. P. McMANUS
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genotypic Group ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mitochondrial Nd1 ◽  
Cystic Hydatid ◽  
Sheep Strain

We have used nuclear (ribosomal ITS1) and mitochondrial (ND1) sequences to characterize human and pig isolates of Echinococcus granulosus collected by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in Poland. The data indicate clearly that the Polish patients were not infected with the common sheep strain (G1 genotype) of E. granulosus, normally associated with human cystic hydatid infection. Instead, the hydatid parasite infecting the Polish patients shares very similar ND1 sequence with the previously characterized pig (G7) genotype but it also exhibits some clear differences. In particular, E. granulosus DNA from the Polish patients amplified a single ITS1 fragment in PCR and distinct ITS1–RFLP patterns were obtained after restriction digestion. The form of hydatid isolated from the Polish patients appears, therefore, to represent a distinct, previously undescribed genotype (designated G9) of E. granulosus.

Molecular classification of pituitary adenomas

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Pico ◽  
Laura Sanchez-Tejada ◽  
Ruth Sanchez-Ortiga ◽  
Rosa Camara ◽  
Cristina Lamas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Molecular Classification

Philosophcal review of h. white̕s tropological theory in the context of the new philosophy of history

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (152) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
S. M. Geiko ◽  
◽  
O. D. Lauta
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Text Organization ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Actual Material ◽  
The Common ◽  
Historical Nature ◽  
Selection Of

The article provides a philosophical analysis of the tropological theory of the history of H. White. The researcher claims that history is a specific kind of literature, and the historical works is the connection of a certain set of research and narrative operations. The first type of operation answers the question of why the event happened this way and not the other. The second operation is the social description, the narrative of events, the intellectual act of organizing the actual material. According to H. White, this is where the set of ideas and preferences of the researcher begin to work, mainly of a literary and historical nature. Explanations are the main mechanism that becomes the common thread of the narrative. The are implemented through using plot (romantic, satire, comic and tragic) and trope systems – the main stylistic forms of text organization (metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, irony). The latter decisively influenced for result of the work historians. Historiographical style follows the tropological model, the selection of which is determined by the historian’s individual language practice. When the choice is made, the imagination is ready to create a narrative. Therefore, the historical understanding, according to H. White, can only be tropological. H. White proposes a new methodology for historical research. During the discourse, adequate speech is created to analyze historical phenomena, which the philosopher defines as prefigurative tropological movement. This is how history is revealed through the art of anthropology. Thus, H. White’s tropical history theory offers modern science f meaningful and metatheoretically significant. The structure of concepts on which the classification of historiographical styles can be based and the predictive function of philosophy regarding historical knowledge can be refined.

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