Response of Intertidal Foraminiferal Assemblages to Salinity Changes in a Laboratory Culture Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-329
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Yanli Lei ◽  
Tiegang Li ◽  
Shuaishuai Dong
Keyword(s):  
High Salinity ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Test Size ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Fisher’S Alpha ◽  
Foraminiferal Test

Abstract This study explored the response to salinity of intertidal foraminiferal assemblages from the Yellow Sea by culturing them for 100 days at six constant salinity levels (17, 22, 27, 32, 37, and 42 psu) in laboratory microcosms with four replicates each. A total of 7,471 live (stained) foraminiferal specimens were obtained and analyzed. The diversity parameters of foraminiferal assemblages (species richness, Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index, and Fisher's alpha) declined significantly when the salinity was increased or decreased from the field value, but foraminiferal abundance was highly resistant to salinity. In addition, salinity exerted different effects on foraminifera from different orders. Specifically, the proportion of species from Order Miliolida significantly increased whereas that of species from Order Rotaliida decreased with increasing salinity. High salinity-tolerant species Ammonia aomoriensis, Cribrononion gnythosuturatum, Ammonia tepida, and Quinqueloculina seminula could fill unoccupied ecological niches when the proportion of salinity-sensitive species has declined. Furthermore, our morphometric results showed that foraminiferal test size was significantly negatively correlated with salinity, and numerous abnormal specimens appeared in foraminiferal assemblages when salinity deviated from the field value. Our study revealed that intertidal foraminiferal assemblages had high adaptability at different salinities because of the existence of high salinity-tolerant dominant species. In addition, salinity variation can significantly alter foraminiferal morphology in test size and abnormality.

scholarly journals The Mineral Composition of Date Palm Fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) under Low to High Salinity Irrigation

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7361
Author(s):  
Rania Dghaim ◽  
Zied Hammami ◽  
Rola Al Ghali ◽  
Linda Smail ◽  
Dalia Haroun
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Palm Fruits

Adaptability to salinity varies between different varieties of date palm trees. This research aims to explore the long-term impact of different salinity irrigation levels on the mineral content of 13 date palm varieties grown in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Date varieties were grown using three irrigation water salinity levels of 5, 10 and 15 dS m−1. The mineral composition (B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P and Zn) of date palm fruits was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). High salinity levels showed no effect on the mineral content of Ajwat AlMadinah, Naghal, Barhi, Shagri, Abu Maan, Jabri, Sukkari and Rothan varieties. All date varieties remained good sources of dietary potassium, magnesium, manganese and boron even at high salinity levels. Increased salinity had no effect on the percent Daily Value (%DV) categories of most of the analyzed minerals. While no genotypes showed a general adaptation to different saline environments, Barhi, Ajwat Al Madinah, Khinizi, Maktoumi and Shagri varieties were more stable towards salinity variation. In the UAE, the genotype x saline-environment interaction was found to be high which makes it impossible to attribute the variation in mineral content to a single varietal or salinity effect.

Performance Evaluation of a Novel Hydrophobic Membrane Used in a Desalination System: A Comparison between Static and Moving Configurations

2020 ◽  
Vol 865 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Darem Ahmad ◽  
Roy Presswell ◽  
Hussam Jouhara
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Hydrophobic Membrane ◽  
System A ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Wild Life

Water scarcity is growing and in particularly in regions where population is high. It is estimated by world wild life organization that two thirds of human population may face water shortage by 2025. However, the amount of water available on earth covers approximately two thirds of the total surface area, but most of the water is seawater. Seawater cannot be used for any human use due to the high salinity levels. Desalination processes have been implemented on various scales whereby reverse osmosis is the most successful. However, such system is too complex and expensive. An alternative system utilizing humidification-dehumidification process for desalination is proposed in this paper. The process involves the use of a novel hydrophobic membrane allowing the humidification. Two configurations have been tested in a closed loop cycle, namely: static and moving membrane. The results from the experiments have shown that the efficiency of the moving membrane configuration is higher than the static by 46%. And based on 1 Litre brine feed, 50% of the volume has been successfully desalinated.

scholarly journals Planktic Foraminiferal Test Size and Weight Response to the Late Pliocene Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Todd ◽  
D. N. Schmidt ◽  
M. M. Robinson ◽  
S. De Schepper
Keyword(s):  
Test Size ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
Foraminiferal Test

scholarly journals Closing Yield Gaps through Soil Improvement for Maize Production in Coastal Saline Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jishi Zhang ◽  
Xilong Jiang ◽  
Yanfang Xue ◽  
Zongxin Li ◽  
Botao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Coastal Saline Soil ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Yield Gaps

As efforts to close crop production yield gaps increase, the need has emerged to identify cost-effective strategies to reduce yield losses through soil improvement. Maize (Zea mays L.) production in coastal saline soil is limited by high salinity and high pH, and a limited number of soil amendment options are available. We performed a field experiment in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the ability of combined flue gas desulfurization gypsum and furfural residue application (CA) to reduce the maize yield gap and improve soil properties. We carried out the same amendment treatments (CA and no amendment as a control) under moderate (electrical conductivity (EC1:1) ≈ 4 dS m−1) and high (EC1:1 ≈ 6 dS m−1) salinity levels. Averaged over all salinity levels and years, maize yields increased from 32.6% of yield potential in the control to 44.2% with the CA treatments. Post-harvest CA treatment increased the calcium (Ca2+) and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents while decreasing the sodium (Na+) content and pH in the upper soil layer. Corresponding nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium accumulations in maize were significantly increased, and Na accumulation was decreased in the CA group compared with the control. The economic return associated with CA treatment increased by 215 $ ha−1 at the high salinity level compared with the control, but decreased at the moderate salinity level because of the minor increase in yield. The results of this study provide insight into the reduction of yield gaps by addressing soil constraints.

Arbuscular mycorrhizas enhance nutrient uptake in different wheat genotypes at high salinity levels under field and greenhouse conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 334 (7) ◽  
pp. 564-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baran Mardukhi ◽  
Farhad Rejali ◽  
Gudarz Daei ◽  
Mohammad Reza Ardakani ◽  
Mohammad Javad Malakouti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Salinity Levels

scholarly journals Mahameru Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivar, High Salinity Tolerant

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Juwarno Juwarno ◽  
Tata Brata Suparjana ◽  
Muachiroh Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Soybean Plants

Mahameru cultivar is high salinity tolerant cultivar. The previous study result showed Mahameru cultivar could tolerate 140mM NaCl, but Cilacap Coast salinity levels often reaching 200mM NaCl. A research of salinity stress on Mahameru cultivar at 200 mM NaCl have not conducted yet. Therefore to conduct the research of Mahameru at high salinity stress to obtained high salinity tolerant soybean cultivar.   The observed variables are anatomy (epidermis thickness, the density of stomata and trichomes, palisade thickness) physiology (the dry weight of roots and canopy, the content of chlorophyll a and b) Production (whole pod, total filled pod, total empty pod, weight per one-hundred beans). The salinity treatment was 0, 50,100, 150, 200 mM NaCl given at three days before planting and twenty-one days after planting. The data of anatomy and physiology was taken at forty-five days after planting. The production data was taken when soybean plants turned brown. The result indicates that salinity affects anatomy characteristic of leaf, higher the salinity increasing epidermis thickness and the density of stomata and trichomes. Salinity affected the content of chlorophyll a and b. Higher the salinity increased the content of chlorophyll a and b. Salinity did not affect soybean production. Based on this study Mahameru cultivar is resistant to salinity up to 200 mM NaCl. The benefit of this research help to enhance national soybean production with utilization coastal land for soybean planting Mahameru cultivar.         

scholarly journals Test the Development in Salt Tolerance in Two Selected Genotypes of Wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Salah M. Hassan ◽  
Majeed D. M. ◽  
Abdo-Wehab M. Whaeb ◽  
Suad M. Majeed ◽  
Ibrahim I. H. Al-Mashhadani
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Plant Breeder ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Genetic Development ◽  
High Salinity Level

The genetic development for salt tolerance in wheat is very important approach for the plant breeder to overcome salinity problem. Estimation of salt tolerance by two selected genotypes of wheat (4H, N5) was conducted in plastic house as compared with the local cultivars Tamoz 2 to know the development that happened in salt tolerance in these genotypes through the plant breeding programs. The experiment was conducted in pots using four salinity levels (2, 5, 10, 15)ds/m. The experimental design was RCBD with three blocks. Results indicated that both selected genotypes were significantly superior in all measured characters to check cultivar at all salinity levels. There were differences between the two selected genotypes in different traits, but not significant especially at high salinity levels. At these salinity levels, the selected genotypes had more growth in shoots and roots. The differences between the two selected genotypes and the check cultivar in all characters increased in high salinity level. In conclusion, there were genetically improvements with aspect to salt tolerance achieved in selected genotypes through breeding and improvement programs.

scholarly journals Survival of Pseudomonas extremorientalis TSAU20 and P. chlororaphis TSAU13 in the rhizosphere of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) under saline conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Egamberdieva
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Saline Condition ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Salinity Levels

The abilities of Pseudomonas extremorientalis TSAU20 and P. chlororaphis TSAU13 to colonise and survive in the rhizosphere of common bean under saline conditions were studied. Four salinity levels (5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5 dS/m) were maintained in the gnotobiotic system using NaCl salt. Results showed that with increasing salt content root-tip colonization of both bacterial strains was reduced. Both bacterial treatments used in the study increased root and/or shoot length compared to non-treated plants at each NaCl concentration tested, whereas shoot growth was not stimulated at high saline condition (12.5 dS/m). In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that P. extremorientalis TSAU20 and P. chlororaphis TSAU 13 have the ability to survive in ecologically stressed conditions, such as saline and nitrogen deficient soils, and may positively effect on plant growth of bean. High salinity inhibited their colonisation in the rhizosphere of bean and thus their stimulatory effect on plants was also reduced.

scholarly journals Insights through Genetics of Halophilic Microorganisms and Their Viruses

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Rafael Montalvo-Rodríguez ◽  
Julie A. Maupin-Furlow
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Gene Expression And Regulation ◽  
Halophilic Microorganisms ◽  
High Salt Content ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Advance Knowledge

Halophilic microorganisms are found in all domains of life and thrive in hypersaline (high salt content) environments. These unusual microbes have been a subject of study for many years due to their interesting properties and physiology. Study of the genetics of halophilic microorganisms (from gene expression and regulation to genomics) has provided understanding into mechanisms of how life can occur at high salinity levels. Here we highlight recent studies that advance knowledge of biological function through study of the genetics of halophilic microorganisms and their viruses.

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