Gender and contituity on alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use among young people / Genero y continuidad en el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y cannabis en jóvenes

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Muñoz-Rivas ◽  
José Manuel Andreu ◽  
Patricia Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
High Level

En el presente trabajo se analiza el consumo de alcohol en sus diversas formas (cerveza, vino, licores y combinados), tabaco y cannabis en una amplia muestra de 4.034 jóvenes de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 18 años pertenecientes a la Comunidad de Madrid. Se confirma un elevado uso habitual de todas las sustancias de análisis siendo los varones los que consumencerveza en mayor porcentaje que las mujeres y son éstas las que realizan un consumo mucho más mayoritario de otras, como el tabaco. Para el total de la muestra de estudio, la edad de comienzo en el consumo se sitúa alrededor de 13-14 años en ambos sexos a excepción del uso habitual del vino y cannabis en el que las mujeres se incorporan más tarde que los varones. Finalmente, se analiza la continuidad en el consumo una vez iniciado éste y se comprueba nuevamente el poder adictivo de las sustancias analizadas puesto que el porcentaje de consumidore habituales en ambos sexos se incrementa significativamente con la edad. AbstractThis work analyzes the consumption of alcohol in its diverse forms(beer, wine, liquor, and cocktails), tobacco, and cannabis in a large sample of 4,034 youths of both sexes, ages between 14 and 18 years old, from the Community of Madrid. The high level of habitual use of all the substances analyzed was confirmed, with a higher percentage of men consuming beer than women, and womenconsuming much more of other substances, such as tobacco, than men. For the entire sample, the initiation age of substance use was around 13-14 years old in both sexes, except for the regular use of wine and cannabis, in which the women started later than the men. Lastly, once initiated, consumption continuity was analyzed and once again the addictive power of the substances analyzed was confirmed, as the percentage of habitual consumers in both sexes increased significantly with age.

scholarly journals A qualitative exploration of young people’s experiences of attempted suicide in the context of alcohol and substance use

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256915
Author(s):  
Rebecca Guest ◽  
Alex Copello ◽  
Maria Michail
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Young People ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Hearing Voices ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Qualitative Exploration ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to explore young people’s experiences of the role and the processes underpinning the use of alcohol and/or other substances in attempts to end their life. Seven young people, aged 16–25 years old, were interviewed using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse these interviews and develop an understanding of how young people understand their attempted suicide in the context of alcohol and/or other substance use. The analysis identified four superordinate themes reflecting young people’s experiences across the seven interviews. Superordinate themes included: i) The complexity of relationships; ii) The double-edged sword of alcohol and substance use; iii) The straw that broke the camel’s back; and iv) Reflecting on the on-going processes of recovery. The results of this study highlight the complex and multifaceted functions of the consumption of alcohol, and other drugs, in the experiences of young people attempting suicide. Young people described a number of inter and intrapersonal factors which impact upon their suicidal experiences including suicidal ideation and attempts. Participants reported using alcohol and substances as methods of coping with distress, low mood, hearing voices, anxiety and mania. However they also reflected on the impact that this has on their own suicidal ideation and attempts.

scholarly journals A Web-Based Program for Cannabis Use and Psychotic Experiences in Young People (Keep It Real): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/15803 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e15803
Author(s):  
Leanne Hides ◽  
Amanda Baker ◽  
Melissa Norberg ◽  
Jan Copeland ◽  
Catherine Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Young People ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Past

Background Young Australians (16-25 years) have the highest rates of past-month cannabis use in the world. Cannabis use increases the risk of alcohol and other drug disorders and depressive disorders, and has a robust dose-response association with psychotic experiences (PEs) and disorders. PEs are subthreshold positive psychotic symptoms, including delusions and hallucinations, which increase the risk of substance use, depressive or anxiety disorders, and psychotic disorders. Access to effective web-based early interventions targeting both cannabis use and PEs could reduce such risk in young people. Objective The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the Keep it Real web-based program compared to an information-only control website among young cannabis users (16-25 years) with PEs. Methods Participants are recruited online, and consenting individuals meeting inclusion criteria (aged 16-25 years, who have used cannabis in the past month and experienced PEs in the past 3 months) are automatically randomized to either the Keep it Real web-based program (n=249) or an information-only control website (n=249). Both websites are self-guided (fully automated). The baseline and follow-up assessments at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months are self-completed online. Primary outcome measures are weekly cannabis use, PEs, and the relative cost-effectiveness for quality-adjusted life years. Secondary outcomes include other substance use and related problems, PE-related distress, cannabis intoxication experiences, severity of cannabis dependence, depression/anxiety symptoms, suicidality, and mental well-being and functioning. Results Recruitment commenced in February 2019, and the results are expected to be submitted for publication in mid-2021. Conclusions This study protocol describes a large randomized controlled trial of a new web-based program for young cannabis users experiencing PEs. If effective, the accessibility and scalability of Keep it Real could help reduce growing public health concerns about the significant social, economic, and health impacts of cannabis use. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001107213; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=374800 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/15803

scholarly journals Assessing the impacts of daily Cannabis versus alcohol and methamphetamines on young Australians in youth AOD treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy C. Reichelt ◽  
James C. Collett ◽  
Ora Landmann ◽  
Karen T. Hallam
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
System A ◽  
The Social ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Usage Rates

Abstract Background Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance by Australian young people, including those engaged with youth alcohol and other drug (AOD) systems. While recreational cannabis use in young people may be a developmental activity for some, for others, this usage becomes regular and be associated with poorer long term outcomes. This study reports on the rates of cannabis use and co-existing psychosocial complexity factors in the Youth Needs Census (2013 and 2016) where workers report on all clients in the youth AOD system, a cohort considered highly vulnerable. Methods Data was examined for two rounds of data collection for the Youth Needs Census, including 823 youth AOD service engaged young people in 2016 and 1000 AOD service engaged young people in 2013, to identify usage rates, psychosocial outcomes, and changes over time. Results Daily use of cannabis alone significantly exceeded daily usage rates for methamphetamines, alcohol, and cannabis used alongside other substances. Daily cannabis use was significantly associated with mental health problems, employment problems, education problems, family problems, and housing problems. Daily cannabis use was associated with most psychosocial complexity factors to the same extent as daily methamphetamine use and daily alcohol use, with daily cannabis users only showing lower incidence of the drug-related harm measure. Notably, daily cannabis use also increased from 2013 (47.5%) to 2016 (54.2%). Conclusions It is imperative that the number of individuals using cannabis is considered alongside the severity of harm when assessing the social impact of this substance. Within cannabis users engaged with the youth AOD system, who often have high levels of psychosocial complexity, cannabis is used daily by a large proportion of these youths and may play a role in negatively impacting their lives.

scholarly journals A Web-Based Program for Cannabis Use and Psychotic Experiences in Young People (Keep It Real): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Hides ◽  
Amanda Baker ◽  
Melissa Norberg ◽  
Jan Copeland ◽  
Catherine Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Young People ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Past

BACKGROUND Young Australians (16-25 years) have the highest rates of past-month cannabis use in the world. Cannabis use increases the risk of alcohol and other drug disorders and depressive disorders, and has a robust dose-response association with psychotic experiences (PEs) and disorders. PEs are subthreshold positive psychotic symptoms, including delusions and hallucinations, which increase the risk of substance use, depressive or anxiety disorders, and psychotic disorders. Access to effective web-based early interventions targeting both cannabis use and PEs could reduce such risk in young people. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the <i>Keep it Real</i> web-based program compared to an information-only control website among young cannabis users (16-25 years) with PEs. METHODS Participants are recruited online, and consenting individuals meeting inclusion criteria (aged 16-25 years, who have used cannabis in the past month and experienced PEs in the past 3 months) are automatically randomized to either the <i>Keep it Real</i> web-based program (n=249) or an information-only control website (n=249). Both websites are self-guided (fully automated). The baseline and follow-up assessments at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months are self-completed online. Primary outcome measures are weekly cannabis use, PEs, and the relative cost-effectiveness for quality-adjusted life years. Secondary outcomes include other substance use and related problems, PE-related distress, cannabis intoxication experiences, severity of cannabis dependence, depression/anxiety symptoms, suicidality, and mental well-being and functioning. RESULTS Recruitment commenced in February 2019, and the results are expected to be submitted for publication in mid-2021. CONCLUSIONS This study protocol describes a large randomized controlled trial of a new web-based program for young cannabis users experiencing PEs. If effective, the accessibility and scalability of <i>Keep it Real</i> could help reduce growing public health concerns about the significant social, economic, and health impacts of cannabis use. CLINICALTRIAL Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001107213; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=374800 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/15803

Exploring a causal model in observational cohort data: The role of parents and peers in shaping substance use trajectories

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Greenwood ◽  
George Joseph Youssef ◽  
Primrose Letcher ◽  
Elizabeth Spry ◽  
Lauryn Hagg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Adolescent Relationships ◽  
Cohort Data ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Peer Affiliations ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Adolescent Relationship

Aims: To explore the process of applying counterfactual thinking in examining causal predictors of substance use trajectories in observational cohort data. Specifically, we examine the extent to which quality of the parent-adolescent relationship and affiliations with deviant peers are causally related to trajectories of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use across adolescence and into young adulthood. Methods: Data were drawn from the Australian Temperament Project, a population-based cohort study that has followed a sample of young Australians from infancy to adulthood since 1983. Parent-adolescent relationship quality and deviant peer affiliations were assessed at age 13-14 years. Latent curve models were fitted for past month alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use (n = 1,590) from age 15-16 to 27-28 years (5 waves). Confounding factors were selected in line with the counterfactual framework. Results: Following confounder adjustment, higher quality parent-adolescent relationships were associated with lower baseline cannabis use, but not alcohol or tobacco use trajectories. In contrast, affiliations with deviant peers were associated with higher baseline binge drinking, tobacco, and cannabis use, and an earlier peak in the cannabis use trajectory. Conclusions: Confounding adjustments weakened several estimated associations and the interpretation of such associations as causal is not without limitations. Nevertheless, findings suggested causal effects of both parent-adolescent relationships and deviant peer affiliations on the trajectory of substance use. Causal effects were however more pervasive (i.e., more substance types) and protracted for deviant peer affiliations. The current study encourages the exploration of causal relationships in observational cohort data, when relevant limitations are transparently acknowledged.

Suicidality and Treatment Experience Among Young People Who Inject Drugs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ellen Mackesy-Amiti ◽  
Lawrence J. Ouellet
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
The Past

Background. We examined correlates of past year suicidal thoughts and behavior (STB) and described past year treatment experiences among young people who inject drugs (PWID). Methods. Participants were 570 adults (18-25 years) who injected primarily heroin. Interviews were conducted at field stations operated by Community Outreach Intervention Projects in Chicago, Illinois (USA). Interviewers administered the Psychiatric Research Instrument for Substance and Mental Disorders. Substance use and mental disorders were based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Past year STB was based on multiple questions. Results. Sixteen percent of men and 25% of women reported STB in the past year. In multivariable analysis, STB was associated with non-heterosexual orientation, foster care, and being raised by two parents. Primary major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, other anxiety disorders, and borderline personality disorder had independent effects on suicidality. Among those reporting past year STB (n=111), 83% ever received mental health treatment, while 44% did so in the past year. While 24% of respondents indicated that at least one treatment matched their needs very well, 30% reported treatment that did not match their needs at all. The most common reason for ending treatment was program completion (about 50%) while getting better was endorsed by about 25%. Nearly half reported ending treatment due to a bad experience, logistical issues, or expense. Conclusions. Young PWID are at high risk for suicidal behavior and their mental health treatment experiences often do not meet their needs. There is a pressing need for more integrated substance use and mental health treatment.

Gender aspects of aggressive behaviour in adolescence

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Ivashinenko ◽  
Elena Burdelova ◽  
Lyubov Ivashinenko
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
Gender Aspects ◽  
High Level

This article presents the results of a study the purpose of which was research of the factors and patterns of aggression in adolescence. Its results are required to find personas, who need preventive work, and features of the system of preventive measures, depending on the structure of the target audience. In 2016 there were 721 respondents who took part in the study, and 1437 in 2019. The method used in this study is the Buss-Durkee test modified by G. V. Rezapkina (BDHI). Results of the study clearly demonstrate that amongst young people there is a high-level spread of severe irritation, especially among young women. Also, the predominance of such components of aggression as negativity and irritation was noted. According to the results, young women more often get irritated than young men, and on the scale of “negativism”, there is no significant differences. Physical aggression was discovered to be more characteristic for young men.

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