scholarly journals HUMAN DUALISM OF ZAKI NAQUIB MAHMUD: Philosophical Arguments of Religious Moderation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-435
Author(s):  
Supriyanto Supriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Conceptual Distinction ◽  
Being Religious

Abstract: Human dualism is a debatable philosophical concept in various schools of philosophy. Through their leading thinkers, Greek philosophy, Western philosophy, and Islamic philosophy have contributed to the debate in the discourse of human dualism. Zaki Naquib Mahmud, an Egyptian rationalist philosopher, opposed the previous philosophers' dichotomous concept of human dualism. This article describes the conceptual correlation of Zaki Naquib Mahmud's dualism with religious moderation. Through a literature review of Zaki Naquib Mahmud's work, the results showed that (1) Zaki tended to reject the dichotomous thought of human dualism; (2) the implication of the rejection was the conceptual distinction between religion, being religious and religious knowledge; and (3) the inclusive awareness of the three concepts could extend a more moderate understanding in strengthening the concept of religious moderation philosophically.الملخص: مازالت الثنائية الفلسفية حول البشرية موضوع نقاش حار لدى المدارس الفلسفية المختلفة. قد ساهمت الفلسفة اليونانية والغربية والاسلامية على ايدي مفكريهم الرائدين اسهامات كبيرة في هذا البحث. قد عارض زكي نجيب محمود ، الفيلسوف العقلاني المصري ، مفهوم الثنائية البشرية الكلاسيكية من الفلاسفة القدماء. يجد هذا المقال العلاقة الفعالة بين ثنائية زكي نجيب محمود ومفهوم الوسطية الدينية. من خلال القراءة لاعمال زكي نجيب محمود نستنتج من هذه الدراسة ما يلي : (1) يميل زكي إلى رفض فكرة الثنائية المقسمة للازدواجية البشرية. (2) يؤدي هذا الرفض من زكي الى التفرقة بين مفهوم الدين والتدين والعلم الديني. (3) ويتولد من الوعي الصحيح بمعاني هذه الثلاثة الاعتدال والتوسط في إدراك المفاهيم الدينية، ويقوي فلسفيًا الوسطية الدينية الاسلامية.Abstrak: Dualisme manusia menjadi konsep filosofis yang terus menjadi bahan perdebatan dalam berbagai aliran filsafat. Filsafat Yunani, Filsafat Barat dan Filsafat Islam turut serta menyumbang perdebatan dan berkontribusi dalam diskursus dualisme manusia melalui para pemikir unggulannya. Zaki Naquib Mahmud, seorang filsuf rasionalis Mesir menentang konsep dualisme manusia yang dikotomis dari para filosof terdahulu. Artikel ini mendeskripsikan korelasi konseptual dualism manusia Zaki Naquib Mahmud dengan moderasi beragama. Melalui kajian kepustakaan terhadap karya Zaki Naquib Mahmud, hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) Zaki cenderung menolak pemikiran dualisme manusia yang dikotomis; (2) implikasi dari penolakan tersebut adalah pembedaan konseptual antara agama, beragama dan ilmu agama; dan (3) kesadaran terhadap pembedaan makna dari ketiga konsep tersebut dapat melahirkan pemahaman yang cenderung moderat karena adanya kesadaran inklusif sehingga memperkuat secara filosofis terkait dengan konsep moderasi beragama.

scholarly journals KONSTRUKSI FILSAFAT ISLAM TERHADAP FILSAFAT YUNANI DAN FILSAFAT BARAT MODERN

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sofuan Jauhari
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Teachers And Students

In the academic world, there is often debate about the influence of Greek philosophy, Islamic philosophy, and modern Western philosophy on each other. Does Islamic philosophy was influenced by Greek philosophy or vice versa? And does modern Western philosophy influenced by Islamic philosophy or vice versa? This paper aims to discuss the contribution of Islamic philosophy to the existence of Greek philosophy and modern Western philosophy. Through the literature review method, this paper finally resulted in the finding that both Greek philosophers, Muslim philosophers, and Modern Western philosophers had both been teachers and students for each other.

On Contents Division of Ancient Greek Philosophy

2018 ◽  
pp. 369-374
Author(s):  
Shaoyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Practical Philosophy ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Speculative Philosophy ◽  
Science Ethics ◽  
Ancient Greek Philosophy ◽  
History Of

The history of Western philosophy usually divides the ancient Greek philosophy into three parts, namely, natural science, ethics, and logic. The author deems that the ancient Greek philosophy should be divided into two categories: speculative philosophy and practical philosophy, for which writings of Plato and Aristotle provide sufficient grounds.

The Body of Western Embodiment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Ancient Greek Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
The Relationship

Much of western philosophy, especially ancient Greek philosophy, addresses the problems posed by embodiment. This chapter argues that to grasp the early history of embodiment is to see the category of the body itself as historically emergent. Bruno Snell argued that Homer lacked a concept of the body (sōma), but it is the emergence of body in the fifth century BCE rather than the appearance of mind or soul that is most consequential for the shape of ancient dualisms. The body takes shape in Hippocratic medical writing as largely hidden and unconscious interior space governed by impersonal forces. But Plato’s corpus demonstrates that while Plato’s reputation as a somatophobe is well grounded and may arise in part from the way the body takes shape in medical and other physiological writing, the Dialogues represent a more complex position on the relationship between body and soul than Plato’s reputation suggests.

scholarly journals AL-QUR’AN SEBAGAI SUMBER TEKSTUAL FILSAFAT ISLAM

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Wardani Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Ancient Greek Philosophy

This article is intended to argue against those who say that the Islamic philosophy is really nothing more than thetrue ancient Greek philosophy that has been “repacked” by Islam, and to prove that Islamic philosophy, whilebeing as a result of historical process of its adopting of Greek philosophy, is to large extent the own Muslimthinkers’ thoughts by “adapting” that philosophical tradition with Islamic doctrine. As the result, they havesought to compromise between rational and revealed truth. Therefore, it sees that Islamic philosophy is a attemptto interpret the Qur’an in the light of reason. By this way of argumentation, the author wishes to say that thebalanced view of the origin of Islamic philosophy, e.g. between the historical and textual roots or betweeninfluence and originality, must be recognized, so that we will have a holistic understanding of the existence ofthis philosophical tradition in Islam.

scholarly journals Filsafat Islam: Antara Duplikasi dan Kreasi

ULUMUNA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Abdullah Sattar
Keyword(s):  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Freedom Of Thought

Many muslim leaders deal with philosophy, and became a philosopher. Unfortunately, many Orientalists deny their ability to philosophize. Tenneman and Renan is of the orientalists who deny, at least question, the ability of muslim philosophical thinker. There are three reasons they stretcher; first, the Qur'an negates the freedom of thought, secondly, the character of Arabs who can not philosophize; and third, the Arabs are a Semitic which belong to races that have low reasoning power. Meanwhile, another orientalist believes that Islamic philosophy is Islamicised Greek philosophy. This paper tries to elaborate muslim thinkers to address concerns with an intense orientalists on the ability and independence of muslim thinkers in the philosophical. They show that the muslim philosopher is not merely duplicate the philosophy that has been established previously, but its main source of creativity itself through the Qur'an.

Narrative of Amor Fati: Meditations on Life and Death

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1206-1212
Author(s):  
David Lee Carlson ◽  
Timothy Wells
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Narrative Inquiry ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Life And Death

The purpose of this article is to consider a philosophical concept in terms of narrative inquiry. In this instance, the authors explore the Nietzschean concept of Amor Fati and explore what it means to construct narratives based on this concept. The authors provide a detailed literature review of Narrative Inquiry and align their work with the post qualitative narratives, specifically new materialism based on the work of Rosi Braidotti. The article concludes with suggestions about the nature of the tensions between life and death as well as how to fashion a life in spite of the ever-pervasive specter of death.

“My Thoughts Are (Not) Your Thoughts.” Transposed Second-Order Thinking in the Hebrew Bible

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaco Gericke
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Religious Language ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Twilight Zone ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ways Of Thinking

Following 19th-century distinctions between Hellenism and Hebraism, many popular 20th-century histories of Western philosophy assigned the intellectual world of the Hebrew Bible to a twilight zone between late mythological and early philosophical ways of thinking. Partly in response to this, research in Semitic languages during that time began to include comparative-linguistic arguments hoping to demonstrate radical structural incommensurability between Hebrew and Greek ways of thinking. In the latest trend in the associated research, a multi-disciplinary dialogue has been initiated on the subject of “second-order thinking” within the ancient Near East “before” or “outside” Greek philosophy. In this article, the author aims to contribute to the ongoing discussion by suggesting that Biblical Hebrew as religious language already presupposes an intricate variety of transposed second-order thinking.

Ikhwan al-Safa’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Richard Netton
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Actual Knowledge ◽  
Final Goal ◽  
History Of ◽  
Good Living

The philosophy of the group of Arab philosophers of the fourth or fifth century AH (tenth or eleventh century ad) known as the Ikhwan al-Safa’ (Brethren of Purity) is a curious but fascinating mixture of the Qur’anic, the Aristotelian and the Neoplatonic. The group wrote fifty-two epistles, which are encyclopedic in range, covering matters as diverse as arithmetic, theology, magic and embryology. Their numerology owes a debt to Pythagoras, their metaphysics are Aristotelian and Neoplatonic and they incorporate also a few Platonic notions into their philosophy. The latter, however, is more than a mere synthesis of elements from Greek philosophy, for it is underpinned by a considerable Qur’anic substratum. There are profound links between the epistemology and the soteriology (doctrine of salvation) of the Ikhwan, and it would not be an exaggeration to say that the former feeds the latter. In the history of Islamic philosophy the Ikhwan illustrate a group where the Aristotelian and the Neoplatonic clash head-on and where no attempt is made to reconcile competing and contradictory notions of God, whom the Epistles treat in both Qur’anic and Neoplatonic fashion. The final goal of the Ikhwan is salvation; their Brotherhood is the ship of that salvation, and they foster a spirit of asceticism and good living accompanied by ‘actual knowledge’ as aids to that longed-for salvation.

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