Human rights and children’s rights in worldview education in Finland

In this article we examine the profiling of human rights and children’s rights in religious education (RE) and its secular alternative in Finland. We use the term ‘worldview education’ to describe the combination of these subjects. We analyse what kinds of human rights and ethical issues are raised in Finnish worldview education. One specific focus is the explicit mention of human rights and children’s rights in the worldview education section of the Finnish national core curriculum (2014). We conclude that the curriculum gives plenty of space to human rights and children’s rights, and that this enables one to conceive of human rights as being an overarching ethical perspective in worldview education. Nevertheless, we indicate that the organisation of worldview education in Finland has some problems when it comes to the realisation of children’s freedom of thought, conscience, and religion.

Article 14: The Right to Freedom of Thought, Conscience, and Religion

Abstract‘There would be places of worship and religious texts from a variety of religions in each municipality.’ (Western Europe/Other)

LIBERAL THINKING IN SALAF PESANTREN, IS IT POSSIBLE? (FREEDOM OF THOUGHT THE SANTRI MA’HAD ALY SUKOREJO, SITUBONDO)

The existence of Ma’had ‘Aly is an exciting thing and brings a narrative of controversy. Since being legalised in 2002, Ma’had ‘Aly has transformed into a modern Islamic educational institution under the auspices of a traditional Salaf pesantren. This article aims to explain Ma’had ‘Aly as an Islamic educational institution that specifically (takhaṣṣuṣ) produces fiqh experts and supports freedom of thought in exploring Islamic law. The research method uses a qualitative approach by studying documents extracted from the history of Ma’had ‘Aly, the takhaṣṣuṣ curriculum, and the Tanwirul Afkar (TA) bulletin. The results reveal the integration of the Ma’had ‘Aly curriculum, which is combined with the general curriculum and contemporary scriptures. Second, the controversy over TA as a forum for students to manifest their competence as fuqaha on various developing issues. Some of the controversial issues decided by TA were allowing interfaith marriages, allowing non-Muslim Indonesian President elections, and similarities between Islam and Christianity in relations and history. Some realities above show that Islamic liberal thought has emerged in salaf pesantren through Ma’had ‘Aly. The contribution of this research provides novelty that apparently Ma’had ‘Aly is trying to show that the door of ijtihād in the excavation of Islamic jurisprudence is still wide open.

TRANSLATION MOVEMENT REASONS AND RESULTS ‎‎

There is no doubt that after the conquest, the Arabs faced new problems in various aspects of ‎life and thought, which no longer benefited with the simple methods that they were proficient ‎in, but imposed on them new methods that must be learned and worked on, and that the ‎driving force that made Arabs interested in science comes from the Holy Qur’an and the ‎hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH) Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) who urges to seek ‎knowledge, and to convert Arabs from a tribal society into an urban society, and civilization ‎necessitates the necessity of seeking knowledge, and the only way for this is to transfer ‎science to their language through translation, and what the historians agree on is that thanks to ‎Al-Mansour, Al-Rasheed and Al-Ma'moon, translation has flourished and that To secure them ‎Freedom of thought and its expression, then by their gifts and the attractive salaries with ‎which scholars singled out them, then sending them the scientific expeditions to the country ‎of Rome to carry books and scientific and philosophical manuscripts to the House of Wisdom, ‎to be translated and explained by the most famous translators, and some princes, along with ‎the caliphs, assisted and encouraged the translation movement, that They made money to get ‎the manuscripts and made money for the translators and took care of their pension‎‎. Keywords: Translation, Translation Motives, Direct Mixing, Results of The Translati Movement

Constitutional versions of articulation of the freedom of speech in the constitutions of the countries of South America

  This article analyzes the constitutions of South American countries for determining the constitutional formats of guaranteeing the freedom of expression. The goal of this research lies in systematization of the variants of constitutional articulation of the freedom of speech, determination of the constitutional approaches towards formalization of the freedom of speech and the “watershed” between them. Research methodology leans on the general scientific techniques and methods of scientific cognition: formal-legal, linguistic-legal and comparative-legal methods for examining the constitutional texts of South American countries, regulation and articulation of the conceptual versions of the freedom of expression reflected therein. The scientific novelty is defined by the absence within the constitutional-legal science of comprehensive research on articulation of the freedom of speech in the constitutions of the countries of South America. The main conclusions are as follows: the examined constitutional texts contain provisions that have grounds to be interpreted in relation to the freedom of speech; most common constitutional versions imply the freedom of expression of idea, the freedom of thought and opinion, and the freedom of opinion. It is determined that the freedom of expression of ideas, thoughts, and opinions in the constitutional texts is articulated equally through both, right and freedom. The authors also indicate the “watershed” between thought, opinion, and idea.  

Kontribusi KH. Mustofa Bisri Terhadap Pengembangan Pemikiran Hukum Islam di Indonesia

This article is about muslim religious of teacher thoughts. Mustofa Bisri on the development of Islamic law and his new thoughts on legal issues that he answered. Other important contributions given by muslim religious of teacher Mustofa Bisri is his attitude in issuing fatwas that is not bound by a particular madhhab. This attitude becomes important in the midst of encouraging the development of Islamic legal thought which requires freedom of thought and is not tied to a particular madhhab. Of course the freedom of thought is muslim religious of teacher version. Mustofa Bisri is a freedom that is measured and framed in the maqasid al-shar'iyyah which is the purpose of the revelation of Islamic shari'ah the implication is a fact that there is a gap between the nass-nass of law that is very limited and the issues of life that are not limited. To provide a solution to the gap that exists today, the Qur'an and al-H} adith as a source of complete Islamic teachings in the sense of the basic principles of law with its various aspects must be understood with the methods of ijtihad with emphasis on the maqasid ash -shari'ah.

The Lacuna of Hermeneutics: Notes on the Freedom of Thought

In this article I argue not only for the value of hermeneutics today but also, and especially, how the crucial gesture of hermeneutics is that of changing the subject for the sake of our today. Surveying briefly the main lines of hermeneutical positions along its history and critiques, and connecting these critiques to the discrepancy between theory and practice, between interpretation and the need to change the world, the article proposes that our reality today, reshaped through globalization and the virtual, is performed as a hermeneutics of history. The challenge for today’s hermeneutics is to work out categories for understanding the present as on-going in a world that tends to capture and distort more and more the meaning of freedom of thought. In the final section, I propose a hermeneutics of the on-going, of gerundive time, partially under the inspiration of Paul Celan, as a response that develops the meaning of the freedom of thought. A defense of nearness and how to think in narrow nearness to the on-going is discussed.

Freedom of thought and freedom of expression. Jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights

La Convention européenne des droits de l'homme, au présent, l'instrument le plus efficace de protection des droits de l'homme fait preuve d'une ,,flexibilité” sans précédent par rapport aux autres traités internationaux. Les dispositions de la Convention permettent l’encadrement d'événements découlant des réalités des relations interpersonnelles plus de 70 ans après l'adoption du texte juridique. Un aspect intéressant, dans ce contexte, que révèle la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme est le lien entre la liberté de pensée et la liberté d'expression

Arizona Thoracic Society Supports Mandatory Vaccination of Healthcare Workers

No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. I watched much of the past year and a half of the COVID-19 pandemic in horror listening to the TV pundits and politicians argue against wearing masks, receiving vaccinations, and in general, undermining the safety and freedoms of all Americans. Nothing is done to regulate commentator or politician disinformation under the excuse that these pundits have the right of free speech as a fundamental liberty. Fundamental liberties are freedoms the population is entitled to fully enjoy without government intrusion. Nevertheless, the proper exercise of these liberties, taken in conjunction with the need for public order, national security, the preservation of moral values, as well as respect for the rights of one’s fellowman—all of this necessarily entails that some restrictions be placed upon these liberties (1). Only the freedom of thought, conscience and opinion are subject to no real restriction. Each and every person is free to think what he …