scholarly journals SIMBOL DAKWAH KULTURAL WALI SONGO DALAM KITAB TARIKH AL-AULIYA’ KARYA KH. BISRI MUSTHOFA DAN KONTEKTUALISASINYA DALAM AKTIVITAS DAKWAH SAAT INI

Kodifikasia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-234
Author(s):  
Fata Asyrofi Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Research Questions

Di antara permasalahan yang melatar belakangi penelitian ini adalah adanya aktivitas dakwah di Indonesia yang berisi provokasi dan juga ujaran kebencian yang ditujukan kepada seseorang atau kelompok tertentu yang tidak jarang akhirnya menjadikan konflik internal diantara umat Islam sendiri. Maka dari itu dalam penelitian ini akan diungkapkan tentang strategi dakwah kultural walisongo di Nusantara yang terbukti efektif dalam penyebaran Islam di Nusantara. Pada penelitian ini yang dijadikan objek penelitian adalah kitab Tarikh Al-Auliya’ karya KH. Bisri Musthofa dan fokus membahas tentang strategi dakwah kultural walisongo dalam perspektif teori interaksionalisme simbolik. Terdapat dua rumusan masalah yang akan dipecahkan dalam penelitian ini; pertama, apa saja simbol dakwah kultural walisongo dalam kitab Tarikh Al-Auliya’?. Kedua, bagaimana kontekstualisasi simbol dakwah kultural walisongo dalam kitab Tarikh Al-Auliya’ dalam aktivitas dakwah saat ini?. Dari kedua rumusan masalah tersebut maka kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu, pertama, simbol dakwah kultural walisongo dalam kitab Tarikh Al-Auliya’ adalah simbol pernikahan dan simbol pesantren. Sedangkan kontekstualisasi simbol dakwah tersebut saat ini masih relevan digunakan dalam aktifitas berdakwah, terbukti dengan adanya perkawinan endogamous antara keluarga kyai yang bisa dijumpai di berbagai pesantren saat ini. Sedangkan simbol pesantren juga sampai saat ini relevan digunakan sebagai strategi dakwah kultural, dimana terbukti semakin berkembangnya lembaga pesantren di Indonesia dengan berbagai bentuknya. [The problem underlying this research is the existence of da'wah activities in Indonesia, which contain provocation and hate speech aimed at a certain person or group. It often ends up causing internal conflict among Muslims. Therefore, this research reveals the walisongo cultural da'wah strategy in Nusantara, which has proven effective in Islam's spread. In this study, the research object is the book of Tarikh Al-Auliya' written by Bisri Musthofa. It focuses on discussing walisongo cultural da'wah strategies from the perspective of symbolic interactionalism theory. There are two research questions in this study. First, what are the walisongo cultural da'wah symbols in Tarikh Al-Auliya' book? Second, how is the contextualization of the walisongo cultural da'wah symbol in Tarikh Al-Auliya' book in current preaching activities? From the research problems, formulations, the conclusions are drawn as follows. First, the symbol of the walisongo cultural da'wah in Tarikh Al-Auliya' book symbolizes marriage and a symbol of pesantren. Moreover, the da'wah symbol contextualization is currently still relevant for use in preaching activities, as evidenced by the existence of endogamous marriages between kyai families that can be found in various pesantren today. Meanwhile, pesantren's symbol is also relevant to be used as a cultural da'wah strategy, which is evident in the growing development of pesantren in Indonesia in various forms.]

Hate Speech as an Indicator for the State of the Society

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Svenja Schäfer ◽  
Michael Sülflow ◽  
Liane Reiners
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
User Comments ◽  
Research Questions

Abstract. Previous research indicates that user comments serve as exemplars and thus have an effect on perceived public opinion. Moreover, they also shape the attitudes of their readers. However, studies almost exclusively focus on controversial issues if they explore the consequences of user comments for attitudes and perceived public opinion. The current study wants to find out if hate speech attacking social groups due to characteristics such as religion or sexual orientation also has an effect on the way people think about these groups and how they think society perceives them. Moreover, we also investigated the effects of hate speech on prejudiced attitudes. To explore the hypotheses and research questions, we preregistered and conducted a 3 × 2 experimental study varying the amount of hate speech (none/few/many hateful comments) and the group that was attacked (Muslims/homosexuals). Results show no effects of the amount of hate speech on perceived public opinion for both groups. However, if homosexuals are attacked, hate speech negatively affects perceived social cohesion. Moreover, for both groups, we find interaction effects between preexisting attitudes and hate speech for discriminating demands. This indicates that hate speech can increase polarization in society.

scholarly journals Online or Offline Services for Urban Neighbourhoods?

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-67
Author(s):  
Lukasz Damurski ◽  
Jacek Pluta ◽  
Jerzy Ładysz ◽  
Magdalena Mayer-Wydra
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Central Places ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Urban Neighbourhoods ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Strong Competition

Services originally developed as natural concentrations of human activity, reflecting the Christallerian hierarchy of central places. Today, those natural mechanisms are challenged by strong competition from online facilities. More and more services are offered by the internet and this affects the traditional ‘bricks-and-mortar' urban development. In this article, the main research problems of the inter-relatedness of real and virtual environments are defined in the context of urban neighbourhood service centres. The process of conversion from offline services into online ones is treated as a canvas for building a comprehensive research model for studying the development of the contemporary urban services sector in the local scale. Particular research questions and hypotheses are formulated and followed by a set of methods for further empirical research.

Conditions of the Russian Federation’s Strategic Culture and Its Impact on Russia’s Foreign Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (35) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Stanisław Zarobny ◽  
Agnieszka Sałek-Imińska
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Strategic Culture ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Cultural Domination ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact

Over the last thirty years, the importance and interest in cultural factors in international relations and in international security has increased. The links between culture and security, and in particular the impact of culture on security, are issues whose importance is growing and which are being increasingly studied. They are regarded as a multifaceted problem, as cultural differences have become the cause of conflicts and wars, and tendencies of cultural domination have led to the destruction of cultures and entire civilizations. It therefore seems interesting to reflect on the process of developing an independent strategic culture of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is to discuss the process of shaping the independent strategic culture of the Russian Federation and to address four basic research problems: the sources of Russian strategic culture; the indication which of them are primary and which are secondary ones; determining whether Russian strategic culture underwent evolution; and determining whether then Cold War influenced the shape of today’s strategic culture of the Russian Federation. To achieve the intended purpose of the article, critical analysis of literature is applied, which allowed to find answers to the research questions.

scholarly journals Introduction: Labour in Transport: Histories from the Global South (Africa, Asia, and Latin America), c.1750 to 1950

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (S22) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bellucci ◽  
Larissa Rosa Corrêa ◽  
Jan-Georg Deutsch ◽  
Chitra Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Global South ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Imperial Expansion ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
Agrarian Societies

AbstractThis introduction highlights the main subjects and research questions addressed in the articles making up this Special Issue on the labour histories of transport in the Global South. Although historiographical interest in the history of transport labour is growing, scientific knowledge on the subject is still very limited. This is especially true for histories from outside Europe and North America. Important topics and research problems covered here are: (1) transport labour as facilitating the exchange and mobility of goods but also of peoples and ideas – as such transport constitutes a noteworthy element of social history; (2) transport labour as a factor of production which is relevant for industrial and agrarian societies, as well as for market-driven and socialist economies; (3) the extent to which the processes of globalization, imperial expansion, and the emergence of global capitalism owe a debt to transport labour of the global south and its micro-histories.

scholarly journals Periphrases in Spanish: properties, diagnostics and research questions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-82
Author(s):  
Antonio Fábregas
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Main Structure ◽  
Selectional Restrictions ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Auxiliary Verb ◽  
Linking Element

This article provides an overview of the main facts and analytical problems that relate to verbal periphrases. The article is structured as follows. In §1 I provide an overview of the main criteria for being a periphrasis, and the constructions that it should be differentiated from. §2 is devoted to the nature of the auxiliary verb, and its limits with other types of verbs. In §3 I talk about the auxiliated verb, and the linking element that sometimes appears in connection to it. §4 briefly discusses the main structure of a periphrasis, and is followed by a few sections about the syntactic behaviour of these linguistic objects. §5 discusses the behaviour of clitics within periphrases; §6 talks about the selectional restrictions; §7 talks about the behaviour of passives with these structures. §8 discusses the semantic classification of periphrases and some of the research problems that they trigger. §9 talks about sequences of periphrases, and their additional restrictions.

scholarly journals Zarządzanie mediami społecznościowymi w kontekście realizacji projektów społecznych skierowanych przeciw mowie nienawiści na przykładzie projektu Grażyna Żarko. Katolicki głos w Internecie

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Anna Lusińska
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Media Content Analysis ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Common ◽  
Research Questions

Social media management in the context of social projects against hate speech on the example of the project Grażyna Żarko. Catholic voice on the Internet Argument/objective: In view of the growing negative phenomenon of hate speech in the social media, targeted informational and educational activities in the public sphere seem important and necessary, for the common good and in the common interest, as a reminder of respect for the other person and respect for his or her rights. The aim of the article is to identify and analyse the selected project in terms of the occurrence, spread and scale of the hate speech phenomenon in social media and to try to evaluate this type of communication. Research methods, research questions: The text uses methods such as case study, desk research and media content analysis. The following research questions were posed: how does the broadly understood civil society, and in principle its representatives, try to oppose hate speech? For what purpose are social projects against hate speech created and implemented? Do social projects against hate speech show the scale of this phenomenon, its horror and immorality? What image of Poles, including Polish Internet users (and in the case of a selected YouTube project) emerges from them? and how do they exchange views on the subject and what conclusions do they draw from this? Results and conclusions: Research has shown that when modern society, which is largely civic, starts to rebel against injustice, lack of respect for others, or socially unacceptable behaviour, including hate speech, it reaches for tools of opposition, among others. Projects such as these are born in this way: Incubator of Ideas, #StopMowieNienawiści, or the title one, analysed: Grażyna Żarko. Catholic Voice on the Internet. This non-commercial, over two months long project, and at the same time a media, Internet provocation carried out in the form of a Polish vlog, showed not only the enormous scale of the problem of “verbal violence”of Polish Internet users on the example of YouTube, but also the lack of preventive actions and responsibility, or rather criminal consequences, for example, incurred for this type of conduct. Cognitive value: The article is part of the discussion on the way and quality of communication of Polish society, with particular emphasis on hate speech, through new media.

scholarly journals Orcs Lives Matter: Representation of African Americans in Bright Film

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Shafira Ayuningtyas ◽  
Pita Merdeka
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Police Brutality ◽  
American System ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
American Society ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

Exploring the way Orcs are portrayed in the Bright film are the focus of this research and futher analyzing the ideology within. This research uses the qualitative research method to help answering the research questions on how Orcs are represented in Bright and how representations reflect the ideology of the text. Additionally, Hall’s representation and ideology theories are applied in the process to provide an insight into the research problems. The research found that Orcs in Bright are constructed in a very like ways as African Americans as they are portrayed as the designated bad guys, targets for animalization and victims of police brutality which match the image of African Americans in American society. These portrayals of Orcs leads to the discussion of Orcs’ poor social standing in society in comparison to other races in the film and in result reflects the ideology the text tries to convey that is black inferiority, as shown by the way the American system and society treated them. Overall, this research can be used as a reference for researches on representation of African Americans and racial allegories in literature.

scholarly journals School Change Management: A Multi-frame Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Eman I AHMED
Keyword(s):  
Change Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
School Change ◽  
School Leaders ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Managing Change ◽  
Mixed Method Design ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Principals Perceptions

The purpose of the present paper is to examine how the school leaders frame their own experiences of managing change within the school system. The mixed method design was used to answer the research questions and understand the research problems. Both the qualitative and the quantitative data were used to identify the frames orienting school leaders to manage change within the school setting. The obtained data showed that the participants employed most of the frames (structural, political, human resource, and symbolic) in managing school change. The data revealed that the human resource frame appeared universal in most of the cases. Understanding principals’ perceptions of change management can help practitioners as well as academics to work more efficiently and address the needs of the school leaders.

scholarly journals EXISTENCE OF THE DISTINCTION PRINCIPLE AS A PROTECTION FOR THE VICTIMS OF ARMED CONFLICT; THE IMPLICATIONS ON RENEWAL OF THE NATIONAL LAW

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danial .
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Research Questions

This study intent to analyze the existence of the distinction principle in international humanitarian law can provide effective protection against combatants and civilians in a modern armed conflict and contribute to the protection of victims of internal conflicts in Indonesia. It is very important to find the concept of the protection of victims of internal conflict in Indonesia. This research uses a normative, and the research also applies a descriptive-analytical approach to examine and analyze the research questions of the thesis. In doing so, this research uses a secondary data, these legal materials are subsequently analyzed using a qualitative juridical approach. The results showed that the existence of distinction principle at the level of concepts and implementations provide less effective protection against combatants and civilians in modern armed conflict. And the contribution of distinction principle to the protection of victims of internal conflicts in Indonesia is able to strengthen the concept of “sishankamrata” and national legislation. Keywords: armed conflict, distinction principle, protection of victim.

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