A Cognitive Linguistic Approach to Life Metaphor in Tetralogy Laskar Pelangi

This study aims at finding the use of life metaphors in tetralogy Laskar Pelangi (hereinafter TLP). Data were analyzed in the framework of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) by using a descriptive qualitative approach. We found 21 life metaphors in TLP and the finding shows that the conceptual metaphor of life as a target domain is mapped into several diverse source domains, and they are: life is a fluid in a container, life is a journey, life is a living organism, life is a precious possession, life is dedication to others, life is a struggle,life is guidance, life is war, and life is hard work. It can be concluded that TLP is rich with the use of metaphors in describing the cultural events of the Malays in detail. The way how the Malay master the problems in their lives, how they see and understand the world, is made clear by their language, which is reflected in conceptual metaphors. The results of this research support the idea that metaphors are not just rhetorical devices to say something more stylistically but they are conceptual in nature and its existence can be different in each culture.

The Study of Mosque Management in Indonesia and Spain: Majority and Minority Muslim Factors

This article aims to analyze and compare the management of mosques between two countries; Indonesia, where Muslims are the majority population, and Spain where Muslims are the minority. The research question is summed upon how the Muslims respond to the mosque management in two countries, Indonesia and Spain. Constructed by both research methods, qualitative and quantitative, this article lists mosques in urban areas both in Indonesia and Spain and analyzes several aspects related to mosque management. The number of questionnaires distributed was 100 to Indonesian Muslim communities in Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi), and 100 Muslims in the City of Madrid and Sevilla, in Spain. The study found high scores for mosque management in urban Indonesia related to the community's satisfaction with the mosque services either in the social field (as the power of civil society) or in the main service fields (worship/da'wa). Meanwhile, the score for managing mosques in Spain is low. This fact is related to the issue of better access to resources: economic, socio-cultural, and political mosques in Indonesia as they are the majority population. On the other hand, Spanish Muslims often face various obstacles in building mosques, one of them being tied up with the issue of Islamophobia. In conclusion, Mosque management in Indonesia seems better than in Spain both in social services and in worship/da'wah.

Representation of the Self and Other in Joe Biden's Democratic National Convention Speech

This paper discusses the analysis of positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation in Joe Biden’s speech in Democratic National Convention on 20 August 2020. This research utilizes van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), in which the main analysis is related to social power abuse and inequality in the social and political context. The main purpose of this research is to find out how language contributes to build both positive and negative representation in the speech. However, the research will only focus on the micro-level approach which consists of macrostructure, microstructure, and superstructure analyses. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method since it involves data interpretation in describing the representation. The result of the analysis shows that Biden as the Self has a positive representation; on the other hand, Trump as the Other has a negative representation. Both negative and positive representation are formed through various tools. Through this analysis, it is hoped that people can be more critical in absorbing the information given by political figures.

Multilingualism in Sunan Ampel Tomb Complex: A Linguistic Landscape Study

The present study focuses on the languages operating on the written signage that contribute directly to theformation of the linguistic landscape. The study chose Sunan Ampel Tomb in Surabaya, Indonesia, as one ofthe sites that has become a heritage conservation due to the history hidden in the site. This site is a part of the other sites in a series leading to the history of nine saints (Wali Songo) who brought Islam to Indonesia through one of the islands, Java. The study aimed at describing the linguistic landscape of the site to help learn about the languages operating on the signage found in Sunan Ampel Tomb complex and the hidden history leading to multilingual multilingualism in the area. By using a direct observation and interview to gather the data,the study informs that the sites are typically dominated with Indonesian language operating in monolingualsignage. Despite a few in number, the multilingual signage can still be found to depict several languages including English, Arabic, and Indonesian language. The domination of Bahasa Indonesian demonstrates the implementation of policy for using the language as the national language. While English and Arabic are used for the business purpose. The study also discovers the characteristics of the language displaying on the signage from the size of the fonts. In conclusion, linguistic landscape in Sunan Ampel Tomb describes the history of how the saint brought Islam to the society. Arabic artifacts stereotyping Islam existence can hardly be found here, and it becomes a proof the saint taught Islam without trying to change the already existing customs, cultures, and languages as well.

Islamic Book and Islam in Indonesia: a Historical Perspective

Alongside the advance of Islamic reformism in the early twentieth century, one central element to pay attention is the rise of printed media, Islamic book, which enhanced the shaping of the reformist Muslims. Written in Malay with Rumi script, the books with Islamic substance first appeared as part of Islamic reform movement. Nearly all the authors were the leading activists of reformist organizations. This trend continued to develop, leading the books to emerge as an important pillar in the formation of Islamic intellectual discourses. This study focuses on the historical study of the Islamic books development and progression, with strong emphasis given to the ideas behind their rising in the courses of Indonesian history. Based on the classical theory of discourse of Michel Foucault, as well as the one of post-linguistic turn historiography, this article demonstrates, in reference to the three time periods which each presented a specific mode of intellectual thinking, the growing importance of Islamic books in the making of print-based religious life, which paved the way for the strengthening of socio-religious plurality in modern Indonesia. Firstly, Islamic Book as the voice of Islamic reform, secondly, Islamic Books in 1950s-1960s, and lastly, Islamic Books in contemporary Indonesia.

Chinese Culture in the Cirebon Sultanate: Symbolic and Philosophical Meanings

This paper aims to explore the symbolic and philosophical meaning of the elements of Chinese culture in the Kasepuhan Palace, Cirebon. In this palace, there are many Chinese cultural ornaments that adorn this historical site. One of them is the Siti Inggil building, where there are walls pasted with Chinese ceramics. The primary data of this paper were obtained from the field by means of observation, documentation, and direct interviews. Data analysis used descriptive qualitative and semiotic methods with archaeological, anthropological, and socio-historical approaches. This article confirms that the Chinese ornaments in the Cirebon Sultanate prove the process of cultural acculturation between Chinese culture and Cirebon culture. In Chinese tradition, the dragon is a symbol of the Chinese emperor. while the image of the Phoenix bird is a symbol of the female emperor, peace and prosperity, and the image of the fish is a symbol of darkness and luxury.

Orcs Lives Matter: Representation of African Americans in Bright Film

Exploring the way Orcs are portrayed in the Bright film are the focus of this research and futher analyzing the ideology within. This research uses the qualitative research method to help answering the research questions on how Orcs are represented in Bright and how representations reflect the ideology of the text. Additionally, Hall’s representation and ideology theories are applied in the process to provide an insight into the research problems. The research found that Orcs in Bright are constructed in a very like ways as African Americans as they are portrayed as the designated bad guys, targets for animalization and victims of police brutality which match the image of African Americans in American society. These portrayals of Orcs leads to the discussion of Orcs’ poor social standing in society in comparison to other races in the film and in result reflects the ideology the text tries to convey that is black inferiority, as shown by the way the American system and society treated them. Overall, this research can be used as a reference for researches on representation of African Americans and racial allegories in literature.

‘Awâmil Numuww al-Uṣȗliyyah wa at-Taṭarruf wa Istimrâriyyatuhumâ fī Afganistân

الملخص التطرف العنیف الناتج عن الاصولیة يعد واحدًا من أكثر الظواهر تهديدًا لقد تغير السلام في العالم، كما تغيرت أي ظاهرة أخرى في المجتمعات البشرية.الأصولية والتطرف ليس فريدًا بالنسبة للعالم الإسلامي بل يمكن ملاحظته في الأديان الأخرى. ولکن في غضون ذلك، العديد من الطوائف الدينية في العالم الإسلامي في فترة ما بعد الأحداث المعروفة باسم "الربيع العربي"، من أجل الحصول على السلطة وتنفيذ نموذج الحكم الذي يريدون وتشكيل المجتمع الإسلامي المطلوب على أساس تفسيرهم للآيات القرآنية وأحاديث الرسول صلي الله علیه وسلم، بدأت في تجديد قواتها وبدء صراعات عسكرية ومدنية في كثير من الأراضي الإسلامية. أن التطرف ظاهرة عالمية وتاريخية تمت محاربتها بوسائل متعددة، حيث أن جميع الديانات والرسالات السماوية، والفلسفات والنظريات الاجتماعية، تدين التطرف. وتعدّه من أعقد المشكلات والعقبات التي تواجه تقدم البشرية؛ لما تخلّفه من نتائج كارثية، على المستوى الإنساني ّ والحضاري، والتي نتج عنه صدامات وصراعات دموية لم تنته أثارها حتى الآن؛ مما تسبب بالتعاسة للبشرية، وكان على رأسها التطّرف والتعصب والعنف والعدوان. اتبعت فی هذا البحث المنهج التاريخي الوصفي والتحليلي مع استخدام مصادر مكتبية موثوقة التي تهدف تعريف الأصولية والتطرف، ونشأتهما وتحديد عواملهما وأسباب النمو واستمرار هما وإيجاد طرق لمنع التطرف واستمراره في أفغانستان. أظهرت نتائج هذه الدراسة أن الأزمات الداخلية والسياسية والاقتصادية والثقافية والاجتماعية وغزو الثقافة الغربية من جهة، وتدخل وكالات الاستخبارات الإقليمية والدولية مثل ISI وغيرها ووجود قوات الناتو اوامریکا من جهة أخرى، عوامل في نمو واستمرارية التطرف والأصولية في أفغانستان

Reflective Versus Normative Thinking: Habitus Study on American and Indonesian Graduation Speech

Graduation and the future are closely related. Graduation is the end of education and the beginning of the future. The ways to perceive these two things might vary due to the influence of cultural backgrounds. This study compares Indonesian and American graduates’ perceptions about graduation and the future by looking at the verbal expressions used in their graduation speeches. Ten speeches by Indonesian graduates and ten speeches by American graduates were selected as data sources. The verbal expression data analysis combines linguistic theory (metaphor) and Bourdieu’s social theory of Cultural Capital and Habitus. The results show that Indonesian and American graduates share nearly the same perceptions about graduation and the future; however, they have different expressions due to different cultural capital and habitus. American graduates express their perceptions reflectively, while Indonesian graduates do it normatively. It is concluded that American graduates’ speeches reflect society’s intellectuality expectations while Indonesian graduates’ speeches reflect expectations for mannership

The Dynamics of Meranao Political Participation in Southern Philippines: An Analysis Using Milbrath’s Hierarchy of Political Involvement

The study analyzes the dynamics of political participation of the largest Muslim ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines – the Meranao. Using Milbrath’s hierarchy of political involvement, the researcher examines the nature of Meranaos’ political processes and the role played by demographic and socioeconomic factors including gender, place of origin, age, income, education, and occupation on the nature of their political participation. The study adopted quantitative approach whereby survey method is the primary technique during the collection of data. There were 315 respondents who took part in the five-month survey period in the two districts of the province of Lanao del Sur in Southern Philippines. The research question is summed up on how do Meranaos participate in Philippine politics vis-a-vis Milbrath’s Hierarchy of Political Involvement, and how do social stratification in the Meranao society influence their political participation. The study found that the nature of Meranaos’ political participation is not up to democratic setup as they are confined only to spectatorial level, while rarely participating in transitional and gladiatorial levels. In the same manner, there were no significant impacts of demographic and socioeconomic factors on political participation. The effects were only found in individual formative items at a lesser extent. The study recommends the massive information drive on the status and significant roles of political institutions in the Meranao society in order to entice higher political participation. Extension of this study to other Muslim ethnolinguistic groups and communities in the Philippines is essential.