scholarly journals Planning for innovation: improving organizational performance = Planeación para la innovación: mejorando el desempeño organizacional

Author(s):  
Rodrigo Zarate Torres

RESUMEN:El presente documento está fundamentado en la teoría cognitiva social, que de acuerdo a Bandura (1986) dicha teoría presta especial atención a la interacción basada en una reciprocidad tríadica, la cual se refiere al comportamiento, aspectos personales y las influencias del ambiente o clima organizacional. Estos tres factores interactúan entre sí para determinar la forma en que la gente se va a comportar. La teoría se inserta en las organizaciones para que al crear el ambiente adecuado, ayudar a los empleados con su comportamiento y sus aspectos personales, los mismos empleados se comportarán de la manera que espera la organización para alcanzar las metas propuestas y así mejorar el desempeño organizacional.Este artículo presenta cuatro componentes el ambiente adecuado, incluyendo maneras de ayudar a los empleados con sus aspectos personales y comportamientos. Todos los componentes están basados en diferentes teorías y han sido conjugados para mejorar el desempeño organizacional.Puede ser una organización nueva o ya en funcionamiento, pero cuando el líder crea el ambiente adecuado, los empleados pueden desempeñarse mas eficientemente. El caso de las organizaciones nacientes, tienen la gran oportunidad de nacer con el ambiente adecuado permitiendo a los empleados ser eficientes desde el principio.ABSTRACT:This document is based on the social cognitive theory. According to Bandura (1986), “social cognitive theory favors a conception of interaction based on triadic reciprocality”. The triadic Bandura refers to is the behavior, personal factors, and environment influences. These three factors interact to each other to determine the way people will behave. This theory is brought to organizations to say that creating the right environment and helping employees with their behaviors and personal factors, they will behave the way the organizations wants to achieve the desired goals and to improve organizational performance.This document presents four components to create the right environment including ways to help the employees with their personal factors and behaviors. All the components are framed by different theories and putting together to improve organizational performance.It can be a new organization or an old organization but, when the leader creates the right environment, people can perform efficiently. New organizations have the great opportunity to start right since the beginning, creating the environment to allow people to innovate from the beginning.RESUMÉÉ:Ce document se base sur la théorie cognitive sociale qui, selon Bandura (1986), « favorise une conception de l’interaction basée sur la réciprocité triadique. » Pour Bandura le triadique désigne le comportement, les facteurs personnels, et les influences de l’environnement. Ces trois facteurs interagissent les uns aux autres et déterminent les façons dont les personnes se comportent. Cette théorie amène les organisations à créer un environnement propice et aide les employés dans leurs comportements personnels. Ces derniers devront se comporter de la façon dont les organisations le souhaitent pour atteindre les objectifs désirés et améliorer ainsi le rendement de l’entreprise. Ce document présente quatre composantes pour créer un environnement propice, y compris les moyens d’aider les employés dans leurs relations interpersonnelles et leurs comportements. Toutes les composantes sont encadrées par différentes théories et mises en commun pour améliorer la performance organisationnelle. Ce peut être une nouvelle organisation ou un organisme plus ancien mais, lorsque les responsables créent un environnement propice, les personnes peuvent accomplir efficacement leurs taches. Les nouvelles organisations ont la grande opportunité de bien commencer dès le départ en créant un environnement favorable permettant aux personnes d’être rapidement innovantes.

Author(s):  
Marion Reindl ◽  
Burkhard Gniewosz ◽  
Markus Dresel

Abstract Based on the social cognitive theory and the emotional contagion theory, this study investigated if friends influence (reinforce or change) the development of academic values (intrinsic value, emotional cost) and if this process differs across same-sex friendship dyads. We drew on data collected in a two-wave longitudinal study in Germany. The final sample was based on 264 stable reciprocated friendship dyads of grades 5 and 7 (148 female dyads and 116 male dyads). Results of actor-partner-interdependence models indicated that friends reinforce each other regarding the intrinsic value and initiate change regarding the emotional cost. Moreover, female and male friendship dyads did not differ in the strength of influence on academic values. Results were discussed in terms of selection and socialization effects regarding friendships.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Badillo-Camacho ◽  
S Torres-Castro ◽  
MF Bernal-Orozco ◽  
NM Torres-Carrillo ◽  
M Altamirano-Martínez ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Eating habits and physical activity are important factors for the development and prevention of non-communicable diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyse the beliefs, behaviours, and experiences of dietary and physical activity habits based on the constructs of the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). Methods: An exploratory study with a qualitative methodology and a phenomenological study design was conducted using focus groups, in-depth interviews, and indirect non-participatory observation. The sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed with prior written informed consent. Data analysis was performed using a hybrid approach.Results: Workers reported that they do not eat vegetables or fruits daily; however, the consumption of fast food and sugary drinks was frequent. Participants’ behaviour is influenced by environmental factors such as reinforcements (economic bonus and company meetups & events), barriers (workplace policies) and facilitators (availability of drinking water, free tortillas , dining rooms, and recreational areas); and personal factors, such as low self-control when when choosing foods from the grains group (e.g. Mexican pastries, noodles and breads), and emotional confrontation (e.g. few workers try to use strategies to confront their emotions and avoid them from affecting their eating and physical activity). On the other hand, participants indicated not feeling capable of eating specific foods due to their taste, for example vegetables, and doing physical activity due to factors such as time. Finally, other key elements influencing workers’ behaviours were observational learning (participants eating behaviour and physical activity are influenced by their coworkers and family’s behaviours), social support (coworkers and family) and outcome expectations (participants’ hoping to improve their health by eating healthy and physical activity behaviours).Conclusions: Workers’s eating behaviour and physical activity could be modified if different influencing factors are simultaneously addressed. These findings will contribute to the development of worksite health programs, based on the SCT, to address the key factors that could improve workers’ eating behaviours and physical activity. Keywords: Eating habits, physical activity, adults, workers, workplace programs, qualitative research, Social Cognitive Theory.


2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1233-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Rankin ◽  
Sharron Kuznesof ◽  
Lynn J Frewer ◽  
Karen Orr ◽  
Jenny Davison ◽  
...  

Social Cognitive Theory has been used to explain findings derived from focus group discussions ( N = 4) held in the United Kingdom with the aim of informing best practice in personalised nutrition. Positive expectancies included weight loss and negative expectancies surrounded on-line security. Monitoring and feedback were crucial to goal setting and progress. Coaching by the service provider, family and friends was deemed important for self-efficacy. Paying for personalised nutrition symbolised commitment to behaviour change. The social context of eating, however, was perceived a problem and should be considered when designing personalised diets. Social Cognitive Theory could provide an effective framework through which to deliver personalised nutrition.


2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey J. Burnett ◽  
Theresa M. Enyeart Smith ◽  
Maria T. Wessel

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