A Compositional Simulator for Performing Large Field Studies in a Vector Computing Environment

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Harper ◽  
R.F. Heinemann ◽  
M.B. Ray ◽  
P.E. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
Compositional Simulator ◽  
Vector Computing

An Improved Method for Marking Crayfish

Crustaceana ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Pacifastacus Leniusculus ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Field Sample ◽  
One Year ◽  
Remarkable Reduction

AbstractAn improved method of marking crayfish by refinement of punching holes in uropods and telson and clipping pleura was developed. The method, with at least 10 800 codes, provides an economical and practical approach to temporarily mark and individually identify crayfish, and is particularly useful for marking a large field sample. The method was tested by marking Pacifastacus leniusculus both in laboratory and river. The marks on the crayfish, ranging from 30 to 75 mm carapace length (CL), from the river lasted more than one year (or 2-3 moults). The table of 10 800 codes, in which most reliable codes are also indicated, is given to facilitate further application. The method is suitable for field studies on population size, density and dispersal or migration of animals as no significant effects on the survival of marked crayfish of >30 mm CL were found. However, care must be taken if the method is applied to estimate growth because a remarkable reduction (~20%) in the moult increment of CL after marking treatment was observed in crayfish, ranging from 33.4 to 46.6 mm CL, under laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Use of Accelerometers in a Large Field-Based Study of Children: Protocols, Design Issues, and Effects on Precision

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (s1) ◽  
pp. S98-S111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calum Mattocks ◽  
Andy Ness ◽  
Sam Leary ◽  
Kate Tilling ◽  
Steven N. Blair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Physical Activity Measurement ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Improve Accuracy ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

Background:Objective methods can improve accuracy of physical activity measurement in field studies but uncertainties remain about their use.Methods:Children age 11 years from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), were asked to wear a uni-axial accelerometer (MTI Actigraph) for 7 days.Results:Of 7159 children who attended for assessment, 5595 (78%) provided valid measures. The reliability coefficient for 3 days of recording was .7 and the power to detect a difference of 0.07 SDs (P ≤ .05) was > 90%. Measures tended to be higher on the first day of recording (17 counts/min; 95% CI, 10–24) and if children wore the monitor for fewer days, but these differences were small. The children who provided valid measures of activity were different from those who did not, but the differences were modest.Conclusion:Objective measures of physical activity can be incorporated into large longitudinal studies of children.

The Vector Computing Cloud: Toward a Vector Meta-Computing Environment

2010 ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Ryusuke Egawa ◽  
Manabu Higashida ◽  
Yoshitomo Murata ◽  
Hiroaki Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Computing Environment ◽  
Vector Computing

Assessing the Impact of Political Involvement on the Reliability and Validity of Virtualized Real-time-response Measurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Waldvogel ◽  
Thomas Metz ◽  
Uwe Wagschal ◽  
Bernd Becker ◽  
Linus Feiten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Time Response ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Political Involvement ◽  
Response Measurement ◽  
The Impact

Abstract How does political involvement impact on data quality of virtualized Real-Time-Response (RTR) Measurement? The article addresses this issue, drawing on a large field study (n = 5660) conducted during the 2017 German general election campaign. Since it is unclear how heterogeneous characteristics of individuals influence data quality of RTR-Measurement from audiences surveyed outside the lab, we assess the impact of political involvement on the reliability and validity of virtualized real-time-response data. We show that political involvement shapes reliability and validity systematically but to a degree that does not compromise established standards of data quality. Thus, we conclude that virtualized RTR outside the laboratory with limited means of control is an appropriate method to survey heterogeneous samples in large N-field studies and therefore offers new paths of data collection.

Large Field Studies of Hospital Based Services: Lessons from Occupational Therapy

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-218
Author(s):  
Brenda Ryan ◽  
Barbara J. O'shea ◽  
Elizabeth Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Therapy Services

A study with a quasi-experimental design was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of hospital-based occupational therapy services in Nova Scotia. Seven hospitals with occupational therapy services were matched with seven hospitals without occupational therapy services. Within the two hospital groups, subjects were matched on the basis of diagnosis and disability. Outcome measures included measures of functional performance in activities of daily living, and community living skills. This paper discusses some of the strengths and weaknesses of conducting large field studies of hospital based services. It is based on our experience with an occupational therapy outcome evaluation. Some of the strengths include well developed and implemented hospital admission and discharge practices, personal contact with key hospital staff, support of the hospital occupational therapy directors and the Nova Scotia Department of Health, and professional support through national guidelines on the client-centered practice of occupational therapy. Study weaknesses can be categorized into three major areas including evaluation issues, hospital issues, and professional issues. Our experience can contribute to the scientific literature on outcome studies on occupational therapy and to the conduct of large field studies of hospital based services in general.

A Job Severity Index for the Evaluation and Control of Lifting Injury

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Liles ◽  
S. Deivanayagam ◽  
M. M. Ayoub ◽  
P. Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Severity Index ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Manual Lifting ◽  
Materials Handling ◽  
Manual Materials Handling ◽  
And Control

Two large field studies were conducted to test the validity of the Job Severity Index (JSI) as an engineering tool for the control of manual materials-handling injury. Comparisons were made between the calculated JSIs of 453 individuals working in 101 different jobs and the injuries sustained by the same individuals over a period of 1057881 exposure hours (529 exposure years). The results revealed the existence of a job severity threshold above which the incidence, severity, and cost of injury dramatically increased. It was concluded that the JSI method can effectively be used to control injuries caused by the manual lifting of loads.

The Use Of Heart Rate Monitors To Document Exercise Adherence In Large Field Studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Fred L. Miller ◽  
Daniel P. O'Connor ◽  
Brian McFarlin ◽  
Andrew S. Jackson ◽  
Molly S. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Heart Rate Monitors

An Evaluation of Two Methods for the Injury Risk Assessment of Lifting Jobs

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Liles ◽  
P. Mahajan ◽  
M. M. Ayoub
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Materials Handling ◽  
Worker Exposure ◽  
Manual Materials Handling ◽  
Risk Potential

This paper compares two methods of evaluating the risk potential of manual materials handling jobs. This comparison is based upon two large field studies. A total of 101 different lifting jobs were analyzed using each of the two methods. Injury profiles, representing a total of over one million hours of worker exposure, were also compiled. The results indicate that the two methods tend to agree in their risk assessment of most jobs. The results also indicate that the assessments tend to be correct when compared to observed injury statistics. There are, however, certain differences between the two methods. These and other points are also discussed.

The influence of soil heterogeneity on exploratory tunnelling by the subterranean termite Coptotermes frenchi (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Heterogeneity ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field

AbstractThe exploration of sand-filled arenas by workers of an entire colony of the Australian, subterranean foraging, tree-nesting termite, Coptotermes frenchi Hill was investigated under laboratory conditions. The first experiment tested whether termite exploration of sand was influenced by the presence of gaps or objects in the sand. Gaps and objects were chosen to represent soil heterogeneity in the urban environment: gaps to represent tunnels dug by other animals, perspex strips to represent cables and pipes, and wood strips to represent roots. Termites always chose to explore gaps thoroughly before they began tunnelling in the sand. Significantly more and longer tunnels were excavated from the end of gaps at the far end of the arenas, and relatively little tunnelling occurred around and along objects. Termite density was significantly greater around and along wood compared with perspex blocks. The second experiment tested whether termite exploratory tunnelling was influenced by soil moisture. The termites tunnelled slowly in dry sand, but after discovering a patch of wet sand, increased tunnelling five-fold until it was completely explored, after which activity declined. Energy and water conservation may be behind these patterns of exploratory tunnelling as well as those seen in large field studies, but caution is urged when interpreting small scale laboratory experiments to explain large scale field data.

scholarly journals Modern History of Cholera Vaccines and the Pivotal Role of icddr,b

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Holmgren
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Cholera Toxin B Subunit ◽  
Modern History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Cholera Vaccination ◽  
Cholera Vaccines

Abstract The rapid spread of the 7 th cholera pandemic over Asia in the 1960s led to several large field studies that revealed that the traditional injectable cholera vaccines had poor efficacy, usually less than 50% for only 3-6 months, which led WHO in the 1970s to stop recommending cholera vaccination. At the same time, it stimulated research that has led to the development of the effective orally administered cholera vaccines (OCVs) that today are a cornerstone in WHO´s strategy for “Ending Cholera – A Global Roadmap to 2030”. The first effective OCV, Dukoral™, containing a mixture of inactivated Vibrio cholerae bacteria and cholera toxin B subunit, was licenced in 1993 and is together with two similar inactivated whole-cell OCVs, Shanchol™ and Euvichol™/Euvichol-Plus™, the OCVs currently prequalified and recommended by WHO. This brief review is a personalized account of the “modern history” of the development of these now universally recognized effective tools for the control and ultimate elimination of cholera, and of the pivotal role of icddr,b and Bangladesh for this development.

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