A Quantitative Study of Sr2+ Impact on Barite Crystallization and Inhibition Kinetics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Zhaoyi Joey Dai ◽  
Chong Dai ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Samridhdi Paudyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Induction Time ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Inhibition Kinetics ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Laser Apparatus ◽  
Scale Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Scale inhibitors have been widely used for barite scale control. Our group has developed several barite crystallization and inhibition models to predict the crystallization and inhibition kinetics of pure barite with different inhibitors and calculate the minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) required. However, instead of pure barite scale formation, the incorporation of Sr2+ can be frequently found in the oilfield, because of the coexistence of Ba2+ and Sr2+ in the produced water, which can influence the kinetics of crystallization and inhibition significantly. As a result, the MIC predicted could be off significantly. Therefore, in this study, the effect of Sr2+ on barite crystallization and inhibition kinetics is quantitatively investigated to evaluate the accuracy of MIC values under various conditions. The induction time of barite with different concentrations of Sr2+ was measured by laser apparatus without or with different concentrations of scale inhibitor diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) (DTPMP) at the conditions: barite saturation index (SI) from 1.5 to 1.8; temperature (T) from 40 to 70 ℃; and [Sr2+]/[Ba2+] molar ratios from 0 to 15, all with celestite SI < 0. The results show that the induction time of the barite increases with [Sr2+]/[Ba2+] ratio at a fixed barite SI, T and DTPMP dosage. That means the MIC will be overestimated if it is calculated by previous semiempirical pure barite crystallization and inhibition models, without considering the presence of Sr2+. Based on the experimental results, the novel quantitative barite crystallization and inhibition models that include the influence of Sr2+ were developed for the first time as follows: Barite crystallization model with the influence of Sr2+: l o g 10 t 0 B a S O 4 ,   S r = ( 1.523 − 10.88 S I − 895.67 T ( K ) + 5477 S I × T ( K ) + 0.829 × [ C a 2 + ] ) + ( 0.823 S I + 85.44 T ( K ) − 0.667 ) × ( [ Sr 2 + ] [ B a 2 + ] ) Barite inhibition model including the influence of Sr2+ l o g 10 ( t i n h B a s o 4 , S r t 0 B a S O 4 , S r ) = b B a S O 4 , S r × C i n h l o g 10 b B a S O 4 , S r = ( − 2.187 − 1.411 × S I + 1329.29 T ( K ) + 0.153 × p H ) + ( 0.0983 × S I − 74.66 T ( K ) + 0.099 ) × ( [ Sr 2 + ] [ B a 2 + ] ) These novel models are in good agreement with the experimental data. They are used to predict the induction time and MIC more accurately at these common Ba2+ and Sr2+ coexisting scenarios. The observations and new models proposed in this study will significantly improve the barite scale management when Ba2+ and Sr2+ coexist in the oilfield.

A Semiempirical Model for Barium-Strontium-Sulfate Solid Solution Scale Crystallization and Inhibition Kinetics at Oilfield Conditions

SPE Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Zhaoyi Dai ◽  
Chong Dai ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Samridhdi Paudyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Semiempirical Model ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Barium Strontium ◽  
Strontium Sulfate ◽  
Laser Apparatus ◽  
Scale Control

Summary Scale inhibitors have been widely used as one of the most efficient methods for sulfate-scale control. To accurately predict the required minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC), we have previously developed several crystallization and inhibition models for pure sulfate scales, including barite, celestite, and gypsum. However, disregarding the wide existence of barium-strontium-sulfate (Ba-Sr-SO4) solid solution in the oil field, no related models have been developed that would lead to large errors in MIC determination. In this study, the induction time of Ba-Sr-SO4 solid solution was measured by laser apparatus with or without different concentrations of scale inhibitor diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) (DTPMP) at the conditions of barite saturation index (SI) from 1.5 to 1.8, temperature (T) from 40 to 70°C, and [Sr2+]/[Ba2+] ratios from 0 to 15 with celestite SI < 0. The results showed that the Ba-Sr-SO4 solid solution’s induction time increases with the [Sr2+]/[Ba2+] ratio at a fixed barite SI, T, and DTPMP dosage. That means the MIC will be overestimated if it is calculated by the previous semiempirical pure barite crystallization and inhibition models without considering the presence of Sr2+. To resolve such deviations, the novel quantitative Ba-Sr-SO4 solid solution crystallization and inhibition models were developed for the first time. The novel models are in good agreement with the experimental data. They can be used to predict the induction time and MIC more accurately at these common Ba2+ and Sr2+ coexisting scenarios. The observations and new models proposed in this study will significantly improve the barite scale management while Ba2+ and Sr2+ coexist in the oil field. NOTE: Supplementary materials are available in support of this paper and have been published online under Supplementary Data at https://doi.org/10.2118/205367-PA.

Attchment/Release of Phosphonate to/from a CaCO3 Surface in Supersaturated Brines

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Amy T. Kan ◽  
Mason B. Tomson
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Flowback Water ◽  
High Supersaturation ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Theoretical Limitation

Abstract One of the most intractable concerns when engineers try to reuse the produced water as frac fluid in the Bakken and some other shale plays is the scale formation caused by the incompatibility of produced water with additives in the frac fluids and with the formation. In order to obtain a more efficient scale treatment for a successful hydraulic fracing that handles the extraordinary amount of water with high supersaturation level, the better understanding of inhibitor retention and release in the production system is urgent. To explore the mechanism of attachment/release of phosphonate to/from a mineral surface, calcite supersaturated feed solutions with different diethylenetriamine penta (DTPMP) concentrations were introduced into the steel tubing that was internally pre-coated with a thin layer of CaCO3. It is unveiled that DTPMP attachment was dominated by the precipitation of calcium phosphonate solid once the solution is supersaturated with Ca3H4DTPMP (pKsp=53.5), and the total amount of DTPMP attached on the calcite surface added up with the increasing supersaturation of Ca3H4DTPMP. The co-precipitation of CaCO3 and Ca3H4DTPMP has facilitated the attachment of the inhibitor with the increase of supersaturation of CaCO3. The retained phosphonate was released from the surface with a steady and low level inhibitor concentration over extended period of time. Combining with the kinetics of calcium carbonate precipitation in the presence of inhibitor, a 1500 gram of calcium phosphonate precipitation can protect the scaling for about 100 days (100 bbl/day) when the saturation index of calcium carbonate (SIcalcite) is as high as 1.3. The results provide a better understanding of calcium-phosphonate-carbonate interaction, and show the phosphonate inhibitor can continuously accumulate on the carbonate and slowly dissolve. We anticipate this study can shed a light on how much inhibitor can be delivered to the unconventional reservoir as well as the theoretical limitation of inhibitor return in the flowback water.

A Semiempirical Model for Predicting Celestite Scale Formation and Inhibition in Oilfield Operating Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Zhaoyi Joey Dai ◽  
Chong Dai ◽  
Samridhdi Paudyal ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saturation Index ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Scale Formation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Semiempirical Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Laser Apparatus ◽  
Produced Waters ◽  
Mineral Scale ◽  
Scale Control

Abstract Mineral scale formation has always been a serious problem during production. Most scales can be treated by adding threshold scale inhibitors. Several crystallization and inhibition models have previously been reported to predict the minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) needed to control the barite and calcite scale. Recently, more attentions have been paid to the formation of celestite scale in the oilfield. However, no related models have been developed to help determine the MIC needed for the celestite scale control. Therefore, in this study, the crystallization and inhibition kinetics data of celestite under a wide range of celestite saturation index (SI = 0.7 – 2.6), temperature (T = 25 – 90 °C), ionic strength (IS = 1.075 – 3.075 M) and pH (4 – 6.7) with one phosphonate inhibitor (diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid, DTPMP) and two polymeric inhibitors (phophinopolycarboxylate, PPCA and polyvinyl sulfonate, PVS) were measured by laser apparatus or collected from previous studies. Then, based on the results, the celestite crystallization and inhibition models were established accordingly. Good agreements between the experimental results and calculated results from the models can be found. By using these newly developed models, the MIC needed for three commonly seen inhibitors, DTPMP, PPCA and PVS on celestite scale control can be predicted under extensive production conditions. The developed models can fill in the blank in scaling management strategies for high Sr2+ and SO42- concentrations in the produced waters.

scholarly journals Synthesis and study of complexes of the novel Russian antiviral drug Camphecene with pentacyclic triterpenes of licorice

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-198
Author(s):  
S. S. Khizrieva ◽  
E. V. Vetrova ◽  
S. N. Borisenko ◽  
E. V. Maksimenko ◽  
N. I. Borisenko
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Molecular Complexes ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fast Detection ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpenes ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
First Time

For the first time, the complexation of pentacyclic triterpenes of licorice (glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and its aglycone, glycyrrhetinic acid (GLA)) with the novel Russian antiviral drug Camphecene (Camph) was investigated. The complexes obtained at different molar ratios were studied using both UV/Vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (ESI MS). Formation of the host:guest complexes were registered: GA and GLA molecular complexes (Camph+2GA; Camph+2GLA) with stability constants К = 6.94 106 М-2 and К = 2.89 106 М-2, respectively. The research results demonstrate a considerable potential of ESI MS as a technique for simple and fast detection of formation of the complexes of GA /GLA and the novel drugs.

scholarly journals Bromotyrosine Alkaloids with Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity from the Thai Sponge Acanthodendrilla sp

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natchanun Sirimangkalakitti ◽  
Opeyemi J. Olatunji ◽  
Kanokwan Changwichit ◽  
Tongchai Saesong ◽  
Supakarn Chamni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Nmr Assignments ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Inhibition Kinetics ◽  
Ache Inhibitory Activity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Resolution Mass ◽  
C Nmr

Twenty bromotyrosine alkaloids, including a new compound, 13-oxosubereamolline D (5), were isolated from the Thai sponge Acanthodendrilla sp. Their structures were determined by analyses of 1D- and 2D-NMR, high-resolution mass, and circular dichroism data. The complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of 5,7β-dichlorocavernicolin (19) and 5,7α-dichlorocavernicolin (20) are described herein for the first time. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity of all isolated compounds was evaluated. Only homoaerothionin (7) and fistularin 1 (10) exhibited inhibitory activity against human recombinant AChE ( hrAChE) with IC50s of 4.5 and 47.5 μM, respectively. The hrAChE inhibition kinetics of 7, the most potent alkaloid, showed increased K m and unchanged V max values, suggesting its competitive mode of inhibition. The spirocyclohexadienylisoxazole and the length of the alkyl diamine linkage were proposed as the crucial parts for its strong inhibitory activity. This finding indicates a therapeutic potential for 7 in acetylcholine-related diseases, most importantly Alzheimer's disease.

scholarly journals Label-Free Optical Detection of Mycotoxins Using Specific Aptamers Immobilized on Gold Nanostructures

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ghanim Al-Rubaye ◽  
Alexei Nabok ◽  
Gaelle Catanante ◽  
Jean-Louis Marty ◽  
Eszter Takács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Localized Surface Plasmon ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dna Chain ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

This work focuses on the development of the novel label-free optical apta-sensors for detection of mycotoxins. A highly sensitive analytical method of total internal reflection ellipsometry (TIRE) combined with Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) phenomenon in nano-structured gold films was exploited here for the first time for detection of aflatoxin B1 and M1 in direct assay with specific aptamers immobilized on the surface of gold. The achieved detection of low molecular weight molecules, such as aflatoxin B1 and M1, in a wide range of concentrations from 100 ng/mL down to 0.01 ng/mL is remarkable for the LSPR method. The study of binding kinetics of aflatoxin molecules to their respective aptamers using dynamic TIRE measurements yielded the values of affinity constants in the range of 10−8–10−7 mol, which is characteristic for highly specific aptamer/target interactions similar to that for monoclonal antibodies. The effect of aptamers’ DNA chain length on their binding characteristics was analyzed.

scholarly journals Synthesis and study of complexes of the novel Russian antiviral drug Camphecene with Plant’s Flavonoids

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 20218202
Author(s):  
S. S. Khizrieva ◽  
E. V. Vetrova ◽  
S. N. Borisenko ◽  
E. V. Maksimenko ◽  
N. I. Borisenko
Keyword(s):  
Stability Constant ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Binding Constants ◽  
Molecular Complexes ◽  
High Potential ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
First Time

Traditionally, glycyrrhizic acid has been used to form polydentate complexes. For the first time in the presented paper, the complexation of the Plant’s Flavonoids (Quercetin (Qu) and its glycoside - Rutin (Rut)) with the novel Russian antiviral drug Camphecene (Camph) was investigated. The complexes obtained at different molar ratios were studied using UV/Vis spectroscopy. Formation of the host: guest complexes were registered: Qu and Rut molecular complexes (Camph+2Qu; Camph+2Rut) with a stability constant K = 3.3·108 M-2. Comparison of the binding constants of the obtained complexes shows that the efficiency of Camphecene complexation with the participation of flavonoids is more efficient than with the participation of triterpenoids. Besides, it was found that the complexes of Camphecene with the quercetin and rutin are soluble in water, in contrast to the complexes with triterpenoids, which makes it possible to increase the bioavailability of both Camphecene and flavonoids. The obtained results demonstrate the high potential of flavonoids Qu and Rut to the development of novel pharmaceutical forms using the example of Camphecene in the form of molecular complexes, as the novel forms of delivery.

Buried Narratives: Exhuming the Mother's Story in Oliver Twist

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-266
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Poor Law ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Law ◽  
First Time ◽  
Critical Consideration

Initially, Oliver Twist (1839) might seem representative of the archetypal male social plot, following an orphan and finding him a place by discovering the father and settling the boy within his inheritance. But Agnes Fleming haunts this narrative, undoing its neat, linear transmission. This reconsideration of maternal inheritance and plot in the novel occurs against the backdrop of legal and social change. I extend the critical consideration of the novel's relationship to the New Poor Law by thinking about its reflection on the bastardy clauses. And here, of course, is where the mother enters. Under the bastardy clauses, the responsibility for economic maintenance of bastard children was, for the first time, legally assigned to the mother, relieving the father of any and all obligation. Oliver Twist manages to critique the bastardy clauses for their release of the father, while simultaneously embracing the placement of the mother at the head of the family line. Both Oliver and the novel thus suggest that it is the mother's story that matters, her name through which we find our own. And by containing both plots – that of the father and the mother – Oliver Twist reveals the violence implicit in traditional modes of inheritance in the novel and under the law.

Zeolites Fit For A Crown: Probing Host-Guest Interactions with Thermogravimetric Methods

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asel Sartbaeva ◽  
Paul R. Raithby ◽  
Remi Castaing ◽  
Antony Nearchou
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

Through a combination of thermogravimetry, mass spectrometry and differential thermal analysis, we demonstrate for the first time that all four zeolites show experimental differences in their host-guest interactions with 18C6. In addition, we have estimated the kinetics of 18C6 decomposition, which is a technique that has not been applied to zeolites previously. Using these findings as a toolkit, a more rational use of OSDAs can be utilised to prepare designer zeolites. Furthermore, the new methodologies presented herein can be applied to current zeolites, such as MFI-type zeolites used in the petrochemical industry.

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