Anxiety, Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies in Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Correlational Descriptive Study
Abstract Background: Clinical training is recognized as being a stressful experience for many nursing students. The levels of stress and anxiety may increase or decrease during their educational training depending on coping behavior strategies and other factors. The objective of this was to investigate the relationship between anxiety, perceived stress and coping strategies used by nursing students during their clinical training. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational descriptive study. The sample consisted of 190 nursing students enrolled in the Nursing Faculty of Ciudad Real University in Spain. Participants provided data on background characteristics and completed the following instruments: Perceived Stress Scale; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Coping Behavior Inventory. Relationships between scores were examined using Spearman’s rho.Results: The mean age of participants was 20.71± 3.89 years (range 18-46 years). One half of the students (47.92%) indicated a moderate level of stress with a mean of Perceived Stress Scale score of 22.78 (±8.54). Veteran nursing students perceived higher levels of stress than novice students. The results showed a significant correlation for perceived stress and state anxiety (r= 0.463, p<.000) and also for trait anxiety (r=0.718, p<.000). There was also a significant relationship between the total amount of perceived stress and the following domains of the coping behavior inventory: problem solving (r =-.452, p<.01), self-criticism(r =.408 p<.01), wishful thinking(r =.459, p<.01), social support(r =-.220, p<.01), cognitive restructuring(r =-.375, p<.01), and social withdrawal(r =.388, p<.01). In the current study, the coping strategy most frequently used by students was problem-solving, followed by social support and cognitive restructuring.Conclusions: Nursing students in our study presented a moderate level of stress and the correlation with anxiety was significant. Nursing teachers and clinical preceptors/mentors should be encouraged to develop programs that could help prepare nursing students to cope with the challenges they are about to face during their clinical placements.