scholarly journals Comparison Efficacy of Bacterial and Fungal Probiotics on Acute Pediatric Diarrhea A Randomized Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Sharif ◽  
Abbas Taghavi Ardakani ◽  
Hamed Haddad Kashani ◽  
Fatemeh Rabiee ◽  
Mohammad Reza Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Probiotics, recognized as living microorganisms, are known to balance human intestinal flora. Many studies have shown that probiotics can be used as an alternative treatment to acute diarrhea. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of fungal and bacterial probiotics on acute pediatric diarrhea. Methods This clinical trial was conducted on 90 children aged 2 to 5 years, who were referred to the Kashan Children's Hospital, Iran, in 2015 for complaints of acute watery diarrhea and were treated on an outpatient basis. These children were randomly divided into three groups of 30. The first group received a standard daily treatment with ORS plus bacterial probiotics as a Kidilact® sachet containing 7 strains of Lactobacillus strains; the second group received ORS and fungal probiotics containing Saccharomyces boulardii as Ardeypharm Yomogi® capsule, 250 mg once a day and the third group used placebo along with standard oral rehydration therapy. The duration of treatment with probiotics or placebo was 5 days. Results The current study showed no significant differences in age, gender, frequency and duration of diarrhea between the three groups before admission. The mean duration of diarrhea from onset of treatment to recovery was 2.80 days in the first group (bacterial probiotics), 3.17 days in the second group (fungal probiotics), and 4.43 days in the third group (placebo). A significant difference was observed in the duration of diarrhea after treatment between the three groups (P ≤ 0.05), so that the best effect was found in reducing the duration of diarrhea in the bacterial probiotic group, and the lowest effect was associated with the placebo group. Conclusion The use of probiotics in acute diarrhea in children could be effective in shortening the duration of diarrhea; however, the results of this study indicate that bacterial probiotics may seems to be superior to fungi but statistically does not have significant differences.

Clinical Trial of Glucose-Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS), Rice Dextrin-ORS, and Rice Flour-ORS for the Management of Children With Acute Diarrhea and Mild or Moderate Dehydration

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
Susana Molina ◽  
Carolina Vettorazzi ◽  
Janet M. Peerson ◽  
Noel W. Solomons ◽  
Kenneth H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Oral Rehydration Solution ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Rehydration Solution

Objective. To assess the effects of glucose (G)-oral rehydration solution (ORS), rice dextrin (RD)-ORS, and rice flour (RF)-ORS on fluid intake, rapidity of rehydration, and stool output of children with acute diarrhea and mild or moderate dehydration. Methods. The study was a randomized, double-masked clinical trial. One hundred forty-six male infants, ages 3 to 36 months, were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Clinical evaluations and fluid balances were conducted every 2 to 4 hours for 48 hours. Principal outcome variables were ORS consumption, recovery of hydration status, and fecal output. Results. The groups were similar at admission with regard to age, nutritional status, history of the current episode, and clinical status. There were no differences in ORS consumption by treatment group during any period of study. During the first 6-hour period, patients in group RF had less stool output (16 ± 14 g/kg/body weight) than those in group G (22 ± 20 g/kg) or RD (21 ± 19 g/kg; P < .05). After 12 hours of hospitalization, there were no differences by treatment group. Recovery of hydration status, changes in serum sodium and potassium, and duration of diarrhea in the hospital were similar in all three groups. Conclusion. There was a 24% to 27% reduction in stool output during the first 6 hours of treatment among children who received RF-ORS compared with those who received G-ORS or RD-ORS, but this effect did not persist after the first 12 hours of therapy. Because this difference was of small magnitude and limited duration, it has minor clinical importance. Thus, we conclude that the three solutions had similar efficacy for children with acute, watery diarrhea and mild or moderate dehydration.

scholarly journals Efficacy of synbiotic and probiotic treatments on acute watery diarrhea in children

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ani Isti Rokhmawati ◽  
Wahyu Damayanti ◽  
Madarina Julia
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Frequency ◽  
The Mean

Background In developing countries, acute watery diarrhea isa common cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Givingsynbiotics or probiotics may decrease the severity of diarrhea.Objective To compare the efficacy of synbiotics and probioticsin decreasing the frequency of diarrhea, shortening the duration,and increasing patient body weight.Methods This was a double􀀷blind, randomized clinical trial tocompare the effects of synbiotic vs probiotic treatment in childrenaged 6􀀷59 months v.ith acute watery diarrhea. This study wasperformed from October to December 2010 in two hospitals inCentral Java. Subjects received either synbiotics or probioticstv.ice daily for five days. The measured outcomes were durationof diarrhea, daily frequency of diarrhea, and increase in bodyweight.Results There was no significant difference in the mean durationof the diarrhea in the synbiotic and probiotic groups, 3.92 days(SD 0.79) vs 3.80 days (SD 0.82) ,(P􀀸0.35), respectively. Nor didwe observe a significant difference in the mean increase in bodyweight in the synbiotic and probiotic groups, 150 g (SD 49.7) vs160 g (SD 48.9), (P􀀸 0.67), respectively.Conclusion We observed no significant differences in efficacy ofsynbiotic and probiotic treatment for management of acute waterydiarrhea. [Paediatr Indones. 2012;52:209,12].

scholarly journals Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity Using Nano-Hydroxyapatite Pastes: A Randomized Three-Month Clinical Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. E93-E101 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Wang ◽  
AC Magalhães ◽  
LF Francisconi-dos-Rios ◽  
MP Calabria ◽  
DFG Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Home Care ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Dentin Hypersensitivity ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Nested Analysis

SUMMARY Objectives: This randomized clinical trial tested the three-month desensitizing effect of two protocols using nano-hydroxyapatite formulations compared with Pro-Argin and fluoride varnish. Methods: Twenty-eight subjects with 137 teeth presenting dentin exposure with a minimal hypersensitivity of four on the visual analog scale (VAS) took part of this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to four groups: Desensibilize Nano-P paste (20% hydroxyapatite [HAP], potassium nitrate, and sodium fluoride [NaF]; 9000 ppm fluoride [F]); Desensibilize Nano-P associated with experimental home-care pastes (10% HA, potassium nitrate, and NaF; 900 ppm F); Pro-Relief professional paste (8% arginine with Pro-Argin technology) associated with home-care toothpaste (8% arginine, sodium monofluorophosphate, 1450 ppm F); and Duraphat professional varnish (NaF varnish, 22,600 ppm F). The professional treatments were performed in weekly appointments over three weeks. The home-care products were used continuously for three months. A VAS was used to assess the tooth sensitivity response after standardized evaporative stimulus at baseline and after one month and three months. The baseline score was deducted from the final score, and the means were analyzed using nested analysis of variance, while the comparison between times was performed by a general linear model (p<0.05). Results: At the first month all treatments were effective, but there were no significant differences among them (p=0.94). At the third month, despite the fact that NaF varnish had the lowest effect in reducing hypersensitivity, no significant difference was found among the treatments (p=0.09). Only Pro-Relief increased its effect over time (p=0.049). Conclusions: Nano-hydroxyapatite formulations (with or without home->care product association) were as effective as the other treatments in reducing dentin hypersensitivity over three months.

scholarly journals Subjects living in an onchocerciasis focus and treated 3-monthly with ivermectin develop fewer new onchocercal nodules than subjects treated annually

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Campillo ◽  
Cédric B. CHESNAIS ◽  
Sébastien D. Pion ◽  
Jacques Gardon ◽  
Joseph Kamgno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Prophylactic Effect ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Initial Number ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Little information is available on the effect of ivermectin on the third and fourth stage larvae of Onchocerca volvulus . To assess a possible prophylactic effect of ivermectin on this parasite, we compared the effects of different ivermectin regimens on the acquisition of onchocercal nodules. Methods We analyzed data from a controlled randomized clinical trial of ivermectin conducted in the Mbam valley (Cameroon) between 1994 and 1998 in a cohort of onchocerciasis infected individuals. The number of nodules that appeared between the start and the end of the clinical trial was analyzed, using ANOVA and multivariable Poisson regressions, between four treatment arms: 150 µg/kg annually, 800 µg/kg annually, 150 µg/kg 3-monthly, and 800 µg/kg annually. Results The mean number of nodules that appeared during the trial was reduced by 17.7% in subjects treated 3-monthly compared to those treated annually (regardless of the dose). Poisson regression model, adjusting on subject’s age and weight, initial number of nodules and intensity of O. volvulus infection in his village of residence, confirmed that the incidence of new nodules was reduced in 3-monthly treatment arms compared to annually treatment arms, and that the dosage of ivermectin does not seem to influence this effect. Besides, the number of newly acquired nodules was positively associated with the initial number of nodules. Analysis of disappearance of nodules did not show any significant difference between the treatment groups. Conclusions Our result suggest, for the first time in humans, that ivermectin has a prophylactic effect on O. volvulus . Three-monthly treatment seems more effective than annual treatment to prevent the appearance of nodules.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation on the Effect of Zinc-Probiotic and Zinc Therapy in Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Md Anwarul Azim ◽  
Badrud Doza ◽  
Shahed Iqbal ◽  
Farah Chowdhury ◽  
Sanjoy Kanti Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Acute watery diarrhea in under 5 children is still a major healthburden worldwide despite all available efforts that have been made to reduce itsincidence and prevalence. Mortality rate is still high among under 5 children.Therefore, appropriate and comprehensive management of diarrhea is essential.There are lot of studies on the role of zinc and probiotic in reducing the duration andseverity of acute watery diarrhea. This study emphasized on compared effect ofusing a combination zinc –probiotic and zinc in pediatric acute gastroenteritis. Materials and methods: This was a randomized controlled trial type study,conducted at Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology at Chattogram Maa-OShishuHospital Medical College from November 2018 to March 2019. A total of 100numbers of children ages 3 months to 5 years with acute watery diarrhea wereenrolled those who were fulfilled the selection criteria. They were divided into twogroups. Group A (n=50) received zinc-probiotics combination therapy and group B(n=50) received zinc only. Measurement of disease severity was based on thefrequency of diarrhea (Times/day) and duration of diarrhea (Hours) after initial drugconsumption. Results: Among the study population 63.5% male & 32.7% female in group A and56.4% male & 34.5% female in group B. Duration of acute watery diarrhea wassignificantly reduced in group A than group B (56.4 hours versus 70.80 hoursrespectively). We also observed significant difference in length of hospital stay inGroup A and Group B (68.16 hours vs 83.04 hours) respectively. Conclusion: Combination therapy was more effective in reducing the severity ofacute watery diarrhea than zinc alone therapy in under 5 children. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.19 (1); January 2020; Page 74-77

scholarly journals Efficacy of Dioctahedral Smectite in Acute Watery Diarrhea in Indian Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. M. Mujawar ◽  
R. Naganoor ◽  
M. D. Ali ◽  
N. Malagi ◽  
A. N. Thobbi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Dioctahedral Smectite

scholarly journals Pengaruh suplementasi zink (Zn) terhadap diare pada penderita umur 6-36 bulan yang dirawat di RSUD Dr. Soedarso Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Jurianto Gambir ◽  
Madarina Julia ◽  
Muhammad Jufrrie
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Childhood Death

Background: Diarrhoea is one of the major causes of infants and childhood death in Indonesia. Malnutrition and zinc deficiency in diarrhoea may lead to impaired immunity.Objective: To assess the influence of zinc supplementation on the duration of diarrhoea and the frequency of watery stools in under-three-year-old childrenMethod: This was a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, with 31 children in the supplemented group and 33 children in the placebo group. All children had acute watery diarrhea and were given supplementation within 24 hours of admission. Daily supplementation of 20 mg zinc was given to the experimental group.Results: The supplemented group had a shorter hospitalization compared to the placebo. Beginning from the second day of supplementation, the frequency of watery stools in the supplemented group was significantly less than in the placebo group (p<0.001). While there was a significant decrease in the concentration of zinc in the serum of the placebo group, there was a slight increase in the supplemented group.Conclusion: Zinc supplementation can shorten hospitalization and reduce the frequency of watery stools in children with diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effects of sertraline and L-carnitine on intradialytic hypotension; a double blind clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e22-e22
Author(s):  
Sanaz Jamshidi ◽  
Sepideh Hajian ◽  
Nafiseh Rastgoo ◽  
Navid Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Intradialytic Hypotension ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Positive Effect

Introduction: Although some studies have reported the positive effect of sertraline and L-carnitine on intradialytic hypotension (IDH), a common complication of dialysis, however the results are controversial. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of sertraline and L-carnitine on blood pressure in patients with chronic renal failure who were undergoing dialysis. Patients and Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 32 hemodialysis patients who suffered from IDH in more than 50% of dialysis sessions. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of sertraline (50 mg daily) and L-carnitine (1000 mg daily), with 16 patients in each group. Duration of treatment was four weeks, then patients were followed up for additional three weeks. The changes in patients’ blood pressure were monitored in each group and the results compared between the two groups. Results: Of all, 18 patients (56%) were female, 14 patients (44%) were male, and their mean (SD) age was 60±15 years. At the end of the study, mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were significantly increased in both the sertraline and L-carnitine groups (P<0.05). In addition, nadir SBP, nadir DBP, and nadir MAP in each group were significantly increased compared to pre-treatment period (P<0.001). An increase of more than 5 mm Hg in SBP, DPB, and MAP was observed in half of the subjects in the sertraline group and more than two-thirds of the patients in the L-carnitine group, however there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the administration of sertraline or L-carnitine for one month could significantly increase SBP, DBP, MAP, and nadir blood pressures in dialysis patients suffering from IDH during dialysis sessions because there was no significant difference between the two drugs.

scholarly journals Efficacy of fructooligosaccharide versus placebo for treatment of acute diarrhea in children: A double-blind randomized clinical trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Reni Suryanty ◽  
Supriatmo Supriatmo ◽  
Berlian Hasibuan ◽  
Atan Baas Sinuhaji
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective To compare the efficacy of fructooligosaccharide (FOS)versus placebo in pediatric patients with acute diarrhea with re-gard to duration and frequency of diarrhea and the volume andconsistency of the stools.Methods This double-blind randomized clinical trial was carriedout from July to November 2003 in the pediatric intensive careunit, outpatient clinic, and pediatric ward of Adam Malik Hospitaland Pirngadi Hospital, Medan. Subjects were children and infantsaged 4 to 24 months suffering from acute diarrhea without dehy-dration or with mild to moderate dehydration whose parents gaveconsent. Children included in this trial received tablets of either600 mg FOS or 761 mg fructulin as placebo. Patients with mild tomoderate dehydration were initially rehydrated according to theWHO protocol. Afterwards, 10 tablets of FOS or placebo were givento each subject to be taken twice daily. In subjects without dehy-dration, the tablets were given by their parents. Daily follow-upwas performed, in which body weight, temperature, duration andfrequency of diarrhea, and the volume and consistency of stoolswere recorded. For outpatients, home visits were made.Results Out of 142 children who met inclusion criteria, 135 com-pleted the study. These consisted of 68 children in the FOS groupand 67 in the placebo group. Subjects were mostly <12 months ofage (57.0%), male (57.8%), and moderately malnourished (34.1%).There was no statistically significant difference between both groupsin the duration and frequency of diarrhea and the volume and con-sistency of stools (P>0.05).Conclusion There is no effect of the administration of FOS assupplemental therapy on the duration and frequency of diarrheaand on the volume and consistency of stools in children with acutediarrhea

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