scholarly journals Measles surveillance system Evaluation in Benishangul Gumuz, Mandura woreda, Ethiopia in 2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dereje Zena ◽  
kassahun Asires ◽  
Tigist Genetu ◽  
Anemaw Asrat
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Line Graph ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Facility Level ◽  
Facility Level ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Reporting Rates ◽  
Surveillance System Evaluation ◽  
Major Progress ◽  
Focal Person

Abstract Objective The main objective of this study is to Evaluate measles surveillance system in Benishangul Gumuz, Mandura woreda, Ethiopia in 2018. Result The weekly reporting rates of the health facilities over the past 52 weeks of 2018 were >80% timeliness and completeness as show below by line graph for health posts. All the weekly surveillance reports were sent to the next level via report format and telephone. Mandura Woreda administration has made major progress in tackling the spread of measles. The overall structural set up of the surveillance system in creation of responsible unit /focal person of Public Health Emergency Management at each district and health facility level is good.

scholarly journals Measles surveillance system Evaluation in Benishangul Gumuz, Mandura woreda, Ethiopia in 2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dereje Zena ◽  
kassahun Asires ◽  
Tigist Genetu ◽  
Anemaw Asrat
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Line Graph ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Facility Level ◽  
Facility Level ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Reporting Rates ◽  
Surveillance System Evaluation ◽  
Major Progress ◽  
Focal Person

Abstract Objective The main objective of this study is to Evaluate measles surveillance system in Benishangul Gumuz, Mandura woreda, Ethiopia in 2018. Result The weekly reporting rates of the health facilities over the past 52 weeks of 2018 were >80% timeliness and completeness as show below by line graph for health posts. All the weekly surveillance reports were sent to the next level via report format and telephone. Mandura Woreda administration has made major progress in tackling the spread of measles. The overall structural set up of the surveillance system in creation of responsible unit /focal person of Public Health Emergency Management at each district and health facility level is good.

Electronic surveillance system for COVID-19 virus management in Palestine- an observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Electronic Surveillance ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Health Facility Level ◽  
Facility Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Virus Management

This research investigated the performance of the electronic surveillance system of COVID 19 and assessed its key attributes. The research results for the overall system performance were good (82.81%). The highest attribute score was 100% for representativeness and data completeness and the lowest score was 75.30% for acceptability. The COVID-19 surveillance system is generally simple and accepted by users, although the instability of electricity and the Internet, the benefit from the training on the system, and the lack of willingness to participate in the system at the health facility level had the greatest impact on simplicity and acceptability scores. The quality and completeness of the data enabled stakeholders to carry out the most effective prevention and control activities. System developers indicated that the system has achieved the desired benefit, due to the flexibility and stability of the system and comprehensiveness of geographical coverage.

scholarly journals Safer primary healthcare facilities are needed to protect healthcare workers and maintain essential services: lessons learned from a multicountry COVID-19 emergency response initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e005833
Author(s):  
Leena N Patel ◽  
Samantha Kozikott ◽  
Rodrigue Ilboudo ◽  
Moreen Kamateeka ◽  
Mohammed Lamorde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
National Level ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Health Facility Level ◽  
Ensure Patient Safety ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Facility Level

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of infection from SARS-CoV-2 and other disease pathogens, which take a disproportionate toll on HCWs, with substantial cost to health systems. Improved infection prevention and control (IPC) programmes can protect HCWs, especially in resource-limited settings where the health workforce is scarcest, and ensure patient safety and continuity of essential health services. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we collaborated with ministries of health and development partners to implement an emergency initiative for HCWs at the primary health facility level in 22 African countries. Between April 2020 and January 2021, the initiative trained 42 058 front-line HCWs from 8444 health facilities, supported longitudinal supervision and monitoring visits guided by a standardised monitoring tool, and provided resources including personal protective equipment (PPE). We documented significant short-term improvements in IPC performance, but gaps remain. Suspected HCW infections peaked at 41.5% among HCWs screened at monitored facilities in July 2020 during the first wave of the pandemic in Africa. Disease-specific emergency responses are not the optimal approach. Comprehensive, sustainable IPC programmes are needed. IPC needs to be incorporated into all HCW training programmes and combined with supportive supervision and mentorship. Strengthened data systems on IPC are needed to guide improvements at the health facility level and to inform policy development at the national level, along with investments in infrastructure and sustainable supplies of PPE. Multimodal strategies to improve IPC are critical to make health facilities safer and to protect HCWs and the communities they serve.

scholarly journals Personal Carbon Trading—Lost in the Policy Primeval Soup?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4592
Author(s):  
Fabio Bothner
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Policy Proposal ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multiple Streams Approach ◽  
Carbon Taxation ◽  
Set Up

The number of emission trading and carbon taxation schemes implemented has grown rapidly over the past decade. Together, they cover approximately 16% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although more than two-thirds of global GHG emissions are related to household consumption, approaches that directly target households, such as personal carbon trading (PCT), do not play a role in the fight against climate change. This is especially puzzling as measures taken so far are not sufficient to reach the 2 °C target. One clue to solving this puzzle comes from political science in the form of the multiple streams approach, which defines criteria that a policy proposal must meet to become part of the political agenda. Based on these criteria, this article conducts a systematic review on PCT to clarify why PCT does not play a role in the reduction of GHG emissions. The results show that there are three main problems with the PCT proposal. First, scholars often criticize the set-up costs as well as the running costs of such a system. Second, there is no clear consensus within the research community on public acceptance of PCT. Third, it is still unclear whether politicians are receptive to PCT or not.

scholarly journals Maudsley International: improving mental health and well-being around the world

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Bouras ◽  
Silvia Davey ◽  
Tracey Power ◽  
Jonathan Rolfe ◽  
Tom Craig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Building Capacity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
And Training

Maudsley International was set up to help improve people's mental health and well-being around the world. A variety of programmes have been developed by Maudsley International over the past 10 years, for planning and implementing services; building capacity; and training and evaluation to support organisations and individuals, professionals and managers to train and develop health and social care provisions. Maudsley International's model is based on collaboration, sharing expertise and cultural understanding with international partners.

Military Power and Constitutional Development in China

1921 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-252
Author(s):  
Harold M. Vinacké
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Military Government ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Constitutional Development ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Chinese Revolution ◽  
Parliamentary Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
Popular Government ◽  
Set Up

It is now nine years since the outbreak of the Chinese revolution. It is fifteen years since the Manchus attempted to maintain their control by introducing representative institutions into China. The development toward constitutional and representative government under the Manchus was checked in 1911 by the revolutionary movement. When the Chinese Republic was established as the successor to the alien Manchu Empire it was felt that the problem of modernizing China bade fair to be solved, and that in an orderly way her political institutions would be brought into harmony with western standards. Unfortunately that orderly progress has not come. Parliamentary government under the Nanking (provisional) Constitution was replaced by the dictatorship of Yuan Shih-kai under the arrangements of the so-called constitutional compact, which in turn was followed by the attempt to reëstablish the monarchy. The failure of the monarchy movement brought back parliamentary government, but before a permanent constitution could be adopted Parliament was again dissolved, and a government controlled by a military clique set up in its place. Since this military government was unacceptable to the southern provinces, the country became divided. So far it has not been possible for the country to reconcile its differences. Instead of an ordered constitutional progress, has come apparent failure in the effort to establish representative government. The name of a republic has been maintained, it is true, and the forms of constitutional government have been retained, but a permanent national government has not been set up, nor has popular government replaced the paternal despotism of the past.

scholarly journals Cohort profile : Bandim Health Project’s (BHP) rural Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS)—a nationally representative HDSS in Guinea-Bissau

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e028775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Marie Thysen ◽  
Manuel Fernandes ◽  
Christine Stabell Benn ◽  
Peter Aaby ◽  
Ane Bærent Fisker
Keyword(s):  
Rural Health ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Set Up

PurposeBandim Health Project (BHP) monitors health and survival of women and children in a nationally representative rural Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in Guinea-Bissau. The HDSS was set up in 1989–1990 to collect data on health interventions and child mortality.ParticipantsThe HDSS covers 182 randomly selected clusters across the whole country. The cohort is open, and women and children enter the cohort, when they move into the selected clusters, and leave the cohort, when they move out or die, or when children reach 5 years of age. Data are collected through biannual or more frequent household visits. At all village visits, information on pregnancies, vital status, vaccination status, arm circumference, use of bed nets and other basic information is collected for women and children. Today, more than 25 000 women and 23 000 children below the age of 5 years are under surveillance.Findings to dateResearch from the BHP has given rise to the hypothesis that vaccines, in addition to their targeted effects, have important non-specific effects altering the susceptibility to other infections. Initially, it was observed that mortality among children vaccinated with the live BCG or measles vaccines was much lower than the mortality among unvaccinated children, a difference, which could not be explained by prevention of tuberculosis and measles infections. In contrast, mortality tended to be higher for children who had received the non-live Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis vaccine compared with children who had not received this vaccine. Since the effect differed for the different vaccines, no bias explained the contrasting findings.Future plansNew health interventions are introduced with little assessment of real-life effects. Through the HDSS, we can describe both the implementation of interventions (eg, the vaccination programme) and their effects. Furthermore, the intensive follow-up allows the implementation of randomised trials testing potential better vaccination programmes.

A Ballast System for Automated Deep-Sea Ascents

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Golz ◽  
Florin Boeck ◽  
Sebastian Ritz ◽  
Gerd Holbach
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Hydraulic Pump ◽  
Unmanned Underwater Vehicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Set Up

The efforts to discover the world’s oceans — even in extremely deep-sea environments — have grown more and more in the past years. In this context, unmanned underwater vehicles play a central role. Underwater systems that are not tethered need to provide an apparatus to ensure a safe return to the surface. Therefore, positive buoyancy is required and can be achieved by either losing weight or expanding volume. A conservative method is the dropping of ballast weight. However, nowadays this method is not appropriate due to the environmental impact. This paper presents a ballast system for an automated ascent of a deep-sea seabed station in up to 6000 m depth. The ballast system uses a DC motor driven modified hydraulic pump and a compressed air auxiliary system inside a pressure vessel. With regard to the environmental contamination in case of a leakage, only water is used as ballast fluid. The modification of an ordinary oil-hydraulic radial piston pump and the set-up of the ballast system is introduced. Results from sea trials in the Atlantic Ocean are presented to verify the functionality of the ballast system.

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