scholarly journals Nurses’ knowledge of pressure ulcer and its associated factors at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2018.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezedin Molla Muhammed ◽  
Berhanu Boru Bifftu ◽  
Yemataw Zewdu Temachu ◽  
Tarkie Abebe Walle
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nurses Knowledge

Abstract Background: Pressure ulcer is largely avoidable, but its prevalence rate increased more than 80% in a thirteen years study. Nurses have a great position to advance best practices towards the prevention of pressure ulcers. Therefore they should be knowledgeable of the signs and symptoms of pressure ulcers, and preventive strategies to reduce its incidence, but there is limited evidence on nurses’ knowledge and its associated factors to prevent pressure ulcer in Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 25 – April 23/ 2018. A total of 356 nurses were selected by stratification with a simple random sampling technique. Pretested structured questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions was used to collect data. Frequency distribution and percentage were computed to describe each variable. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression with a 95% confidence interval was also carried out to see the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable and declared statistical significant association with P< 0.05. Result: The mean knowledge score of nurses was 25.22 out of 41 item questions. Fifty-two point five percent of nurses score above the mean. Males [AOR=0.44, 95% CI (0.26 – 0.73)], working a maximum of eight hours [AOR= 3.57, 95% CI (1.48 – 8.61), not having training [(AOR= 2.31, 95% CI (1.14 – 4.61)], Low salary [AOR= 3.47, 95% CI (1.03 – 11.67)] were significantly associated with inadequate knowledge. Conclusion: Generally a nurse's knowledge of pressure ulcer was inadequate. Being female, working less than or equal to eight hours, not having the training and low working salary are contributors to a low level of knowledge for pressure ulcer.

scholarly journals Nurses’ knowledge of pressure ulcer and its associated factors at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2018.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarkie Abebe Walle ◽  
Ezedin Molla Muhammed ◽  
Berhanu Boru Bifftu ◽  
Yemataw Zewdu Temachu
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hawassa University ◽  
Nurses Knowledge

Abstract Introduction Pressure ulcer is largely avoidable, but its prevalence rate increased more than 80% in a thirteen years study. Nurses have a great position to advance best practices towards the prevention of pressure ulcers. Therefore they should be knowledgeable of the signs and symptoms of pressure ulcers, and preventive strategies to reduce its incidence, but there is limited evidence on nurses’ knowledge and its associated factors to prevent pressure ulcer in Ethiopia.Objectives The study aimed to assess nurses' knowledge and associated factors towards pressure ulcer prevention at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2018.Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 25 – April 23/ 2018. A total of 356 nurses were selected by stratification with a simple random sampling technique. Pretested structured questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions was used to collect data. Frequency distribution and percentage were computed to describe each variable. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression with a 95% confidence interval was also carried out to see the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable and declared statistical significant association with P< 0.05.Result The mean knowledge score of nurses was 25.22 out of 41 item questions. Fifty-two point five percent of nurses score above the mean. Males [AOR=0.44, 95% CI (0.26 – 0.73)], working a maximum of eight hours [AOR= 3.57, 95% CI (1.48 – 8.61), not having training [(AOR= 2.31, 95% CI (1.14 – 4.61)], Low salary [AOR= 3.47, 95% CI (1.03 – 11.67)] were significantly associated with inadequate knowledge.Conclusion Generally a nurse's knowledge of pressure ulcer was inadequate. Being female, working less than or equal to eight hours, not having the training and low working salary are contributors to a low level of knowledge for pressure ulcer.

scholarly journals Nurses’ knowledge towards pressure ulcer and its associated factors at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2018.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezedin Molla Muhammed ◽  
Berhanu Boru Bifftu ◽  
Yemataw Zewdu Temachu ◽  
Tarkie Abebe Walle
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Hawassa University ◽  
Nurses Knowledge

Abstract Introduction Pressure ulcer is largely avoidable, but its prevalence rate increased more than 80% in a thirteen years study. Nurses have a great position to advance best practice towards prevention of pressure ulcer. Therefore they should be knowledgeable of the signs and symptoms of pressure ulcers, and preventive strategies to reduce its incidence, but there is limited evidence on nurses’ knowledge and its associated factors to prevent pressure ulcer in Ethiopia.Objectives The aim of the study was to assess Nurses’ knowledge and associated factors towards pressure ulcer prevention at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2018.Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 25 – April 23/ 2018. A total of 356 nurses were selected by stratification with simple random sampling technique. Pretested structured questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions was used to collect data. Frequency distribution and percentage were computed to describe each variable. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression with 95% confidence interval was also carried out to see the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable and declared statistical significant association with P< 0.05.Result Mean knowledge score of nurses was 25.22 out of 41 item questions. Fifty-two point five percent of nurses score above the mean. Males [AOR=0.44, 95% CI (0.26 – 0.73)], working a maximum of eight hours [AOR= 3.57, 95% CI (1.48 – 8.61), not having training [(AOR= 2.31, 95% CI (1.14 – 4.61)], Low salary [AOR= 3.47, 95% CI (1.03 – 11.67)] were significantly associated with inadequate knowledge.Conclusion Generally a nurse's knowledge of pressure ulcer was inadequate. Being female, working less than or equal to eight hours, not having the training and low working salary are contributors to a low level of knowledge for pressure ulcer.

scholarly journals Nurses’ knowledge of pressure ulcer and its associated factors at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2018.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezedin Molla Muhammed ◽  
Berhanu Boru Bifftu ◽  
Yemataw Zewdu Temachu ◽  
Tarkie Abebe Walle
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pressure Ulcer Prevention ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hawassa University ◽  
Ulcer Prevention ◽  
Nurses Knowledge

Abstract Background: Pressure ulcer is largely avoidable, but its prevalence rate increased more than 80% in a thirteen years study. Nurses have a great position to advance best practices towards the prevention of pressure ulcers. Therefore they should be knowledgeable of the signs and symptoms of pressure ulcers, and preventive strategies to reduce its incidence, but there is limited evidence on nurses’ knowledge and its associated factors to prevent pressure ulcer in Ethiopia. Objectives: The study aimed to assess nurses' knowledge and associated factors towards pressure ulcer prevention at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 25 – April 23/ 2018. A total of 356 nurses were selected by stratification with a simple random sampling technique. Pretested structured questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions was used to collect data. Frequency distribution and percentage were computed to describe each variable. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression with a 95% confidence interval was also carried out to see the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable and declared statistical significant association with P< 0.05. Result: The mean knowledge score of nurses was 25.22 out of 41 item questions. Fifty-two point five percent of nurses score above the mean. Males [AOR=0.44, 95% CI (0.26 – 0.73)], working a maximum of eight hours [AOR= 3.57, 95% CI (1.48 – 8.61), not having training [(AOR= 2.31, 95% CI (1.14 – 4.61)], Low salary [AOR= 3.47, 95% CI (1.03 – 11.67)] were significantly associated with inadequate knowledge. Conclusion: Generally a nurse's knowledge of pressure ulcer was inadequate. Being female, working less than or equal to eight hours, not having the training and low working salary are contributors to a low level of knowledge for pressure ulcer. Keywords: Knowledge, Nurses, Pressure Ulcer Prevention

scholarly journals NURSE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING INTRAVENOUS THERAPY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Tailor ◽  
◽  
Shiv K Mudgal ◽  
Digpal Singh Chundawat ◽  
Krishan Kumar Nehra
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Intravenous Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nurses Knowledge

Context: In hospital settings, most of the time intravenous fluids and drugs administered to patients and nurses are responsible for administration and care of intravenous therapy. However, patients may develop complications related to intravenous therapy due to inadequate competency and knowledge of nurses regarding intravenous therapy. Aims: The present study was conducted to ascertain the knowledge regarding administration and care of intravenous therapy among the staff nurses working at tertiary care hospitals. Methods: A Cross-Sectional research design was adopted to ascertain the nurses knowledge of intravenous therapy. A total of 400 nurses were selected through simple random sampling technique from a tertiary care hospital. A self-structured questionnaire was used to assess the nurses knowledge of IV therapy. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic. Result: The finding of the study indicated that the overall mean knowledge score of nurses was 15.71±4.18. The demographic variables which influenced the level of nurses knowledge significantly were their professional education (p=0.003) and attended refresher courses on IV therapy (p=0.000). Conclusion: Nurses had an inadequate level of knowledge on administration and care of IV therapy. The administration of IV therapy could be improved by the provision of the in-service education programme.

scholarly journals Compliance with Standard Precautions and Associated Factors among Healthcare Workers in Gondar University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariku Gebre Haile ◽  
Eshetu Haileselassie Engeda ◽  
Abdella Amano Abdo
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Hospital

Background. In many studies, compliance with standard precautions among healthcare workers was reported to be inadequate.Objective.The aim of this study was to assess compliance with standard precautions and associated factors among healthcare workers in northwest Ethiopia.Methods.An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 01 to April 30, 2014. Simple random sampling technique was used to select participants. Data were entered into Epi info 3.5.1 and were exported to SPSS version 20.0 for statistical analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were computed and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was calculated to identify associated factors.Results.The proportion of healthcare workers who always comply with standard precautions was found to be 12%. Being a female healthcare worker (AOR [95% CI] 2.18 [1.12–4.23]), higher infection risk perception (AOR [95% CI] 3.46 [1.67–7.18]), training on standard precautions (AOR [95% CI] 2.90 [1.20–7.02]), accessibility of personal protective equipment (AOR [95% CI] 2.87 [1.41–5.86]), and management support (AOR [95% CI] 2.23 [1.11–4.53]) were found to be statistically significant.Conclusion and Recommendation.Compliance with standard precautions among the healthcare workers is very low. Interventions which include training of healthcare workers on standard precautions and consistent management support are recommended.

scholarly journals Nurses’ knowledge and practices related to pain assessment in critically ill patients in a selected private hospital in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sipra Mondol ◽  
Faisal Muhammad ◽  
A. B. M. Alauddin Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nurses Knowledge

Background: Most of the time pain is difficult to assess and manage because of being inherently a subjective experience influenced by multiple factors. The perception and tolerance of pain may vary because of different psychological and social influences of the patient. Therefore it is important for health care providers to assess the pain so that individualized management interventions can be provided. This study was aimed to assess the nurses’ knowledge and practices related to pain assessment in critically ill patients.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 200 registered nurses working at different ICU in Square Hospital. The study was conducted within April to August 2017. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. The data was collected using pre-tested self-administered semi-structured questionnaire and it was analysed using SPSS 22.0 version.Results: About 81% of the respondents were in the age group 22-32 years and the mean age of the respondents was 27.74±12.06 years. About 79.0% of the respondents were female and 59.5% of the respondents had diploma in nursing. The mean monthly income of the respondents’ was 19450.5 taka. The majority (59.5%) of the respondents had less than 2 years’ service experience. About 85.5% of the respondents said it is important to assess the pain and need for analgesia before, during, and after wound care.Conclusions: Our findings reported that the nurses were reasonably knowledgeable about the principles of pain assessment. More than four-fifths of the respondents had adequate knowledge about pain assessment.

scholarly journals Study on Seroprevalence and Associated Factors of Bovine Brucellosis in Selected Districts of Afar National Regional State, Afar, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Wossene Negash ◽  
Teshager Dubie
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Afar Region ◽  
Sterile Needle

Bovine brucellosis is among the top five diseases primarily threatening both public health and livestock economy. Available data are limited to central and highland areas of the country leaving documented literature on the disease in cattle to be found hardly in pastoral and agropastoral regions of the country. As a result, the magnitude and extent of the disease remained to be investigated. A cross-sectional study design was conducted on local Afar cattle aged six months and above from February 2017 to January 2019 in selected districts of Afar region. Technically, study districts and kebeles were selected purposively whereas simple random sampling technique was applied to select cattle owners and individual animals for sample collection. An average of 8 ml whole blood was drawn of jugular vein into plain vacutainer tube using sterile needle. Using Thrusfield formula, a total of 420 blood samples were collected. The sera were tested by RBPT and CFT tests for detection of Brucella antibodies. Data were analyzed using Stata v14.0. Of the 420 sera tested by RBPT, 50 were positive for Brucella antibodies providing an overall animal level prevalence of 11.9% and those RBPT positive sera were further retested by specific and sensitive confirmatory CFT test and 24 of the retested samples had come positive for the disease providing an overall individual animal seroprevalence of 5.7% over the three districts. Of the 3 associated factors (sex, age, and district) considered, only sex had significantly associated ( P < 0.05 : 0.036 ) with the disease. To estimate the strength of sex impact, odds ratio was generated using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses with 95% CI and P < 0.05 providing OR of 2.484 (1.061–5.815) and 2.514 (1.041–6.07), respectively. Hence, the computations revealed that male cattle were 2.484 and 2.514 times more likely at higher risk for the disease as compared to their female counterparts.

scholarly journals Incident Reporting Behaviours and Associated Factors among Nurses Working in Gondar University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshetu Haileselassie Engeda
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Incident Reporting ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. A comprehensive and systematic approach to incident reporting would help learn from errors and adverse events within a healthcare facility.Objective. The aim of the study was to assess incident reporting behaviours and associated factors among nurses.Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 14 to 29, 2015. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were coded, entered into Epi Info 7, and exported to SPSS version 20 software for analysis. A multivariate logistic regression model was fitted and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to determine the strength of association.Results. The proportion of nurses who reported incidents was 25.4%. Training on incident reporting (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) [95% CI] 2.96 [1.34–6.26]), reason to report (to help patient) (AOR [95% CI] 3.08 [1.70–5.59]), fear of administrative sanctions (AOR [95% CI] 0.27 [0.12–0.58]), fear of legal penalty (AOR [95% CI] 0.09 [0.03–0.21]), and fear of loss of prestige among colleagues (AOR [95% CI] 0.25 [0.12–0.53]) were significantly associated factors with the incident reporting behaviour of nurses.Conclusion and Recommendation. The proportion of nurses who reported incidents was very low. Establishing a system which promotes incident reporting is vital.

scholarly journals Pattern of knowledge and consumption of iron among teachers of reproductive age group in Jammu region: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2150
Author(s):  
Neha Choudhary ◽  
Preeti Manhas ◽  
Akash Narangyal ◽  
Rohan Singh Manhas
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intergenerational Cycle ◽  
Teacher's Knowledge

Background: Iron deficiency is caused by a persisting imbalance between a person’s dietary intake and body’s physiological demand of iron. A catch hold of these causes needs to be undertaken to break the intergenerational cycle of anaemia as well as recurrent infections associated with it. Objectives was to assess knowledge and consumption of iron among teachers in the reproductive age group.Methods: 110 school teachers were selected from selected government and private schools (primary/middle/ secondary/higher secondary) by simple random sampling technique. Teacher’s knowledge and consumption of iron consumption and associated factors was studied using a pre- tested; self- administered questionnaire.Results: 58.3% teachers were in the 30-39 year age group. Maximum were married 85.45%, 61.81% were post- graduates and 42.72% were in higher-secondary schools. 60.90% had a family income of >Rs 30000. 70.90% believed foods are the best source of iron. 57.27%, 53.63% believed menstruation effects body source of iron. 80.90% and 85.45% believed that iron has a role in pregnancy and iron rich foods and tablets are sufficient to maintain its body stores.Conclusions: IEC activities needs to be conducted among different strata of population so that the intake of iron could be increased and associated factors effecting its intake and absorption could be taken care of.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Hemoglobin Terglikosilasi (Hba1c) terhadap Profil Lipid Pasien Rumah Sakit Islam Surabaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Dwi - Kuswanto ◽  
Hari Basuki Notobroto ◽  
Rachmah Indawati
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hba1c Levels ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit metabolik dengan karakteristik hiperglikemia sebagai akibat kelainan sekresi insulin maupun kerja insulin. Diabetes sebagai salah satu penyebab dislipidemia sekunder, sehingga pengelolaan glukosa darah merupakan pencegahan primer timbulnya komplikasi penyakit kardiovaskular. Hasil Riskesdas tahun 2018, prevalensi diabetes melitus yang didiagnosis dokter pada penduduk di semua umur sebesar 3,4% di Kota Surabaya.Tujuan : Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan profil lipid pada level HbA1C normal, prediabetes dan diabetes melitus.Metode : Penelitian cross sectional, teknik pengambilan sampel dengan simple random sampling dari data rekam medis pasien rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit Islam Surabaya  dari 1 Januari tahun 2018 sampai dengan 31 Desember 2019 berusia 35-80 tahun dan mendapat pemeriksaan HbA1c, kolesterol, trigliserida dan LDL-kolesterol pada waktu yang sama dan terdokumentasi lengkap pertama sekali sehingga diperoleh besar sampel 73 data pasien. Uji Anova one way digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan rata-rata kolesterol, trigliserida dan LDL-kolesterol berdasarkan HbA1C.Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkantidakada perbedaan yang signifikan rata-rata kolesterol, dan LDL-kolesterol dengan tingkatan HbA1C (p>0,05), ada perbedaan yang signifikan rata-rata trigliserid dengan HbA1C normal, prediabetes, dan diabetes (p=0,01). Hasil multiple comparison dengan metode Tukey HSD menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan rata-rata trigliserid  pada HbA1C normal dengan diabetes (p=0,039) dan prediabetes dengan diabetes (p=0,044).Kesimpulan :Perbedaan rata-rata trigliserida signifikanpada HbA1Ckategorinormal dan prediabetes dengan diabetes, pentingnya mengendalikanglukosa darah untuk mencegahkomplikasi kardiovaskuler pada penderita diabetes melitus yang dapat dilakukan melalui pemantauan mandiri glukosa darah, pola hidup sehat, aktivitas fisik secara teratur, terapi nutrisi medis sesuai kebutuhan, menurunkan berat badan bagi yang mengalami obesitas, tidak merokokdan intervensi obat anti hiperglikemia jika dibutuhkan.Kata Kunci : diabetes, HbA1C, kolesterol, trigliserid, LDL-kolesterol. ABSTRACT  Background :Diabetes melitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglicemia as a result of abnormal insulin secretion and insulin action. Diabetes is a cause of secondary dislipidemia, so that diabetes melitus monitoring is a primary deterrent to cardiovascular complication. Riskesdas 2018 said that the prevalence of doctors' diagnosed diabetes in the population at all age 3.4% in Surabaya.Objective : This study is to find out the difference in lipid profiles on normal HbA1Clevels, pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitusMethod: Cross-sectional study, the sampling technique used was simple random sampling fromoutpatient medical recordsthe Surabaya Islamic hospital's from 1st of January 2018 to 31st December 2019 aged 35-80 years and checked for HbA1C, cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol at the same and firsttime documented. Sample sizes of 73 data analized with One Way Anova test was used to identify differences in mean cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol based Hba1C.Results :The results showed that there was no significant difference mean cholesterol and mean LDL-cholesterol with HbA1C levels (p> 0.05), there were significant differences mean the triglyceride with normal HbA1C levels, pre-diabetes, and diabetes (p= 0.01). Multiple comparason results using Tukey HSD methods showed that there was significant differences mean the triglycerid on normal HbA1C levels with diabetes (p= 0.039) and the mean triglyceride ebetween hba1c prediabetesand diabetes (p= 0.044).Conclusions: The mean difference trigliseride signifnificant in normal HbA1C levels and pre-diabetes with diabetes.The importantce of controlling blood glucose to prevent cardiovasculer complication in people with diebetes mellitus can be done through education on independent monitoring of blood glucose, healthy lifestyle, reguler physical activity, medical nutrition therapy according to the needs, lost weight for those who are obese, do not smoke and  anti-hyperglicemia drug intervention if needed.

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