A community-based randomized trial for prevention and control of brucellosis among rural population: application of the PRECEDE planning model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Jahangiry ◽  
Maryam Khazaee-Pool ◽  
Towhid Babazadeh ◽  
Parvin Sarbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Community Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Brucellosis is one of the most frequently-occurring zoonotic diseases of veterinary and public health in developing countries. It affects human and animal health and has measurable effects on productive and reproductive performance of livestock. Thus the main purpose of this study is to develop a community-based intervention program for prevention and control of brucellosis. The two-arm parallel cluster randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of an integrated prevention program over six months on brucellosis in a rural population in Ahar, East Azerbaijan, Iran. Health houses were selected of villages and randomly allocated into the intervention and the control groups (16 Health Houses in all, eight per arm). Participants were recruited via household health records in the health houses presented in the villages. The PRECEDE-PROCEED model was used to design, implement and evaluate of brucellosis prevention and control program. The appropriate strategy and intervention were matched with the project priority changes according to policies, resources, and organizational situations. Social support, knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, behavioral and environmental factors were measured at the baseline and 6-months follow-up. Generalized mixed effects-model was used to analyze data. Results: A total of 400 individuals from the study answered the questions in the present study. The mean age (SD) of the respondents in the intervention and control groups were 35.9 (11.87) and 37.28 (11.04) years, respectively. There were significant differences between intervention and control group for Precede model-base variables after six month of intervention program adjusted for adjusted for education, history of brucellosis and family history of brucellosis. Conclusion: there is a need to consolidate collaborative efforts from the health and veterinary sectors, as well as to strengthen regular vaccination and financial resources to support farmers willing to compensate or offering slaughter facilities. This diagnostic study of educational and ecological factors influencing behaviors and environments related to brucellosis will identify where and how interventions can be most effective.

scholarly journals A community-based randomized trial for the prevention and control of brucellosis among rural populations in Iran: application of the PRECEDE planning model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Jahangiry ◽  
Maryam Khazaee-Pool ◽  
Towhid Babazadeh ◽  
Parvin Sarbakhsh ◽  
Koen Ponnet
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Brucellosis is one of the most frequently occurring zoonotic diseases of veterinary and a public health problem in developing countries. It affects human and animal health and has measurable effects on the productive and reproductive performance of livestock. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to develop a community-based intervention program for brucellosis prevention and control. A two-arm parallel cluster randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of the program over six months in a rural population in Ahar, East Azerbaijan, Iran. A total of 16 village health houses were randomly allocated to the intervention and the control groups (eight per arm), and 400 participants were recruited via household health records in the health houses. The PRECEDE model, which is an acronym for Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation, was used to design, implement, and evaluate the brucellosis prevention and control program. Knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, social support, environmental enabling, and behavioral factors were measured at the baseline and the six-month follow-up. A generalized mixed effects model was used to analyze data. Results: The mean ages (SD) of the intervention and control group respondents were 35.9 (11.87) and 37.28 (11.04) years, respectively. After the six-month intervention, significant between-group differences were found on all PRECEDE variables, adjusted for education, history of brucellosis, and family history of brucellosis. Conclusion: There is a need to consolidate collaborative health and veterinary sector efforts, as well as increase regular vaccination practices and financial resources to support farmers willing to slaughter animals and/or offer slaughter facilities. The present study was able to demonstrate which educational and ecological factors influence behaviors and environments related to brucellosis and, as such, provide evidence of the effectiveness of interventions based on the PROCEDE model.

scholarly journals A community-based randomized trial for the prevention and control of brucellosis among rural populations in Iran: application of the PRECEDE planning model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Jahangiry ◽  
Maryam Khazaee-Pool ◽  
Towhid Babazadeh ◽  
Parvin Sarbakhsh ◽  
Koen Ponnet
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Brucellosis is one of the most frequently occurring zoonotic diseases of veterinary and a public health problem in developing countries. It affects human and animal health and has measurable effects on the productive and reproductive performance of livestock. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to develop a community-based intervention program for brucellosis prevention and control. A two-arm parallel cluster randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of the program over six months in a rural population in Ahar, East Azerbaijan, Iran. A total of 16 village health houses were randomly allocated to the intervention and the control groups (eight per arm), and 400 participants were recruited via household health records in the health houses. The PRECEDE model, which is an acronym for Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation, was used to design, implement, and evaluate the brucellosis prevention and control program. Knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, social support, environmental enabling, and behavioral factors were measured at the baseline and the six-month follow-up. A generalized mixed effects model was used to analyze data. Results: The mean ages (SD) of the intervention and control group respondents were 35.9 (11.87) and 37.28 (11.04) years, respectively. After the six-month intervention, significant between-group differences were found on all PRECEDE variables, adjusted for education, history of brucellosis, and family history of brucellosis. Conclusion: There is a need to consolidate collaborative health and veterinary sector efforts, as well as increase regular vaccination practices and financial resources to support farmers willing to slaughter animals and/or offer slaughter facilities. The present study was able to demonstrate which educational and ecological factors influence behaviors and environments related to brucellosis and, as such, provide evidence of the effectiveness of interventions based on the PROCEDE model.

scholarly journals Olfactory Dysfunction in β Thalassemia Major Patients Treated With Iron-Chelating Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. NP125-NP130
Author(s):  
Serhan Derin ◽  
Selvet Erdogan ◽  
Murat Sahan ◽  
Mehmet Fatih Azik ◽  
Hatice Derin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Facial Trauma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Iron Chelating Agents

Ocular and ophthalmological adverse effects may be seen in β-thalassemia major (BTM) patients treated with regular blood transfusions and iron-chelating agents. We hypothesized that olfactory dysfunction may be present in this population. In this study, we aimed to investigate olfactory dysfunction in patients with BTM and determine the etiological factors. A total of 43 patients with BTM were included in the study. Forty-three patients without any nasal complaints, history of facial trauma, or nasal surgery were included as the controls. All participants had nasal endoscopy. The iron-chelating agents used, their duration of use, as well as hemoglobin and ferritin levels of the BTM patients were recorded. Sniffin’ Sticks test (SST) was used to assess olfactory functions, and BTM and control groups were compared for the results. The correlations of SST scores with the other study parameters were analyzed. Eight (18.6%) of 43 patients in the BTM group had hyposmia while none of the patients in the control group had hyposmia ( P < .001). Older age, low-hemoglobin level, and longer use of deferoxamine were found to be correlated with olfactory dysfunction. Olfactory dysfunction may be seen in BTM patients treated with iron-chelating agents. The results of this study suggest that screening for olfactory function may be needed in routine follow-up of BTM patients.

Evaluation of a successful aging promotion intervention program for middle-aged adults in Taiwan

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Chuan Hsu ◽  
Shu-Hui Chuang ◽  
Shang-Wei Hsu ◽  
Ho-Jui Tung ◽  
Shu-Ching Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Successful Aging ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Aging Intervention ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose: This study was to implement and evaluate a successful aging intervention program for middle-aged private insurance beneficiaries. Methods: The participants were recruited from the staff and middle-aged clients for the experimental and control groups of a private insurance company. The two client (experimental and control) groups were matched by comparable age groups, gender, education, and purchased insurance types. The intervention program provided for the staff and the experimental group consisted of a series of educational courses on the topics about successful aging and preparation for 4 months. In total, there were 40 staff members, in addition to the 74 members of the experimental group and 60 members of the control group participating in the study. Results: After the intervention, the rate of physical activity and exercise significantly improved for the staff and for the intervention group. There were significant improvements in behaviors associated with doing exercise and living a less sedentary lifestyle and in the utilization of health examinations, and improvements in fitness and blood pressure. Conclusion: The successful aging intervention program significantly improved awareness of successful aging, exercise behavior and fitness.

scholarly journals Chronic Neurophysiological Effects of Repeated Head Trauma in Retired Australian Male Sport Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Pearce ◽  
Dawson J. Kidgell ◽  
Mark A. Tommerdahl ◽  
Ashlyn K. Frazer ◽  
Billymo Rist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Intracortical Inhibition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vibrotactile Stimulation ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Aim: This study investigated the somatosensory and corticomotor physiology of retired contact sport athletes with a history of repeated concussion/subconcussion head trauma.Methods: Retired male athletes with a history of playing contact sports and repeated head trauma (n = 122) were divided into two groups: those who expressed concerns regarding their mental and cognitive health (“symptomatic”: n = 83), and those who did not express any ongoing concerns (“asymptomatic”: n = 39). Both groups were compared to age-matched male controls (n = 50) with no history of concussions or participation in contact sports, an absence of self-reported cognitive, or mood impairments. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and vibrotactile stimulation were used to assess corticomotor and somatosensory pathways respectively. TMS and vibrotactile stimulation were correlated to self-reported responses using the Fatigue and Related Symptom Survey. Linear regression was used to associate concussion history with TMS, somatosensory variables.Results: Significant differences were found in symptom survey scores between all groups (p &lt; 0.001). TMS showed significant differences between the “symptomatic” and control groups for intracortical inhibition and paired pulse TMS measures. Somatosensory measures showed significant differences for reaction time (p &lt; 0.01) and reaction time variability (p &lt; 0.01) between the “symptomatic” group to the “asymptomatic” and control groups. For other somatosensory measures, the “symptomatic” measures showed differences to the “control” group. Correlations showed significant associations between severity of symptom reporting with TMS and somatosensory measure, and regression revealed the number of concussions reported was shown to have significant relationships to increased intracortical inhibition and poorer somatosensory performance.Conclusion: This study shows that retired contact sport athletes expressing chronic symptoms showed significant pathophysiology compared to those with no ongoing concerns and non-concussed controls. Further, there is a linear dose-response relationship between number of reported concussions and abnormal neurophysiology. Neurophysiological assessments such as TMS and somatosensory measures represent useful and objective biomarkers to assess cortical impairments and progression of neuropsychological impairment in individuals with a history of repeated head trauma.

scholarly journals Plantar Fasciitis Risk Factorsin Normal Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-430
Author(s):  
Hadi Ghotbi Joshvaghan ◽  
Farzad Omidi-Kashani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeon ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Bony Spur

Conservative treatments results for plantar fasciitis patients are inconsistent and therefore manipulating risk factors could be the best option for this disease. To determine risk factors of plantar fasciitis. In a retrospective study, all patients who had plantar fasciitis were enrolled and were compared to control group on their demographic characteristics. The angle of dorsi-flexion was recorded by examination of orthopedic surgeon, history of pregnancy and time of standing in one day. Plantar curvature was measured by orthopedic surgeon. Female sex percentage was significantly higher in PF group than male sex (p=0.007), but the difference in sex was not significant between PF and control groups (p=0.22). Body mass index (BMI) above 30 was significantly higher in PF group compare to control group (p=0.013). Presence of bony spur was significantly higher in PF group compare to control group (p=0.03). There were significant differences in foot curve degree in patients between PF and control groups (p=0.037). Odds ratio (OR) of plantar fasciitis was 1.65 times in patients with bony spur. History of pregnancy increase OR of plantar fasciitis 1.37 times (OR:1.37; 95% CI:1.20-1.82, p=0.017). Plantar fasciitis is associated with higher BMI, pregnancy, bony spur and foot curve cavus. However, it seems that a predisposing foot structural factor should also be accompanied with these risk factors.

scholarly journals Association among Thyroid Dysfunction, Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis and Eczema in Children with Alopecia Areata

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Ghaffari ◽  
Ghasem Rahmatpour Rokni ◽  
Armaghan Kazeminejad ◽  
Hosein Abedi
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata is a non-scarring hair loss, which typically starts quickly. Atopy is one of the possible predisposing risk factors for this condition.AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid disease, atopic dermatitis and allergic diseases in children with alopecia areata and compare the results with healthy individuals.METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on 50 patients with alopecia areata, diagnosed by a dermatologist, and 150 healthy individuals as the control group. Participants filled the questionnaires, and necessary tests were performed.RESULTS: In this study, the mean age of the participants was 2.55 ± 14.26 and 3.19 ± 11.92 in the case and control groups, respectively. Prevalence of asthma was 22% in the case group and 12.5% in control group (P = 0.109). Also, allergic rhinitis and eczema were observed in 20% and 22% of the subjects of the case group, whereas they were reported to be 8% and 10% in the control group (PV = 0.03 and 0.175, respectively). Moreover, 28% and 8% of the participants in the case and control groups had a family history of atopy and allergic disorders, respectively (P = 0.046). A significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding gender, type of delivery and contact with animals.CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of this study, a significant association was observed between the prevalence of alopecia areata and atopic conditions, such as allergic rhinitis and history of atopic dermatitis.

Effectiveness of Community Participation in Earthquake Preparedness: A Community-Based Participatory Intervention Study of Tehran

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ensiyeh Jamshidi ◽  
Reza Majdzadeh ◽  
Maryam Saberi Namin ◽  
Ali Ardalan ◽  
Behdad Majdzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Community Advisory Board ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Earthquake Preparedness ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
And Control ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice ◽  
Participatory Intervention

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based participatory intervention on earthquake preparedness in Tehran.MethodsThis community-engaged research was conducted during 2011 to 2013. An intervention and a control neighborhood were chosen through systematic cluster sampling. In the intervention group 305 households and in the control group 314 households were sampled for pre- and post-assessment surveys. A participatory intervention was designed on the basis of consultation with the community advisory board and was implemented by trained volunteers. Changes in outcome variables in the intervention and control groups were detected in terms of knowledge, attitude, and practice. Pearson chi-square tests and covariance regression were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.ResultsThe results showed that the frequency of earthquake experience in the intervention and control groups was 69.2% and 79.0%, respectively. Moreover, the mean difference scores in knowledge, attitude, and practice in the intervention and control groups before and after the intervention were significant (P<0.001).ConclusionsA participatory intervention effectively improved disaster preparedness at a community level. To ensure sustainability, the participatory approach should be integrated into public health disaster planning. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:211–218)

P4415Long obstructive sleep apneas as a biomarker of atrial fibrillation

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Allam ◽  
P Reddy ◽  
E Valladares ◽  
T Hammond ◽  
V Grbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apneas

Abstract Background Even though obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is strongly associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), the use of traditional OSA scoring by apnea hypopnea index (AHI) did not result in improved arrhythmia outcomes in recent randomized trials. Longer OSA episodes lead to stronger pro-arrhythmic changes, and whether very long OSA episodes are more prevalent in AF patients remains unknown. Purpose We hypothesized that AF patients with mild-moderate OSA manifest greater percentage of long (>20s), very long (>30s), and extremely long (>40s) OSA episodes, compared to control OSA patients matched to AHI, age and sex. Methods From patients studied with diagnostic polysomnography in our laboratory between 2016 and 2018, we selected 22 patients with mild-moderate untreated OSA of which 11 patients had history of paroxysmal AF and 11 patients did not have any cardiac history. The length, oxygen desaturation, and relationship to neighboring events was manually re-measured in all recorded apnea and hypopnea events. Results In the 22 included patients (age 62.5±9.1 years, AHI 12.8±6.1, 40% female) we recorded 1021 apneas: 508 in the AF group and 513 in the control group. AF patients had longer apneas compared to the patients without AF history (mean length 28.7±11.7s vs. 23.3±9.9s; p<0.0001). The proportion of apneas that were long (>20s), very long (>30s), and extremely long (>40s) was greater in the AF group as compared to the control (p=0.0039, p=0.0215, p=0.0104, respectively; see figure). The acute oxygen saturation drops (>2%) during apneas were comparable between the AF group and control groups (p=0.13), but the long (>20s) apneas were prone to greater oxygen desaturations. Length of Apneas Conclusions While traditional scoring of OSA focuses on episodes lasting >10s, our data newly show that longer durations of OSA events are particularly prevalent in AF patients. These results, combined with recent mechanistic studies showing that longer apneas exert greater pro-arrhythmic effect on atrial conduction, suggest that novel scoring of OSA placing more weight on longer apneas should be explored, especially when screening and titrating OSA therapy in patients at risk of AF.

Effects of Community-Based Primary Care Management on Patients With Hypertension and Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 522-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Sun Kim ◽  
Youshin Suh ◽  
Mi-Sook Kim ◽  
Bit-Na Yoo ◽  
Eun-Ji Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Treatment Persistence ◽  
Participant Group ◽  
Health Insurance Claims ◽  
And Control ◽  
Primary Care Management

As the prevalence of chronic diseases is continuously increasing, the socioeconomic cost of those conditions in Korea is also rising. In order to effectively manage chronic diseases, the “Community-Based Primary Care Project” was implemented from 2014 to 2016 and focused on primary medical care and physician-led chronic disease management. The purpose of this study is evaluating the effects of the project through the DID (difference in difference) model. The project’s database and the National Health Insurance claims database were both used to compare the project and control groups (n = 6092 vs 24 368). Results of the analysis show that medication adherence was increased more in the project group compared with the control group. Hospitalization days, outpatient days, and number of primary medical clinic visits increased more in the participant group than the control group. As the project showed an improvement in treatment persistence, it will be necessary to monitor for a longer period of time.

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