scholarly journals Responses of the photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) to different LED light qualities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Gao ◽  
Xuena Liu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Bili Cao ◽  
Zijing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Welsh Onion ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Photochemical Efficiency

Abstract The optimized illumination of plants using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is beneficial to their photosynthetic performance. Because of this, in recent years LEDs have been widely used in horticultural facilities. However, there are significant differences in the responses of different crops to light quality. The influence of light quality on photosynthesis needs to be further explored to provide theoretical guidance for the adjustment of the light environment in industrial crop production. This study tested the effects of different qualities of LED lighting (white, W; blue, B; green, G; yellow, Y; and red, R) with the same photosynthetic photon flux density (300 μmol/m2·s) on the growth and development, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, leaf structure, and chloroplast ultrastructure of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) plants. The results showed that the plant height, leaf area, and fresh weight of plants in the W and B treatments were significantly higher than those in the other treatments. The photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in the W treatment were significantly higher than those in the monochromatic light treatments, while the transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were the highest in the B treatment, and the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was the highest in the Y treatment. Among the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics tested, the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) was the highest in the Y treatment, while the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) under dark adaptation (Fv/Fm), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII under light adaptation (Fv'/Fm'), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), and apparent electron transport rate (ETR) all differed among treatments in the following order: W > B > R > G > Y. Both leaf structure and chloroplast ultrastructure showed the most complete development in the B treatment. In summary, in addition to W light, B light significantly improved the photosynthetic efficiency of Welsh onion, whereas Y light significantly reduced the photosynthetic efficiency of this plant.

scholarly journals Responses of the photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) to different LED light qualities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Gao ◽  
Xuena Liu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Bili Cao ◽  
Zijing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Welsh Onion ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Photochemical Efficiency

Abstract Background: The optimized illumination of plants using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is beneficial to theirphotosynthetic performance. Because of this, in recent years LEDs have been widely used in horticultural facilities. However, there are significant differences in the responses of different crops to light quality. The influence of light quality on photosynthesis needs to be further explored to provide theoretical guidance for the adjustment of the light environment in industrial crop production. This study tested the effects of different qualities of LED lighting (white, W; blue, B; green, G; yellow, Y; and red, R) with the sama photon flux density (300 μmol/m2·s) on the growth and development, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, leaf structure, and chloroplast ultrastructure of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) plants. Results: The results showed that the plant height, leaf area, and fresh weight of plants in the W and B treatments were significantly higher than those in the other treatments. The photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic ratein the W treatment were significantly higher than those in the monochromatic light treatments, while the transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were the highest in the B treatment, and the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was the highest in the Y treatment. Among the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics tested, the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) was the highest in the Y treatment, while the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) under dark adaptation (Fv/Fm), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII under light adaptation (Fv'/Fm'), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), and apparent electron transport rate (ETR) all differed among treatments in the following order: W > B > R > G > Y. Both leaf structure and chloroplast ultrastructure showed the most complete development in the B treatment. Conclusions: In summary, in addition to W light, B light significantly improved the photosynthetic efficiency of Welsh onion, whereas Y light significantly reduced the photosynthetic efficiency of this plant.

scholarly journals Responses of the photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) to different LED light qualities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Gao ◽  
Xuena Liu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Bili Cao ◽  
Zijing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Welsh Onion ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Photochemical Efficiency

Abstract Background: The optimized illumination of plants using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is beneficial to their photosynthetic performance. Because of this, in recent years LEDs have been widely used in horticultural facilities. However, there are significant differences in the responses of different crops to light quality. The influence of light quality on photosynthesis needs to be further explored to provide theoretical guidance for the adjustment of the light environment in industrial crop production. This study tested the effects of different qualities of LED lighting (white, W; blue, B; green, G; yellow, Y; and red, R) with the same photon flux density (300 μmol/m2·s) on the growth and development, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, leaf structure, and chloroplast ultrastructure of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) plants. Results: The results showed that the plant height, leaf area, and fresh weight of plants in the W and B treatments were significantly higher than those in the other treatments. The photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in the W treatment were significantly higher than those in the monochromatic light treatments, while the transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were the highest in the B treatment, and the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was the highest in the Y treatment. Among the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics tested, the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) was the highest in the Y treatment, while the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) under dark adaptation (Fv/Fm), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII under light adaptation (Fv'/Fm'), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), and apparent electron transport rate (ETR) all differed among treatments in the following order: W > B > R > G > Y. Both leaf structure and chloroplast ultrastructure showed the most complete development in the B treatment. Conclusions: In summary, in addition to W light, B light significantly improved the photosynthetic efficiency of Welsh onion, whereas Y light significantly reduced the photosynthetic efficiency of this plant.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) grown under different LED wavelengths

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Gao ◽  
Xuena Liu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Bili Cao ◽  
Zijing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Welsh Onion ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Photochemical Efficiency

Abstract Background: The optimized illumination of plants using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is beneficial to their photosynthetic performance, and in recent years, LEDs have been widely used in horticultural facilities. However, there are significant differences in the responses of different crops to different wavelengths of light. Thus, the influence of artificial light on photosynthesis requires further investigation to provide theoretical guidelines for the light environments used in industrial crop production. In this study, we tested the effects of different LEDs (white, W; blue, B; green, G; yellow, Y; and red, R) with the same photon flux density (300 μmol/m 2 ·s) on the growth, development, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, leaf structure, and chloroplast ultrastructure of Welsh onion ( Allium fistulosum L.) plants. Results: Plants in the W and B treatments had significantly higher height, leaf area, and fresh weight than those in the other treatments. The photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate ( P n ) in the W treatment were significantly higher than those in the monochromatic light treatments, the transpiration rate ( E ) and stomatal conductance ( G s ) were the highest in the B treatment, and the intercellular CO 2 concentration ( C i ) was the highest in the Y treatment. The non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) was the highest in the Y treatment, but the other chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics differed among treatments in the following order: W > B > R > G > Y. This includes the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) under dark adaptation (Fv/Fm), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII under light adaptation (Fv′/Fm′), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), and apparent electron transport rate (ETR). Finally, the leaf structure and chloroplast ultrastructure showed the most complete development in the B treatment. Conclusions: White and blue light significantly improved the photosynthetic efficiency of Welsh onions, whereas yellow light reduced the photosynthetic efficiency.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) grown under different LED wavelengths

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Gao ◽  
Xuena Liu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Bili Cao ◽  
Zijing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Welsh Onion ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Photochemical Efficiency

Abstract Background: The optimized illumination of plants using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is beneficial to their photosynthetic performance, and in recent years, LEDs have been widely used in horticultural facilities. However, there are significant differences in the responses of different crops to different wavelengths of light. Thus, the influence of artificial light on photosynthesis requires further investigation to provide theoretical guidelines for the light environments used in industrial crop production. In this study, we tested the effects of different LEDs (white, W; blue, B; green, G; yellow, Y; and red, R) with the same photon flux density (300 μmol/m 2 ·s) on the growth, development, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, leaf structure, and chloroplast ultrastructure of Welsh onion ( Allium fistulosum L.) plants. Results: Plants in the W and B treatments had significantly higher height, leaf area, and fresh weight than those in the other treatments. The photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate ( P n ) in the W treatment were significantly higher than those in the monochromatic light treatments, the transpiration rate ( E ) and stomatal conductance ( G s ) were the highest in the B treatment, and the intercellular CO 2 concentration ( C i ) was the highest in the Y treatment. The non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) was the highest in the Y treatment, but the other chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics differed among treatments in the following order: W > B > R > G > Y. This includes the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) under dark adaptation (Fv/Fm), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII under light adaptation (Fv′/Fm′), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), and apparent electron transport rate (ETR). Finally, the leaf structure and chloroplast ultrastructure showed the most complete development in the B treatment. Conclusions: White and blue light significantly improved the photosynthetic efficiency of Welsh onions, whereas yellow light reduced the photosynthetic efficiency.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Shading Rates on the Photosynthesis and Corm Weight of Konjac Plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoguo QIN ◽  
Zesheng YAN ◽  
Honghui GU ◽  
Zhengxiang WANG ◽  
Xiong JIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Relative Electron ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

To study the effects of shading level on the photosynthesis and corm weight of konjac plant, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, daily variation of relative electron transport rate (rETR), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and corm weight of konjac plants under different treatments were measured and comparatively analyzed through covered cultivation of biennial seed corms with shade nets at different shading rates (0%, 50%, 70%, and 90%). The results showed that with the increase in shading rate, the maximum photochemical efficiency, potential activity, and non-photochemical quenching of photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) of konjac leaves constantly increased, whereas the actual photosynthetic efficiency, rETR, and photochemical quenching of PSⅡ initially increased and then decreased. This result indicated that moderate shading could enhance the photosynthetic efficiency of konjac leaves. The daily variation of rETR in konjac plants under unshaded treatment showed a bimodal curve, whereas that under shaded treatment displayed a unimodal curve. The rETR of plants with 50% treatment and 70% treatment was gradually higher than that under unshaded treatment around noon. The moderate shading could increase the Pn of konjac leaves. The stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the leaves under shaded treatment were significantly higher than those of the leaves under unshaded treatment. Shading could promote the growth of plants and increase corm weight. The comprehensive comparison shows that the konjac plants had strong photosynthetic capacity and high yield when the shading rate was 50%-70% for the area.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

Promoting pepper (Capsicum annuum) photosynthesis via chloroplast ultrastructure and enzyme activities by optimising the ammonium to nitrate ratio

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Jianming Xie ◽  
Yantai Gan ◽  
Jeffrey A. Coulter ◽  
Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Chilli Pepper ◽  
N Assimilation

Optimal plant growth in many species is achieved when the two major forms of N are supplied at a particular ratio. In this pot experiment, the effects of five different ammonium:nitrate ratios (ANRs) (0:100, 12.5:87.5, 25:75, 37.5:62.5, and 50:50) on photosynthesis efficiency in chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants were evaluated. The results showed that an ANR of 25:75 increased the contents of chl a, leaf area and dry matter, whereas chl b content was not affected by the ANRs. Regarding chlorophyll fluorescence, an ANR of 25:75 also enhanced the actual photochemical efficiency, photochemical quenching and maximum photosynthetic rate. However, the 0:100 and 50:50 ANRs resulted in higher values for nonphotochemical quenching. An inhibition of maximal photochemical efficiency was found when 50% NH4+ was supplied at the later stage of plant growth. The addition of 25% or 37.5% NH4+ was beneficial for gas exchange parameters and the 25% NH4+ optimised the thylakoid of chloroplasts. Compared with nitrate alone, 12.5–50% NH4+ upregulated glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), the large subunit and the small subunit of Rubisco. It can be concluded that the 25:75 ANR accelerated N assimilation through active GDH, which provides a material basis for chloroplast and Rubisco formation, resulting in the increased photosynthetic rate and enhanced growth in chilli pepper.

Corrigendum to: Promoting pepper (Capsicum annuum) photosynthesis via chloroplast ultrastructure and enzyme activities by optimising the ammonium to nitrate ratio

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Jianming Xie ◽  
Yantai Gan ◽  
Jeffrey A. Coulter ◽  
Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Chilli Pepper ◽  
N Assimilation

Optimal plant growth in many species is achieved when the two major forms of N are supplied at a particular ratio. In this pot experiment, the effects of five different ammonium:nitrate ratios (ANRs) (0:100, 12.5:87.5, 25:75, 37.5:62.5, and 50:50) on photosynthesis efficiency in chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants were evaluated. The results showed that an ANR of 25:75 increased the contents of chl a, leaf area and dry matter, whereas chl b content was not affected by the ANRs. Regarding chlorophyll fluorescence, an ANR of 25:75 also enhanced the actual photochemical efficiency, photochemical quenching and maximum photosynthetic rate. However, the 0:100 and 50:50 ANRs resulted in higher values for nonphotochemical quenching. An inhibition of maximal photochemical efficiency was found when 50% NH4+ was supplied at the later stage of plant growth. The addition of 25% or 37.5% NH4+ was beneficial for gas exchange parameters and the 25% NH4+ optimised the thylakoid of chloroplasts. Compared with nitrate alone, 12.5–50% NH4+ upregulated glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), the large subunit and the small subunit of Rubisco. It can be concluded that the 25:75 ANR accelerated N assimilation through active GDH, which provides a material basis for chloroplast and Rubisco formation, resulting in the increased photosynthetic rate and enhanced growth in chilli pepper.

scholarly journals Waterlogging tolerance and recovery capability screening in peanut: a comparative analysis of waterlogging effects on physiological traits and yield

PeerJ ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. e12741
Author(s):  
Ruier Zeng ◽  
Jing Cao ◽  
Xi Li ◽  
Xinyue Wang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Maximum Photochemical Efficiency

Fifteen peanut varieties at the pod filling stage were exposed to waterlogging stress for 7 days, the enzyme activities and fluorescence parameters were measured after 7 days of waterlogging and drainage. The waterlogging tolerance and recovery capability of varieties were identified. After waterlogging, waterlogging tolerance coefficient (WTC) of relative electrolyte linkage (REL), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and catalase (CAT) activity, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and photochemical quenching (qL) of leaves of most peanut varieties were increased, while the WTC of the soil and plant analysis development (SPAD) value, PS II actual quantum yield (ΦPS II), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) were decreased. After drainage, the WTC of REL, MDA content, SOD and CAT activity of leaves were decreased compared with that of after waterlogging, but these indicators of a few cultivars were increased. ΦPS II, Fv/Fm and qL can be used as important indexes to identify waterlogging recovery capability. There was a significant negative correlation between recovery capability and the proportion of reduction in yield, while no significant correlation was found between waterlogging tolerance and the proportion of reduction in yield. Therefore, it is recommended to select varieties with high recovery capability and less pod number reduction under waterlogging in peanut breeding and cultivation.

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