Determinants of Undernutrition among Children Under-Five Years Old in Southern Ethiopia: Does Pregnancy Intention Matter? A Community-Based Unmatched Case-Control Study

Abstract Background Stunting, which describes a small height for one’s age, is an indicator of chronic malnutrition. It develops mainly as a result of prolonged food deprivation or a chronic disease or illness. Unintended pregnancies and unplanned births are among the psychological factors that negatively affect the nutritional status of children. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of unintended pregnancies and other family and child characteristics on the nutritional status of children under 5 years old. Methods A community-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 302 children (151 cases and 151 controls) 6–59 months old in Wonago town, Gedeo Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia. The cases were randomly selected from among the stunted children, and the controls were randomly selected from among the non-stunted children. The descriptive characteristics of the respondents were compared using the chi-squared test, and a multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the effects of an unintended pregnancy on stunting, after controlling for the other variables, with a p value of 0.05. Results The result revealed that unintended pregnancy is found to be among predictors of stunting where children from unintended pregnancy were about three times more likely to be stunted [AOR: 2.62, CI: (1.26, 5.45)]. The other predictors identified in this study were educational status of the father, wealth index of the household and daily meal frequency. From the finding, children from illiterate fathers [AOR: 3.43, CI: (1.04, 11.29)], children from poorer household economic status [AOR: 2.32, CI: (1.20, 4.49)] and children whom their daily meal frequency is below the recommended number of feeding [AOR: 4.50, CI: (1.31, 15.49)] were found to be more stunted. Conclusions Based on the results of this study, the children born from unintended pregnancies exhibited a significantly higher risk of stunting. Therefore, preventing unintended pregnancy could play a great role in decreasing the risk of stunting in children.

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Determinants of Undernutrition among Children Under-Five Years Old in Southern Ethiopia: Does Pregnancy Intention Matter? A Community-Based Unmatched Case-Control Study

10.21203/rs.2.14204/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Feyisso Shaka ◽

Yetayal Birhanu Woldie ◽

Hirbaye Mokona Lola ◽

Kalkidan Yohannes Olkamo ◽

Adane Tesfaye Anbasse

Keyword(s):

Unintended Pregnancy ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

The Other ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Meal Frequency ◽

Community Based ◽

Unintended Pregnancies ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: Stunting, which describes a small height for one’s age, is an indicator of chronic malnutrition. It develops mainly as a result of prolonged food deprivation or a chronic disease or illness. Unintended pregnancies and unplanned births are among the psychological factors that negatively affect the nutritional status of children. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of unintended pregnancies and other family and child characteristics on the nutritional status of children under 5 years old. Methods: A community-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 302 children (151 cases and 151 controls) 6–59 months old in Wonago town, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. The cases were stunted children and the controls were non-stunted children in the study area. The cases were randomly selected from among the stunted children, and the controls were randomly selected from among the non-stunted children. The descriptive characteristics of the respondents were compared using the chi-squared test, and a multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the effects of an unintended pregnancy on stunting, after controlling for the other variables, with a p value of 0.05. Results: The result revealed that unintended pregnancy is found to be among predictors of stunting where children from unintended pregnancy were about three times more likely to be stunted [AOR: 2.62, CI: (1.26, 5.45)]. The other predictors identified in this study were educational status of the father, wealth index of the household and daily meal frequency. From the finding, children from illiterate fathers [AOR: 3.43, CI: (1.04, 11.29)], children from poorer household economic status [AOR: 2.32, CI: (1.20, 4.49)] and children whom their daily meal frequency is below the recommended number of feeding [AOR: 4.50, CI: (1.31, 15.49)] were found to be more stunted. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the children born from unintended pregnancies exhibited a significantly higher risk of stunting. Therefore, preventing unintended pregnancy could play a great role in decreasing the risk of stunting in children.

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Association of childhood undernutrition with water supply, sanitation and hygiene interventions in Kersa and Omo Nada districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia: A case-control study

10.21203/rs.2.24114/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Negasa Eshete Soboksa ◽

Sirak Robele Gari ◽

Abebe Beyene Hailu ◽

Bezatu Mengistie Alemu

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Water Supply ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Sanitation And Hygiene ◽

Jimma Zone ◽

Childhood Undernutrition ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children ◽

Control Study ◽

Critical Times

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to describe the association of childhood undernutrition with water supply, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in Kersa and Omo Nada districts of the Jimma Zone, Ethiopia.Design: A case-control study design was undertaken from December 2018 to January 2019.Setting: Kersa and Omo Nada districts of the Jimma Zone, Ethiopia.Subjects: 128 cases and 256 controls were randomly selected from malnourished and well-nourished children, respectively.Outcome measures: Bodyweight, length/height, mid-upper arm circumference and presence of edema of the children were measured according to the WHO references. Then, the nutritional status of children was identified as case or control using cutoff points recommended by the WHO based on the Z-score, edema, and MUAC values recorded.Results: A total of 378 children were included in this study, with a response rate of 98.44%. Undernutrition was significantly increased among children who delayed breastfeeding initiation (AOR=2.60; 95% CI: 1.02-6.65), diarrhea (AOR=9.50; 95% CI: 5.19-17.36), living with households indexed as the poorest (AOR=2.57; 95% CI: 1.09-6.07) and defecated in a pit latrine without slab/open pit (AOR=2.49; 95% CI: 1.17-5.30), and sometimes practiced hand washing at the critical times (AOR=2.52; 95% CI: 1.10-5.75) compared with their counterparts. However, lactating during the survey (AOR=0.35; 95% CI: 0.18-0.71) and collection and disposal of under-five children feces elsewhere (AOR = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01-0.75) significantly reduced the likelihood of undernutrition.Conclusions: Early initiation of exclusive breastfeeding, diarrhea prevention, the use of improved latrine, and always handwashing practices at critical times could be important variables to improve the nutritional status of children.

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Risk factors for diphtheria outbreak in children aged 1-10 years in East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.16433.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1625 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Iwan Muhamad Ramdan ◽

Rahmi Susanti ◽

Riza Hayati Ifroh ◽

Reny Noviasty

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Home Environment ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Main Risk Factor ◽

Natural Lighting ◽

East Kalimantan ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children ◽

Control Study

Background: Diphtheria remains a health problem, especially in developing countries. In November 2017, the Indonesian Ministry of Health stated that there was a diphtheria outbreak in Indonesia. East Kalimantan is one of the provinces that experienced this disease outbreak. This study analyzes the risk factors for diphtheria outbreak in children aged 1-10 years. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 37 respondents. Research variables consist of immunization status against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT), nutritional status, children mobility, source of transmission, physical home environment (natural lighting, ventilation area, occupancy density, wall and floor type), knowledge of diphtheria and attitudes towards the diphtheria prevention program. Results: We found that the most of the children who had diphtheria had been immunized against DPT. Additionally the nutritional status of children (p=0.049), mobility (p=0.000) and the source of transmission (p=0.020) were significantly associated with diphtheria. Conclusions: Child/parent mobility (OR=8.456) is the main risk factor for diphtheria outbreak. It is recommended to limit the mobility of children to travel to areas that are experiencing increased cases of diphtheria, improve the nutritional status, and further research on the effectiveness of diphtheria vaccine.

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Nutritional Status of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs): A Case–Control Study

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders ◽

10.1007/s10803-014-2205-8 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 203-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Salvador Marí-Bauset ◽

Agustín Llopis-González ◽

Itziar Zazpe-García ◽

Amelia Marí-Sanchis ◽

María Morales-Suárez-Varela

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Case Control ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children ◽

Control Study

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The Relationship between Body Composition and Muscle Tone in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Case-Control Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12030864 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 864 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paweł Więch ◽

Agnieszka Ćwirlej-Sozańska ◽

Agnieszka Wiśniowska-Szurlej ◽

Justyna Kilian ◽

Ewa Lenart-Domka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Muscle Tone ◽

Case Control ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children ◽

The Relationship ◽

Ashworth Scale ◽

Control Study

The monitoring of children with cerebral palsy (CP) should include a precise assessment of the nutritional status to identify children and adolescents at risk of nutrition disorders. Available studies assessing the nutritional status of children with CP mainly focus on the relationship between body composition and the coexistence of motor dysfunctions, frequently overlooking the role of muscle tone. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between body composition and muscle tone in children with CP. In a case-control study (n = 118; mean age 11 y; SD = 3.8), the children with CP presented various stages of functional capacities, corresponding to all the levels in gross motor function classification system (GMFSC), and muscle tone described by all the grades in Ashworth scale. The control group consisted of healthy children and adolescents, strictly matched for gender and age in a 1:1 case-control manner. The children with CP were found with significantly lower mean values of fat-free mass (FFM kg = 29.2 vs. 34.5, p < 0.001), muscle mass (MM kg = 18.6 vs. 22.6, p < 0.001), body cell mass (BCM kg = 15.1 vs. 18.3, p < 0.001), and total body water (TBW L = 23.0 vs. 26.7, p < 0.001). The same differences in body composition were identified with respect to gender (p < 0.01 respectively). Moreover, children with higher muscle tone (higher score in Ashworth scale) were found with significantly lower values of fat mass (FM), FFM, MM, BCM, and TBW (p < 0.05). The findings showed lower parameters of body composition in the children with CP compared to the healthy children, and a decrease in the parameters coinciding with higher muscle tone in the study group. This observation suggests that it is necessary to measure muscle tone while assessing nutritional status of children with CP.

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Geographic Access to Working Family Planning Centers and Unintended Pregnancies among Married Women: A Community Based Nested Case Control Study

Open Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.4236/ojepi.2016.61010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 06 (01) ◽

pp. 95-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sumera Aziz Ali ◽

Sarah Saleem ◽

Neelofar Sami ◽

Mir Shabbar ◽

Muhammad Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Married Women ◽

Community Based ◽

Geographic Access ◽

Unintended Pregnancies ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Individual and Combined Associations of Fasting Serum Lipids with Incident Risk of First Ischemic Stroke: A Chinese Community-Based Nested Case-Control Study

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3569876 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yue Zhang ◽

Jingyi Li ◽

Chengzhang Liu ◽

Hongxiang Yu ◽

Chen Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Serum Lipids ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Chinese Community ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Community Based ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Determinants of short birth interval among women in South Gondar, Ethiopia: community-based unmatched case-control study

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-021-00567-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gedefaye Nibret Mihretie ◽

Fentahun Yenealem Beyene ◽

Bekalu Getnet Kassa ◽

Alemu Degu Ayele ◽

Tewachew Muche Liyeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Birth Interval ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Birth Spacing ◽

Case Control ◽

Community Based ◽

Short Birth Interval ◽

South Gondar ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background The effect of short birth interval on socio-economic, negative maternal and child health outcomes remains common in developing countries. This study aimed to assess determinants of short birth interval among reproductive age women, who gave birth in health institution for last six-month in South Gondar, Ethiopia 2019. Methods Community-based unmatched case control study design was conducted from February 1 to March 30, 2019. Sample size of 150 was included by simple random sampling technique. The data was collected by semi-structured and pre-tested face to face interviewer-administered questionnaire from selected respondent. The collected data was entered with Epi-Data version 3.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 23 software. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were used to examine the association. Odds ratio, 95% CI and P-value < 0.05 were used to determine the statistical association. Result The mean age of the respondents was 32.42 (SD ± 5.14) and 35.12 (SD ± 5.86) for cases and controls, respectively. Mothers not used contraceptives (AOR = 6.29, 95% CI (1.95, 20.24)), participants who had ≤2 alive children (AOR = 5.57, 95% CI (1.47, 21.13)), mothers who breast fed less than 24 months (AOR = 3.42, 95% CI (1.38, 8.46)), husband decision on contraceptives utilization (AOR = 2.69,95% CI (1.05,6.88)) and mothers who did not have history of antenatal care follow up (AOR = 3.52, 95% CI (1.27, 9.75)) were associated with short birth interval. Conclusion The optimum birth spacing plays a vital role in decreasing fertility and the morbidity and mortality of mothers and children. Thus, providing health information on the benefit of breast feeding, follow-up of antenatal care during pregnancy, use of contraceptives after delivery and encouraging mothers to make decisions about their own health and use of contraceptives to optimize birth spacing for rural communities.

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